Advanced Week 178
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“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。
I'm going to talk today about energy and climate. And that might seem a bit surprising, because my full-time work at the foundation is mostly about vaccines and seeds, about the things that we need to invent and deliver to help the poorest two billion live better lives. But energy and climate are extremely important to these people; in fact, more important than to anyone else on the planet. The climate getting worse means that many years, their crops won't grow: there will be too much rain, not enough rain; things will change in ways their fragile environment simply can't support. And that leads to starvation, it leads to uncertainty, it leads to unrest. So, the climate changes will be terrible for them.
今天我来谈谈能源和气候问题。大家可能会感到奇怪，比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会本应该是推广疫苗、推广种子、发明创新，让最贫穷的二十亿人口过得更好。但是，能源和气候对穷人也至关重要；事实上，比对其他人来说更重要。气候恶化意味着持续数年，他们无法种庄稼：雨水过多或是缺乏雨水；气候变化太大，脆弱环境无法承载。这导致饥荒、不确定性，甚至动乱。因此，气候变化对穷人危害极大。
本材料用于同传训练，翻译过程中保证译文的简洁、准确和流畅，使用断句、顺句、等待、预判、词性转换、增减、重复、归纳概括、省略等同传常用策略。同传练习过后，可以根据3字1秒，计算出本段应在几秒之内完成限时视译，提升紧迫感，逼迫自己只留下必须保留的内容，删繁就简。
And that might seem a bit surprising, because my full-time work at the foundation is mostly about vaccines and seeds, about the things that we need to invent and deliver to help the poorest two billion live better lives.
参考译文：大家可能会感到奇怪，比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会本应该是推广疫苗、推广种子、发明创新，让最贫穷的二十亿人口过得更好。
首先要了解背景知识：
比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会，它是比尔·盖茨跟妻子梅琳达共同创办的，旨在使世界上“需求最为迫切、财富最少的人能够获得健康、更好的教育和自我摆脱贫困的力量”。在该基金会援助的项目中，你会看到以下内容：
全球人的健康：致力于缩小富国和穷国在卫生保健方面的差距，确保卫生保健领域取得能挽救生命的技术进展，并将这些技术提供给最需要的人。重点领域为传染病、HIV/艾滋病及肺结核、生育保健及儿童保健、全球性卫生保健活动。 美国比尔和梅琳达盖茨基金会将提供总额2460万美元资助坦桑尼亚种植玉米的农户使用更抗虫、更耐旱的玉米种子。
由于这里的“foundation”第一次出现，需要隐性内容显化出来，讲全称。正常会议准备阶段，这种专有名词应该准备在词汇表里随时查看。
另外，这句话中注意断句。 my full-time work at the foundation /is mostly about vaccines and seeds, /about the things that we need to invent and deliver /to help the poorest two billion live better lives.可以按照斜杠来断句。
my full-time work at the foundation：我在基金会的全职工作其实也就是基金会的主业做什么，这里可以压缩合并，使用删减技巧。
关于“种子”和“疫苗”究竟做的什么事情，背景知识一查就知道了，这里需要翻译深入调研。
But energy and climate are extremely important to these people; in fact, more important than to anyone else on the planet.
参考译文：但是，能源和气候对穷人至关重要；事实上，比对其他人来说更重要。
分号后面小半句一定要处理得干脆利落，使用“顺译”，直接套用原文句型“more”可以对应“比”，比对其他人来说更重要。这里就不要再重复一遍“对穷人来说”，啰嗦。
So, the climate changes will be terrible for them.
参考译文：因此，气候变化对穷人危害极大。
这里注意：terrible，表面意思是“很糟糕”，“很恐怖”。但在我们这段中，盖茨罗列了气候变暖的一系列影响后，自然而然应该想到“危害极大”。在英英释意中我们选择第2个词条“causing great harm or injury; very serious”。
01:04 Also, the price of energy is very important to them. In fact, if you could pick just one thing to lower the price of to reduce poverty, by far you would pick energy. Now, the price of energy has come down over time. Really advanced civilization is based on advances in energy. The coal revolution fueled the Industrial Revolution, and, even in the 1900s, we've seen a very rapid decline in the price of electricity, and that's why we have refrigerators, air-conditioning; we can make modern materials and do so many things. And so, we're in a wonderful situation with electricity in the rich world. But as we make it cheaper -- and let's say, let's go for making it twice as cheap -- we need to meet a new constraint, and that constraint has to do with CO2.
能源价格对他们也至关重要。事实上，若要选择一种事物价格的降低来减贫，我选能源。能源价格逐年下降。先进文明的发展得益于能源行业发展。煤炭革命推动工业革命。早在20世纪初，我们就经历了快速的电力价格下降，因此我们发明了电冰箱、空调；我们发明了现代材料，制成很多商品。我们所处的时代很美好，富国拥有电力。但随着电价下降，大约降了一半，我们面临新的限制，那就是碳排放限制。
In fact, if you could pick just one thing to lower the price of to reduce poverty, by far you would pick energy.
参考译文：事实上，若要选择一种事物价格的降低来减贫，我选能源。
这句话注意“just one thing to lower the price of ”这个句式比较复杂，由于同传时间紧，无法大规模调整语序，汉语又较为松散灵活，可以处理成“选择一种事物价格的降低来......”; “reduce poverty”国内有对应的词，“减贫”。
And so, we're in a wonderful situation with electricity in the rich world.
参考译文： 我们所处的时代很美好，富国拥有电力。
注意在“with”处断句。
But as we make it cheaper -- and let's say, let's go for making it twice as cheap -- we need to meet a new constraint, and that constraint has to do with CO2.
参考译文：但随着电价下降，大约降了一半，我们面临新的限制，那就是碳排放限制。
这里面注意make it twice as cheap,可以直接译为“降了一半”更简洁，而非“比原来便宜两倍”。这里的“constraint”在英英释意中为“control over the way people are allowed to behave, so that they cannot do what they want”，也就是说用电过程中人们不能为所欲为，要对行为有约束，有限制。最后又重复了一遍“and that constraint has to do with CO2 ”，与其直译为“这个限制跟二氧化碳有关”，不如根据背景知识意译为“碳排放限额”或“碳排放限制”。因为这是我们为了减缓气候变化设定的减排目标。
第 178周训练的主题是能源与可持续发展，材料选用了一篇比尔·盖茨的“能源规划”演讲和UNDP中国专家讲述中国能源政策的演讲。小组成员利用英文材料练习了同声传译和限时视译，中文材料练习了笔记和交传，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议：你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。 本日志整理的是比尔·盖茨“Innovating to Zero”演讲的部分内容。视频及文字链接：
