Advanced Week 62-63
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“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk交传小组”，该小组成立于2015年2月。现阶段，小组专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。
本周英译汉的练习材料是世界银行行长Jim Yong Kim博士在美国乔治敦大学的演讲视频（视频网址：
I’m here today to talk to you about the future, about the opportunity to create a world free from the stain of poverty and economic exclusion. My message to you is that such a world is within our reach. But if we are to succeed, we have to make some hard decisions and change the way we work together.
我今天要谈的是未来，是机遇。我们要创造一个世界，免受贫困和经济排斥。这样的世界是触手可及的，但是如果要取得成功，那么就要做出艰难的决定，要改变我们的工作方式。
to create a world free from the stain of poverty and economic exclusion
“free from the stain of”中的“stain”可省译，因“poverty and economic exclusion”本身意为“贫穷与经济排斥”，是“stain”（污点）；
economic exclusion经济排斥。背景补充：经济排斥是指个人和家庭未能有效参与生产、交换和消费等经济活动，表现为劳动力市场排斥，被排斥出消费市场（来源：百度百科
“My message to you is that”时间紧迫时可省译。
Let me start by noting that the crisis which has gripped the global economy over the last four and a half years does not yet show clear signs of abatement. So many green shoots have sprouted and withered in the last year or two that we should be cautious in assessing the future. As recent events in Cyprus demonstrate, it is too early to declare victory. At the same time there is growing evidence that we are on the right track, although there are sure to be some bumps in the road ahead.
首先要指出的是，危机严重影响着全球经济，过去四年半都没有削弱的迹象。许多发展的迹象出现了，但一两年后又衰败了。我们应当谨慎评估未来。最近发生在塞浦路斯的事件表明，要宣布胜利还为时尚早。同时，越来越多的证据表明，我们走在正确的道路上，当然还会有许多挫折。
“Let me start by noting that //the crisis which has grippe（严重影响着）the global economy //over the last four and a half years does not yet show clear signs of abatement”句子本身过长，视译处理时需将句子进行切分（如//所示），整句译作“首先要指出的是，危机严重影响着全球经济，过去四年半都没有削弱的迹象”。
“green shoots”在此可直译为“绿苗”，也可以引申译为“经济复苏的苗头”或“发展的迹象”。
Cyprus塞浦路斯，是地中海东部的一座岛屿。
“although there are sure to be some bumps in the road ahead”中的“although”可译作“当然”，“in the road ahead”在时间紧迫时可省译，因前面讲“我们走在正确的道路上”，后面表转折，说明未来前行的道路上还将面临更多的挫折，因而可省译。
But is there anyone, anywhere, who doubts that the reward will be worth it? Is there anyone who has lived on less than $1.25 a day who would not join me here today in telling you that it is time to end extreme poverty? Is there anyone who has seen the shantytowns of Johannesburg or Addis Ababa or Dhaka or Lima who would not commit to help build a better life for all who live there? Is there anyone here today who would not want to erase this stain from our collective conscience?
但是，难道会有任何人在任何地方质疑回报是否值得吗？难道会有人生活不足1.25美元却不愿意和我一起来告诉各位，是时候要终结极端贫困了？难道会有任何人已见过约翰内斯堡、亚德斯亚贝巴、达卡或利马的棚户区却不愿意致力于帮助构建更美好的生活，服务于所有生活在那里的人？难道今天在这里有任何人不希望抹去这一污点，以洗涤我们的集体良心吗？
本小段的难点在于问句，连续出现了四个问句，意思也在层层递进。处理方式有二：
其一，如参考译文所示，将所有的“is there”译成“难道会有”，然后再顺译下去，整句译文请参照以上参考译文；
其二，先不译疑问语气，之后再补出问句，整句可译为“有人在任何地方质疑回报是否值得，是吗？有人生活不足1.25美元却不愿意和我一起来告诉各位，是时候要终结极端贫困了，是吗？有人已见过约翰内斯堡、亚德斯亚贝巴、达卡或利马的棚户区却不愿意致力于帮助构建更美好的生活，服务于所有生活在那里的人，是吗？有人不希望抹去这一污点，以洗涤我们的集体良心，是吗？”
Focusing on the bottom 40 percent captures the twin elements of shared prosperity: the imperative of economic growth matched with a strong concern for equity. It demands that we worry not just about whether developing economies are expanding, but look directly at whether the welfare of the poorest segment of society is improving. It is an important objective for all countries.
关注底层的40%人口抓住了两个元素，实现共享繁荣：经济增长与高度关注公平。这就要求我们不仅仅要关心发展中的经济体是否在扩大规模，而且要直接关注最贫困阶层的福祉是否得到改善。这是一个重要目标，适用于所有国家。
“captures the twin elements of shared prosperity”中的介词转动词，译作“实现”，整句译作“抓住了两个元素，实现共享繁荣”。
“worry”和“concern”原意为“忧虑”或“担忧”，但也可引申为“关注”、“关心”，可以在中译英时学习使用。
In April 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King was arrested in Birmingham, Alabama, for leading a wave of mass protests designed to force local authorities to speed up desegregation reforms. Many moderate white religious leaders, people who considered themselves allies of the civil rights struggle, disapproved of what they called King’s “extremist” tactics. The day of Dr. King’s arrest, a group of moderate clergymen published a letter in the Birmingham News in which they argued that all thoughtful people knew African-Americans would eventually gain their rights, but that King had acted in ways that were “unwise and untimely” in trying to force change before the time was ripe.
