Advanced Week 170

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。

本周复盘说明

第 170周训练继续关注2030年可持续发展议程，材料选用了一篇关于艾滋病母婴传播的 Ted 演讲和一篇关于中国健康福祉现状的演讲。小组成员利用该材料练习了交替传译、同声传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议：你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。本日志整理的是 Mitchell Besser 的演讲 Mothers helping mothers help HIV 的部分内容。

第 170 周——知识点整理

段落一

This map depicts the global distribution of HIV. And as you can see, Africa has a disproportionate share of the infection. There are 33 million people living with HIV in the world today. Of these, two-thirds, 22 million are living in sub-Saharan Africa. There are 1.4 million pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries living with HIV and of these, 90 percent are in sub-Saharan Africa. We talk about things in relative terms. And I'm going to talk about annual pregnancies and HIV-positive mothers. The United States -- a large country -- each year, 7,000 mothers with HIV who give birth to a child. But you go to Rwanda -- a very small country -- 8,000 mothers with HIV who are pregnant. And then you go to Baragwanath Hospital, outside of Johannesburg in South Africa, and 8,000 HIV-positive pregnant women giving birth -- a hospital the same as a country. And to realize that this is just the tip of an iceberg that when you compare everything here to South Africa, it just pales, because in South Africa, each year 300,000 mothers with HIV give birth to children. (138, 46s)

参考译文

这张地图描绘了全球的HIV分布情况。如你们所见，非洲的感染比例非常高。有3300万人是艾滋病病毒携带者，这是全球范围的数字，但其中有2/3，也就是2200万人生活在撒哈拉以南的非洲。有140万来自中低收入国家的孕妇是HIV感染者，其中有90%居住在撒哈拉以南的非洲。我们说的是相对概念，接下来我要谈谈每年怀孕和HIV抗体呈阳性的母亲。美国，一个大国，每年有7000名HIV感染者生产。卢旺达，一个小国家，则有8000名HIV感染者生产。而巴拉瓦纳特医院，它坐落在南非约翰内斯堡的郊区，在那里就有8000名HIV感染者生产，和一个国家的数量一样多。这只是冰山的一角。在南非，每年有30万感染HIV的母亲生产。

解析

• 本材料用于同传训练，亦可作为限时视译的材料。原文段落有138词，根据限时视译一秒钟三词的原则，该段落应该在46秒内完成视译。参考译文为按照三词一译原则顺译的版本。译者也根据上下文的情况采用不同的同传策略，以保证译文的简洁、准确和流畅。

• And as you can see, Africa has a disproportionate share of the infection.

  • 参考译文：如你们所见，非洲的感染比例非常高。

  • 讲者的演讲配合PPT (如上图)，观众可以从PPT中看到全球的HIV感染数据。译者可以有效利用PPT，将 a disproportionate share 处理为 “比例非常高” 。

• There are 1.4 million pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries living with HIV

  • 参考译文：有140万来自中低收入国家的孕妇是HIV感染者

  • 这里听到pregnant women时可以先不译，在听到low- and middle-income countries时再出，先存后译，让译文更符合中文语序。

• And then you go to Baragwanath Hospital, outside of Johannesburg in South Africa, and 8,000 HIV-positive pregnant women giving birth -- a hospital the same as a country.

  • 参考译文：而巴拉瓦纳特医院，它坐落在南非约翰内斯堡的郊区，在那里就有8000名HIV感染者生产，和一个国家的数量一样多。

  • 句中outside of Johannesburg in South Africa 采取补充动词的方法，译为 “坐落在南非约翰内斯堡的郊区” 。

• And to realize that this is just the tip of an iceberg that when you compare everything here to South Africa, it just pales, because in South Africa, each year 300,000 mothers with HIV give birth to children.

  • 参考译文：这只是冰山的一角。在南非，每年有30万感染HIV的母亲生产。

  • 结合上文，这句是说和南非全国的HIV感染者数量相比，巴拉瓦纳特医院只是冰山一角，如果和全国的情况相比就相形见绌了。但从信息上来说， “冰山一角” 已经暗示了南非全国的感染者数量庞大，再加上下文直接给出了南非全国感染HIV母亲的数量，因此这里为了同传时语流自然流畅，可以弃卒保车，直接丢掉 when you compare everything here to South Africa, it just pales。

段落二

We view mothers as a community's single greatest resource. Mothers take care of the children, take care of the home. So often the men are gone. They're working, or they're not part of the household. Our organization, mothers2mothers, enlists women with HIV as care providers. We bring mothers who have HIV, who've been through these PMTCT programs in the very facilities, to come back and work side by side with doctors and nurses as part of the health care team. These mothers, we call them mentor mothers, are able to engage women who, just like themselves, pregnant with babies, have found out about being HIV-positive, who need support and education. (110, 37s)

参考译文

我们将母亲看作社区最重要的资源。她们照料孩子和家庭。男人们往往不在身边，他们工作或是不参与家庭活动。我们的组织，mother2mothers，将感染HIV的女性列为照料人员。她们参加过PMTCT项目，我们让她们和医生护士一起并肩工作，组成医护团队。这些母亲也被称为指导员母亲。她们能够吸引和她们一样的女性--这些女性怀孕了，并且HIV抗体呈阳性，亟需支持和教育。

解析

• We bring mothers who have HIV, who've been through these PMTCT programs in the very facilities, to come back and work side by side with doctors and nurses as part of the health care team.

  • 参考译文：她们参加过PMTCT项目，我们让她们和医生护士一起并肩工作，组成医护团队。

  • we bring mothers who have HIV中who have HIV可以丢掉不翻，因为上文已经提到了这些女性是HIV感染者。同时这一句采取先存后译，先翻后面的从句部分 who’ve been through these PMTCT programs，再翻 we bring。

  • In the very facilities加强语气，在时间紧张的情况下可以弃卒保车，直接扔掉。

  • as part of the health care team介词变动，译为 “组成医护团队” 。

补充材料

• HIV-positive: HIV抗体阳性

• HIV-negative: HIV抗体阴性

• people living with HIV 艾滋病病毒携带者

• HIV exposed infants 艾滋病病毒感染母亲所生婴儿

• PMTCT (Prevention of mother-to-child transmission) 预防母婴传播

  解析

  使用default翻译时谨记不能逐词对应，而是应该结合语境，在理解的基础上灵活处理。比如HIV-positive mothers可译为HIV抗体呈阳性的母亲、感染HIV的母亲；HIV-negative babies可简单处理为健康婴儿。