Advanced Week 186
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“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”,成立于 2015 年 2 月,现阶段,小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练,在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能,从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。
第186周练习的主题为SDG11——可持续城市和社区,英译中的练习是 Seven Principles for Building Better Cities。小组成员利用该材料练习了交替传译、同声传译和限时视译,并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议:你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。本日志整理的是 Seven Principles for Building Better Cities的部分内容。
So let me take you through one exercise. We developed the model for the state of California so they could get on with reducing carbon emissions. We did a whole series of scenarios for how the state could grow, and this is just one overly simplified one. We mixed different development prototypes and said they're going to carry us through the year 2050, 10 million new crew in our state of California. And one was sprawl. It's just more of the same: shopping malls, subdivisions, office parks. The other one was dominated by, not everybody moving to the city, but just compact development, what we used to think of as streetcar suburbs, walkable neighborhoods, low-rise, but integrated, mixed-used environments. And the results are astounding. They're astounding not just for the scale of the difference of this one shift in our city-making habit but also because each one represents a special interest group, a special interest group that used to advocate for their concerns one at a time. They did not see the, what I call, "co-benefits" of urban form that allows them to join with others.
让我来举一个例子。 我们为加州设计了一个模型, 旨在降低碳排放量。 我们做了一系列情景,内容关于加州发展的情景, 这是其中高度简化的一个情景。 我们混合了不同的发展原型, 假定持续直到2050年,一千万新成员将加入加州。其中一种情景就是蔓生。 跟过去的情况差不多: 购物中心、土地分割、 办公园区。 另外一种情景中占主导的, 不是所有人都涌向城市, 而是密集的发展, 比如将郊区的有轨电车搬到市区、 方便散步的社区, 建筑物的层高有限, 但整体密集发展、综合使用的环境。 最后的结果令人震惊。震惊不仅是因为这个情景的不同之处,颠覆了我们的城市设计习惯,而且每种类型都代表了一个特殊利益群体,这些群体过去只关注自己眼前的利益, 而无长远的计划。 他们看不到都市形式的“共同效益”,可以让他们彼此融合。
本材料用于同传训练,亦可作为限时视译的材料。原文段落有186词,根据限时视译一秒钟三词的原则,该段落应该在62秒内完成视译。参考译文为按照三词一译原则顺译的版本。译者也根据上下文的情况采用不同的同传策略,以保证译文的简洁、准确和流畅。
So let me take you through one exercise. 让我来举一个例子。
一听到“exercise”,可能都会下意识想到“练习”、“锻炼”,直接译为“让我来带大家做一个练习”,会过于生硬,更贴切更保险的译法是译为“举一个例子”更好。
We did a whole series of scenarios for how the state could grow, and this is just one overly simplified one.我们做了一系列情景,针对加州的发展, 这是其中高度简化的一个情景。
这里遵照三词一译的原则,为了顺译,将句中的 for译为“针对”,采用了介词转动的技巧。这是同传和视译中十分重要的技巧,关键在于能够顺着演讲者的话译出相关的动词,例如“My desire to be here reflects just how important China has become for the global economy.”可以译为:“我希望来这里,这就反映出中国已变得何等重要,如何影响到全球经济。”(来源:林超伦《实战同传》),这里的“for”则翻译成了“影响”。可见,介词转动的翻译十分灵活。
We mixed different development prototypes and said they're going to carry us through the year 2050, 10 million new crew in our state of California. 我们混合了不同的发展原型, 假定持续直到2050年,一千万新成员将加入加州。
这一句中的“in”介词转动,则翻译为“加入”。
The other one was dominated by, not everybody moving to the city, but just compact development…
另外一种情景中占主导的, 不是所有人都涌向城市, 而是密集的发展……
dominated by译为“占主导的”,采用“被动变的”的同传技巧,指的是听到被动语态,直接将谓语动词转换为“谓语V+的”句式,是可以针对多数谓语动词采用的非常好用的方法。例如,“we are affected by”译为“我们受到的影响有/来自”,“our development are driven by”译为“推动我们发展的是”。
Here's another kind of sprawl: China, high-density sprawl, what you think of as an oxymoron, but the same problems, everything isolated in superblocks, and of course this amazing smog that was just spoken to. Twelve percent of GDP in China now is spent on the health impacts of that. The history, of course, of Chinese cities is robust. It's like any other place. Community was all about small, local shops and local services and walking, interacting with your neighbors. It may sound utopian, but it's not. It's actually what people really want. The new superblocks -- these are blocks that would have 5,000 units in them, and they're gated as well, because nobody knows anybody else. And of course, there isn't even a sidewalk, no ground floor shops -- a very sterile environment. I found this one case here in one of the superblocks where people had illicitly set up shops in their garages so that they could have that kind of local service economy. The desire of people to get it right is there. We just have to get the planners on board and the politicians.