1963年4月，马丁·路德·金博士的被捕是在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰，起因是他领导了一波大规模的抗议活动，目的是迫使地方当局加快废除种族隔离的改革步伐。许多温和派白人宗教领袖，也就是那些自视为盟友，参与民权斗争的人，不同意他们称之为金博士的“极端主义”策略。在金博士被捕的当天，一群教士发表了一封信，刊登在《伯明翰新闻》上。他们说所有有头脑的人都明白美国黑人最终会获得自己的权利，但金博士采取的方式“不明智、不合时宜”，他试图强行改变，但时机还未成熟。
“In April 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King was arrested in Birmingham, Alabama, for leading a wave of mass protests designed to force local authorities to speed up desegregation reforms”一句中的被动（was arrested)变的，译作“……的被捕”，“for”可译作“起因是”，“to force…”译作“目的是迫使……”，整句译文请参照参考译文。
感谢各位出席今晚的招待会。此时我百感交集。二十世纪20年代时任中国驻英国的公使是顾维钧，是我非常敬仰的一位外交家。当有人问他中国人最残酷的一句话是什么时，他说：天下没有不散的筵席。离任就像是席末杯中的那最后一口酒，甘醇中已经有了些许的苦涩。 作为外交官，又是蒙古族人，我是个天生的游牧者，似乎一生都在不断地履新和离别之间徘徊。在布加勒斯特、金边、雅加达、马尼拉和堪培拉，都有过美好的岁月，而每次告别都依依不舍。现在即将离开伦敦和英国，心里更充满了难舍的眷恋。我会怀念在这里结交的许多好朋友，正是在他们的支持和帮助下，我才得以更好地了解英国和英国人民。
Thank you for being here – I have much to say. In the 1920s, the Chinese envoy to the UK was Gu Weijun, a great diplomat whom I highly admire. When he was asked what was the most cruel Chinese saying, he replied: ‘All feasts end’. Leaving is like savoring the last sip of wine at the end of this party. It’s sweet and bitter. As a diplomat and a Mongolian, I am a natural nomad. In my whole life I always get in and out of the offices. In Bucharest, Phnom Penh, Jakarta, Manila, and Canberra, I had good memories and it was always very hard to say goodbye, but leaving here seems even harder. I will miss many friends I have met. With their help, I have better understanding about Britain and its people.
中译英句子处理时，应尽量简洁。
“百感交集”可译作：
I have so much to say.
This is a bitter-sweet occasion for me.
“二十世纪20年代时任中国驻英国的公使是顾维钧，是我非常敬仰的一位外交家”需要注意两点：其一就是本句中的“时任中国驻英国的公使是顾维钧”需注意时态，应译成一般过去时；其二，“是我非常敬仰的一位外交家”可处理成同位语，也可处理成一个独立的小短句，后者译作“I admire him very much”。整句译作“In the 1920s, the Chinese envoy to the UK was Gu Weijun, a great diplomat whom I highly admire”。
“我是个天生的游牧者”可译为：
I am a natural nomad.
I am a natural nomad in nature.
I am a born nomad.
在我任内的三年，两国关系稳步发展。胡锦涛主席和温家宝总理分别来到英国，布朗首相也访问过北京。两国的领导人和部长之间还经常性会晤或打电话，次数之多，几乎数不清了。两国地方之间的交流也日趋频繁。3年来，中国在英投资增长了6倍，留学生和游客人数也在以双位数增长。
My three years in London has witnessed steady development in our bilateral relations. President Hu and Premier Wen visited here and PM Brown went to Beijing. Leaders and ministers of both sides often met and called each other so many times that I almost lost count. Between the two countries, there have been increasing visits. Over the past 3 years, Chinese investment in the UK grew by 6 folds. Students and tourists are increasing at double digits.
“在我任内的三年，两国关系稳步发展”这一句可用英文中常出现的句型：时间+witness/see sth.，表示一段时间内发生了……，整句译作“My 3 years in London have seen two countries have developed their relations steadily”。
“胡锦涛主席和温家宝总理分别来到英国，布朗首相也访问过北京”中的“分别”可省译；“来到”和“访问”意义相同，都可译作“visit”或“go to”，整句译作“President Hu and Premier Wen visited here and PM Brown went to Beijing”。
“英国设计”这几个字在中国是相当有分量的。英国不仅仅是世界金融中心，我访问过英国中东部和中西部地区，对该地区企业世界领先的创意设计能力印象深刻。这与中国强大的制造能力形成了很强的互补，双方应该加强合作，开发巨大的合作潜力。
The word "British designed" carries strong weight in China. The UK is not only the financial centre. I visited the Midlands, the world leading design capability impressed me. China has manufacturing strength. We can complement each other. Both sides need to enhance our cooperation and tap this potential.
相当有分量的 carry strong weight
“我访问过英国中东部和中西部地区，对该地区企业世界领先的创意设计能力印象深刻”中的“英国中东部和中西部地区”也就是“英国的中部地区”，视译时间紧迫时，可直译“中部地区”；下一句则处理成一个独立的句子。整句译作“I visited the Midlands, the world leading design capability impressed me”。
“这与中国强大的制造能力形成了很强的互补”这里也可拆分成两层意思，即“中国有强大的制造能力”和“（我们之间）形成了很强的互补”，因而整句可译为“China has manufacturing strength. We can complement each other”，意思简洁明了。
背景知识：1963 年4月12日，马丁·路德·金和南方基督教领袖会议领导人在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰领导了大规模群众示威游行。金博士本人当天被捕。他在狱中写作了《来自伯明翰监狱的书简》。书简中，他阐述了美国民权运动的初衷、期望和梦想，批驳了对民权运动的种种指责。（来源：百度百科