Advanced Week 142

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。96 周起，小组全面引入 CATTI 新版二口教材的训练，时间为每天晚上 8 点到 9 点，训练期间播放录音、记笔记，在空白处按暂停键后做口译，用 QQ 发群语音，然后对照文档，查找漏译和错译的部分，标出口译时较为困难的词汇和表达，随时发到群里；每天早上 6 点到 7 点训练复述及同声传译。

本周复盘说明

第 142 周训练为同声传译和复述。本日志整理的是复述材料Reinventing liberalism for the 21st century的部分内容，选自经济学人创刊175周年特刊，网址https://www.economist.com/essay/2018/09/13/the-economist-at-175。

第 142 周——复述材料知识点整理

段落一

IN SEPTEMBER 1843 James Wilson, a hatmaker from Scotland, founded this newspaper. His purpose was simple: to champion free trade, free markets and limited government. They were the central principles of a new political philosophy to which Wilson adhered and to which The Economist has been committed ever since. That cause was liberalism.

短语词组

• James Wilson: a Scottish businessman, economist, and Liberal politician who founded The Economist weekly.

• to champion free trade, free markets and limited government 支持/倡导自由贸易，自由市场和小政府

  • 自由市场：促进经济增长，让人们享有更高水平的教育、医疗和收入，从而更好地解决社会、政治冲突。

  • limited government 小政府，相对于之前主流的相对保守的放任经济（laissez-faire)，比如美国罗斯福新政。

• a hatmaker from Scotland 苏格兰的帽子制造商

• That cause was liberalism. 这项事业即自由主义。

  • cause: a socially valuable principle that is strongly supported by some people

  • liberalism 自由主义

    自由主义出现在工业时代，蒸汽机、炼油厂、电视机和节约劳动力的时代。二战后，法西斯主义垮台，自由主义和共产主义竞争。自由主义倡导自由平等，欲把人们从暴力、压迫和贫困中解救出来，20世纪90年代至21世纪初，自由主义占据上风，但是自从2008年全球金融危机以来，人们对自由主义感到理想幻灭。当下，面领着信息技术和生物技术革命，自由主义显得手足无措。AI、区块链、全球化、机器学习赢得全球关注，而自由主义对此还未给出解决方案。

• They were the central principles of a new political philosophy to which Wilson adhered and to which The Economist has been committed ever since.

  • 注意介词搭配 adhere to and commit to

  • 注意介词在定语从句中的位置 to which Wilson adhered和to which The Economist has been committed

段落二

Today liberalism is a broad faith-far broader than it was to Wilson. It has economic, political and moral components on which different proponents put different weights. With this breadth comes confusion. Many Americans associate the term with a left-wing belief in big government; in France it is seen as akin to free-market fundamentalism. But whatever version you choose, liberalism is under attack.

短语词组

• Today liberalism is a broad faith-far broader than it was to Wilson. 当今的自由主义是一个广泛的概念，远超其当年对威尔森的意义。

• put different weights on…有不同的权重

• With this breadth comes confusion. 正因为自由主义拥有很丰富的内容，人们产生了很大的疑惑

  • Fusion: an occasion when two or more things join or are combined 融合; the technique of joining atoms in a reaction that produces energy，比如核骤变

• a left-wing belief in big government 大政府中的左翼主张，与上文limited government小政府对应。

• left-wing belief: it supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. It typically involves a concern for those in society whom its adherents perceive as disadvantaged relative to others. Generally, it highlights income equality, higher tax rates on the wealthy, government spending on social programs and infrastructure, stronger regulations on business.

• be seen as akin to free-market fundamentalism 与自由市场原教旨主义类似 比较极端，贬义称呼，

段落三

The attack is in response to the ascendancy of people identified by their detractors, not unreasonably, as a liberal elite. The globalisation of world trade; historically high levels of migration; and a liberal world order premised on America's willingness to project hard power: they are all things that the elite has sought to bring about and sustain. They are things the elite has done well out of, congratulating itself all the while on its adaptability and openness to change. Sometimes it has merely benefited more visibly than a broad swathe of lesser souls; sometimes it has done so at their expense.

短语词组

• be in response to 回应

• the ascendancy of people identified by their detractors 站在统治的高位，权利的高位

  • ascendancy: a position of power, strength, or success

  • detractor: someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly

• liberal elite: people who are politically left of centre, whose education had traditionally opened the doors to affluence and power and form a managerial elite. It is commonly used with the implication that the people who claim to support the rights of the working class are themselves members of the ruling classes and are therefore out of touch with the real needs of the people they claim to support and protect. 自由主义精英，在政治长偏左，很早接触财富和权利，理论上他们支持工人阶级，但却处于统治高位，因此本身无法真正理解工人阶级的诉求。

• The globalisation of world trade; historically high levels of migration; and a liberal world order 贸易全球化，移民潮和自由的世界秩序

• premised on America's willingness to project hard power 引导着美国民众保护硬实力的意愿

  • hard power: the use of a country's military power to persuade other countries to do something, rather than the use of cultural or economic influence

• soft power: the ability to attract and co-opt, rather than by coercion (hard power), which is using force or giving money as a means of persuasion软实力，诸如文化、政治、外交政策。

• lesser souls=lesser/ordinary/mere mortals 指的是普通人，理解成和elite相对的老百姓

• swathe: a large part of something that includes several different things

• merely benefited more visibly than比a broad swathe of lesser souls程度更深，理解为有时候会让不少人受益，但最多也就比这程度多一点，再多就别想了。如果要简洁一些，理解为有时候，好歹能让不少普通老百姓受益；有时候，是榨取他们的利益。

• benefite sb 让某人收益

• at their expense 由他们（普通人）买单