Advanced Week 88
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“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk交传小组”,该小组成立于 2015年 2 月。现阶段,小组专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练,在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能,从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。
Now, for thousands of years, we have been studying the cosmos, we've been wondering about our place in the universe. The ancient Greeks told us that the Earth was the center of the universe. Five hundred years ago, Copernicus displaced the Earth, and put the Sun at the heart of the cosmos. And as we've learned over the centuries, since Galileo Galilei, the Italian scientist, first turned, in that time, a two-inch, very small telescope, to the sky, every time we have built larger telescopes, we have learned something about the universe; we've made discoveries, without exception. We've learned in the 20th century that the universe is expanding and that our own solar system is not at the center of that expansion. We know now that the universe is made of about 100 billion galaxies that are visible to us, and each one of those galaxies has 100 billion stars within it.
数几千年以来,我们一直在研究宇宙,一直想知道我们在宇宙中的位置。 古希腊人曾说, 地球是宇宙的中心。五百多年前,哥白尼推翻了它,而视太阳为宇宙的中心。我们研究了几个世纪。意大利科学家伽利略第一次把一个两英寸的小型望远镜指向天空。每次我们会造出更大的望远镜,我们就会了解宇宙多一分。我们有新发现,无一例外。我们发现,在 20 世纪宇宙在膨胀,我们的太阳系并不处于膨胀中心。我们知道了宇宙有大约 1000 亿个星系,是可见的。 而每一个星系中都有约 1000 亿颗恒星。
Now, for thousands of years, we have been studying the cosmos, we've been wondering about our place in the universe:
以顺译为原则,紧贴原文出译文;
“now”略去不译;
wonder about指“想知道”或“不知道”;
we have been studying the cosmos, we've been wondering about our place in the universe:句中有两个“we have been…”,因而可以跳开重复,译出后文;
整句译为“数几千年以来,我们一直在研究宇宙,一直想知道我们在宇宙中的位置。”
the Earth was the center of the universe:地球是宇宙的中心,即地心说
背景知识:地心说,又名天动说(Geocentric model)。公元 2 世纪时它被体
Five hundred years ago, Copernicus displaced the Earth, and put the Sun at the heart of the cosmos:
Copernicus displaced the Earth:哥白尼推翻了它(地心说);
put the Sun at the heart of the cosmos:而视太阳为宇宙的中心(即日心说);
整句译作“五百多年前,哥白尼推翻了它,而视太阳为宇宙的中心。”
as we've learned over the centuries, since Galileo Galilei, the Italian scientist, first turned, in that time, a two-inch, very small telescope, to the sky, every time we have built larger telescopes, we have learned something about the universe:
本句中有“as”、“since”这样的词,处理时暂时略过,直接译出句子,不会影响句意;
整句译为“我们研究了几个世纪。意大利科学家伽利略第一次把一个两英寸的小型望远镜指向天空。每次我们会造出更大的望远镜,我们就会了解宇宙多一分。”
So we're looking now at the deepest image of the cosmos that's ever been taken. It was taken using the Hubble Space Telescope, and by pointing the telescope at what was previously a blank region of sky, before the launch of Hubble. And if you can imagine this tiny area, it's only one-fiftieth of the size of the full moon. So, if you can imagine the full moon. And there are now 10,000 galaxies visible within that image. And the faintness of those images and the tiny size is only a result of the fact that those galaxies are so far away, the vast distances. And each of those galaxies may contain within it a few billion or even hundreds of billions of individual stars. Telescopes are like time machines. So the farther back we look in space, the further back we see in time. And they're like light buckets -- literally, they collect light. So larger the bucket, the larger the mirror we have, the more light we can see, and the farther back we can view.
我们正在看的是最深远的宇宙照片,这是用哈勃望远镜拍下的,把它指向了太空中的一块空白区,之后它便发射升空了。然后你可以想象一下它的面积,只有五十分之一的大小,满月五十分之一的。前提是你能想象出满月。有一万个星系可见,在那张影像里可见。它们微弱渺小是因为这些星系离我们太远太远了。在每一个星系里,都有数十亿甚至上千亿颗恒星。 望远镜就像时光机器一样。我们在太空里看得有多远,就是多遥远的过去。它们也像是光篮子一样,意思是,它们搜集光。越大的篮子就相当于越大的镜片,就有越多的光被我们采集到,然后看到越远的过去。
It was taken using the Hubble Space Telescope, and by pointing the telescope at what was previously a blank region of sky, before the launch of Hubble:译作“这是用哈勃望远镜拍下的,把它指向了太空中的一块空白区,之后它便发射升空了”:
被动 was taken化作主动“用……拍下的”;
by pointing the telescope at:省译介词,直译内容;
launch:发射;
before the launch of Hubble:before固定译作“之后”。
it's only one-fiftieth of the size of the full moon:只有五十分之一的大小,满月五十分之一;顺译技巧:重复前文。
a result of:原因是。
So the farther back we look in space, the further back we see in time:我们在太空里看得有多远,就是多遥远的过去。
So, we've learned in the last century that there are exotic objects in the universe -- black holes. We've even learned that there's dark matter and dark energy that we can't see. So you're looking now at an actual image of dark matter. You got it. Not all audiences get that. So the way we infer the presence of dark matter -- we can't see it -- but there's an unmistakable tug, due to gravity. We now can look out, we see this sea of galaxies in a universe that's expanding. What I do myself is to measure the expansion of the universe, and one of the projects that I carried out in the 1990s used the Hubble Space Telescope to measure how fast the universe is expanding. We can now trace back to 14 billion years. We've learned over time that stars have individual histories; that is, they have birth, they have middle ages and some of them even have dramatic deaths. So the embers from those stars actually then form the new stars that we see, most of which turn out to have planets going around them.