还有另一种蔓生方式, 在中国,高密度的, 你们也许会觉得这有点矛盾, 但其实是一样的问题。 一切都在超级小区隔开, 当然还有雾霾,我刚刚有提到过。 中国GDP总量的12% 用于处理雾霾带来的健康问题。 毫无疑问,中国城市的 发展非常迅猛。 跟其他任何地方一样。 所谓社区,应该有小店铺, 本地化的服务,可以散步,与邻居互动。 听起来不切实际, 但并非遥不可及。 这正是人们真正想要的。新的超级小区—— 这些小区可能有5000户人家住在里面, 大家都门户紧闭,互不相识。当然,也没有散步步道,没有底层商铺, 这是非常无趣的环境。 我发现了一件事,就发生在其中一个超级小区中,人们私自开了商店,地点就在自家车库,为的是能获得本地化服务。人们想让生活更美好,就体现在这点上。我们只是需要让规划者和政治家意识到这点。
Twelve percent of GDP in China now is spent on the health impacts of that.中国GDP总量的12% 用于处理雾霾带来的健康问题。
Be spent on: 不宜译为“被花在……上”,而是“用于、用来”等。
Health impact of that: that这里指的是上文所提到的“雾霾”,应该尽量在理解的基础上译出来。
The new superblocks -- these are blocks that would have 5,000 units in them, and they're gated as well, because nobody knows anybody else. 新的超级小区—— 这些小区可能有5000户人家住在里面, 大家都门户紧闭,互不相识。
“unit”在这里的意思是指单套房子:a single flat/apartment or house in a building or group of buildings containing a number of them;根据上下文可译为有多少“户”人家,忌直接生硬的译为“单元”。
They're gated as well, because nobody knows anybody else. 这里译为“门户紧闭、互不相识”,符合中文喜用四字结构的习惯,平时可注意多积累这样的词汇。注意,英文中承接上下文的一些连词在译为中文时可直接省略,会更加自然流畅,这里直接省略了because甚至是主语等不必要的词。
城市拓展(Urban sprawl,又译“城市蔓延”、“城市蔓生”),或称郊区拓展(Suburban sprawl),俗称摊大饼,是指郊区城市化过程中,城市人口大幅向外发展,侵占城市边缘的乡郊地区并形成低密度、单功能,且通常依赖小汽车的小区。除了描述特定形式的城市化过程外,该术语也常常涉及其社会和环境上的后果。尽管欧洲环境署目前使用“城市蔓延”(urban sprawl)一词,但欧洲大陆常用“边缘城市化”(peri-urbanisation)一词来表示类似的过程。关于什么构成蔓延以及如何量化蔓延存在广泛的分歧。例如,一些评论员只用每英亩的居住单元数来衡量蔓延,但其他人将其与非中心化(没有明确定义的中心的人口扩散)、不连续性(蛙跳式发展,如下定义),功能分离等联系起来。 “城市蔓延”一词常常是政治化的,几乎总是带有负面含义。它被批评造成环境退化、加剧空间分异、破坏现有城市地区的活力,并冲击了审美底线。由于该术语的贬义,很少人会公开支持城市蔓延。该词已经成为呼吁对城市增长(urban growth)实施管理的口号。(来源:维基百科)
知识延伸 Vertical Sprawl: 垂直拓展 Vertical sprawl refers to the unplanned addition of a large number of high-rise buildings in a relatively small area, leading to problems with traffic, parking, and infrastructure, as well as lessening culture and quality of life. Vertical sprawl指在一个相对较小的区域内杂乱无序地增建大量高层建筑,从而导致交通、停车、基础设施等方面的问题,同时还会削弱社区文化并降低生活质量。我们称之为“垂直拓展”。(来源:China Daily)