Advanced Week 100

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。96 周起，小组全面引入 CATTI 新版二口教材的训练，时间为每天晚上 8 点到 9 点，训练期间播放录音、记笔记，在空白处按暂停键后做口译，用 QQ 发群语音，然后对照文档，查找漏译和错译的部分，标出口译时较为困难的词汇和表达，随时发到群里；每天早上 6 点到 7 点训练复述。

本周复盘说明

第 100 周的交替传译训练材料是二口教材的第三单元金融贸易口译课文，包含的是英进中和中进英的演讲材料。小组成员利用该材料练习了交替传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议：你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。本日志整理的是第 100 周练习英译汉的内容。

第 100 周英译汉——知识点整理

段落一

China's biggest challenge is to avoid getting stuck in what economists call the "middle-income trap". China is now a middle-income country, and one that is determined to become a high-income country by 2030. Premier Li Keqiang recently said: "Systemic, institutional, and structural problems have become 'tigers in the road' holding up development." This is why China has launched deep structural reforms to lift incomes and living standards in the long term. These reforms will lead to a "new normal" of slower, safer, and more sustainable growth. In this context, the IMF forecasts GDP growth of 6.8 percent in 2015 – about half a percentage point less than last year. The challenges and potential rewards are huge. China has begun a process of rebalancing in multiple dimensions: from investment to consumption; from manufacturing to services; from capital-intensive growth to one that is driven by innovation, higher skills, and technology.

参考译文

中国面临的最大挑战是避免身陷经济学家们所说的“中等收入陷阱”。中国已经是一个中等收入国家，并决心在 2030 年跻身高收入国家行列。李克强总理最近指出：“体制、制度和结构性问题是前进道路上的‘拦路虎’，阻碍了中国的发展。”这也为什么中国推出了长期的结构性方面的深层次改革，旨在提高收入，改善生活质量。 这些改革会带来新常态——增长速度放缓，安全性更高，可持续性更强。在这种情形下, 国际货币基金组织预测中国的 GDP 增长率 2015 年将维持在 6.8%，约比去年低 0.5 个百分点。中国面临着巨大的挑战，但也存在着可观的潜在回报。它已经在各个方面启动了再平衡进程：从投资转向消费，从制造业转向服务业，从资本密集型增长转向以创新、高技能和科技驱动的增长。

解析

• get stuck in 陷入

• tigers in the road 拦路虎

• hold up development 阻碍发展

• lift incomes and living standards 提高收入，改善生活质量

• a new normal 新常态

• These reforms will lead to a "new normal" of slower, safer, and more sustainable growth：本句重点在介词“of”后面的处理，可译作“增长速度放缓，安全性更高，可持续性更强”，也可译作“增长更慢，更安全，也更可持续”。

• half a percentage point less 少了 0.5 个百分点；少了半个百分点

• The challenges and potential rewards are huge：稍微注重说话者的意图，这里指的是“中国面临着巨大的挑战，但也存在着可观的潜在回报。”

段落二

How can you achieve all this? By creating the right conditions and getting the work done. By preserving economic and financial stability, the government is creating the conditions in which adjustments can unfold safely. For example, credit growth has slowed in the past 12 months, which is helping to contain vulnerabilities in the financial system. The government is also pressing ahead with ambitious, market-oriented reforms laid out in the Third Plenum blueprint. Let me highlight one key objective – opening up the service sector. By injecting greater competition into the service sector, China will boost employment, consumption, and living standards. This requires removing barriers for private companies in areas such as finance, education, health, telecom, and logistics. These sectors will offer exciting entrepreneurial opportunities for your generation. In fact, you can launch your new business right here in Shanghai. This great city has been leading the liberalization of China s service sector by changing business regulations and encouraging startups. The new Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone is a testament to Shanghai's long tradition of pragmatism, business innovation, and international outlook.