我们得知在上个世纪发现了宇宙中有种奇异的东西——黑洞。我们也得知了暗物质和暗能量的存在,我们是看不见的。所以,你们现在正在看的就是一团暗物质。你们懂的。不是所有的听众都懂这点哦。所以,我们推断暗物质的存在,我们看不见,但是有拉扯,源自于重力的作用。我们看到这片星际海洋,宇宙在膨胀。 我所做的是测量宇宙的膨胀,众多项目之一就是在上世纪 90 年代通过哈勃望远镜 来测量宇宙膨胀速度。我们现在可以追溯回 140 亿年前了。我们了解到了恒星们的历史。 它们有出生、中年、戏剧般的死亡。恒星留下的灰烬又形成了我们现在看到的新恒星, 它们中的大多数也都有行星,绕其而旋转。
exotic objects 神奇的东西
dark matter and dark energy:暗物质和暗能量,解析如下:
infer 推断
tug 拉扯
to measure how fast the universe is expanding:指“测量宇宙膨胀的速度”,疑问句可以转译。
embers 灰烬
第 88 周训练重点是英汉同传,材料为天文学家Wendy Freedman在TED上的演讲(视频文本链接: ),主题是天文望远镜有望向人类揭示宇宙的起源。世界上许多天文学家都希望能够解开关于宇宙起源的问题,也为此成立了许多国际小组进行专项研究,利用各式望远镜来进行观测与测量。Wendy Freedman带领的小组则开发大型望远镜GMT。她大胆指出GMT可能带来的新发现。小组成员利用该材料练习了同声传译和限时视译,并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议:你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。本周也进行了二级口译教材关于会议致辞的每日晚间训练,训练目的在于通过多次反复有笔记听译、无笔记复述、对比原文学习地道的或更好的词、句型、表达方式来训练教材的内容。本日志整理的是第 88 周练习英译汉部分。
系化了,是地动说对应的学说。该学说是一种认为地球位于宇宙中心的地球中心说,人类则住在半球型的世界中心。从 13 世纪到 17 世纪左右,地心说也一直是天主教教会公认的世界观。(出自百度百科,链接:
背景知识:日心说,也称为地动说,是关于天体运动的和地心说相对立的学说,它认为太阳是宇宙的中心,而不是地球;(出自百度百科,链接:
Galileo Galilei:伽利略·伽利雷。他反驳了托勒密的地心体系,有力地支持了哥白尼的日心学说。他以系统的实验和观察推翻了纯属思辨传统的自然观,开创了以实验事实为根据并具有严密逻辑体系的近代科学。因此被誉为“近代力学之父”、“现代科学之父”。其工作为牛顿的理论体系的建立奠定了基础。(出自百度百科,链接:
black holes:黑洞(黑洞无法直接观测,但可以借由间接方式得知其存在与质量,并且观测到它对其他事物的影响。借由物体被吸入之前的因高热而放出和γ射线的“边缘讯息”,可以获取黑洞存在的讯息。推测出黑洞的存在也可借由间接观测恒星或星际云气团绕行轨迹取得位置以及质量。来源:百度百科,链接
暗物质(Dark Matter)是一种因存在现有理论无法解释的现象而假想出的物质,比电子和光子还要小的物质,不带电荷,不与电子发生干扰,能够穿越电磁波和引力场,是宇宙的重要组成部分。暗物质的密度非常小,但是数量庞大,因此它的总质量很大,它们代表了宇宙中26%的物质含量,其中人类可见的只占宇宙总物质量的5%不到(约4.9%)。暗物质无法直接观测得到,但它能干扰星体发出的光波或引力,其存在能被明显地感受到。(来源:百度百科,链接
暗能量是驱动宇宙运动的一种能量。它和暗物质都不会吸收、反射或者辐射光,所以人类无法直接使用现有的技术进行观测。(来源:百度百科,链接