参考译文

这一切如何才能实现？我们要创造良好的条件来实现这些目标。政府应保持经济和金融稳定，创造有利条件，平稳开展调整。比如，信贷增长在过去的 12 个月逐渐放缓，这有助于减轻金融系统的脆弱性。 另外，政府正在雄心勃勃地推行市场改革，这项改革计划通过三中全会布局的蓝图加以确定。我想强调其中一个重要目标：开放服务行业。 中国将在服务业引入更激烈的竞争，增加就业，促进消费，提高人民生活水平。为此，我们需要在金融、教育、卫生、电信和物流等领域为私营企业扫清障碍。这些领域将会为你们这一代带来激动人心的创业机会。事实上,在上海你们就可以创业。这座伟大的城市一直在引领中国服务业的自由开放，它注重商业法规的修订，并鼓励创业。新成立的上海自由贸易实验区展现了上海长期以来的务实精神、商业创新和国际视野。

解析

• credit growth 信贷增长

• is helping to 有助于

• boost employment, consumption, and living standards：注意boost译成中文时与其后名词的搭配，译作“增加就业，促进消费，提高人民生活水平”。

• private companies 私营企业，民营企业

• is a testament to 是……的明证，展现了……

段落三

Finance is playing a particularly important role. China is now creating a modern financial sector that can channel its vast savings into the most efficient investments – including the start-ups that you will create. There has been good progress in opening up the financial sector. For example, China has liberalized its lending rates and has made its deposit rates more flexible. The government is also encouraging private investors to establish small and medium-sized banks and other financial institutions. Maintaining this reform momentum will be essential. This means taking further steps to liberalize the deposit rates and the exchange rate. It means removing implicit government guarantees, especially for state-owned enterprises, to promote better pricing and allocation of credit. It also means developing a greater tolerance of corporate defaults and bankruptcies to create more room for healthy companies to thrive and access credit. All these reforms are united by a common ingredient – a greater willingness to allow market forces to work.

参考译文

金融发挥着极其重要的作用。中国正在打造一个现代化的金融领域，将巨额储蓄转换为最高效的投资，包括你们今后要成立的创业公司。中国金融业的对外开放势头良好。比如，中国已经放开了贷款利率，存款利率也更灵活。政府还鼓励私人投资者成立中小型银行或其他金融机构。 保持改革势头至关重要。这意味着要进一步采取措施，放开存款利率和汇率；意味着取消政府的隐性担保，特别是对国有企业的担保，从而更好地改善定价机制和信贷分配；还意味着更宽容的对待公司违约和破产，为健康公司发展创造更多的空间，并获得更多的信贷。 所有这些改革都有一个共同因素，就是愿意放手让市场发挥更大的作用。

解析

• play a particularly important role 发挥着极其重要的作用

• channel…into… 将……转向……

• there has been good progress in ……势头良好；……成绩斐然。

• liberalize the lending rates 放宽贷款利率。

• deposit rats 存款利率

• implicit government guarantees 政府的隐性担保

• corporate defaults 公司违约

段落四

China needs more sustainable growth. As with many countries around the world, China's economic success has come at a price – increasing environmental damage and rising income inequality. This is precisely why China is moving to a development model that will generate greener, more inclusive, and more widely shared growth. Clearly, environmental awareness is increasing at all levels of Chinese society, and actions are being taken. China has been stepping up its green policies: from cracking down on industrial pollution to spearheading innovation in renewable energy. It has recently raised gasoline taxes and is considering an environmental protection tax. But there is still a long way to go. Another long-term challenge is rising income inequality. China has lifted more than 600 million people out of poverty over the past three decades – an amazing achievement by any standard. But disparities persist between rural and urban regions, coastal and inland areas, and within cities and rural areas.

参考译文

中国需要可持续的增长。与世界上许多国家一样,中国为其经济成功付出了代价，即环境破坏加剧，收入越来越不均衡。这也正说明了为什么中国正在建立一种新的发展模式，更环保、更包容和惠及更多人的方式实现增长模式。 中国社会各阶层的环保意识显然都在增强，目前也正在采取行动，强化环保政策，如遏制工业污染和在可再生能源方面实施创新。最近,中国提高了汽油税，正在考虑是否要征收环保税。不过在环保方面中国还有很长的一条路要走。中国面临的另一项长期挑战是收入差距不断扩大。过去三十年里，中国使 6 亿人口摆脱了贫困，无论以何种标准而论，这都是一项惊人的成就。但差距仍然存在，城乡差距、沿海和内地的差距以及城市之间和农村之间的差距仍然存在。

解析

• China's economic success has come at a price

  • 处理方式一：中国为其经济成功付出了代价

  • 处理方式二：中国经济在获得成功的同时，也付出了沉重的代价

• rising income inequality

  • 日益加剧的收入不公

  • 收入越来越不均衡

  • 收入差距越来越大

• more widely shared growth 惠及更多人的增长（模式）

• crack down on 遏制

• industrial pollution 工业污染

• spearhead innovation in renewable energy 在可再生能源方面开展创新

• raise gasoline taxes 提高汽油税