Advanced Week 107
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“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。 96 周起，小组全面引入 CATTI 新版二口教材的训练，时间为每天晚上 8 点到 9 点，训练期间播放录音、记笔记，在空白处按暂停键后做口译，用 QQ 发群语音，然后对照文档，查找漏译和错译的部分，标出口译时较为困难的词汇和表达，随时发到群里；每天早上 6 点到 7 点训练复述。
第 107 周训练材料选自 BBC World Service 推出的 50 Things That Made the Modern Economy，主题为 the warrior monks who invented banking。小组成员利用该材料练习了复述，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议：你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。本日志整理的是第 107 周练习的内容。
On London's busy Fleet Street, opposite Chancery Lane, is a stone arch through which anyone may step, and travel back in time. A quiet courtyard houses a strange, circular chapel and a statue of two knights sharing a single horse. The chapel is Temple Church, consecrated in 1185 as the London home of the Knights Templar. But Temple Church is not just an important architectural, historical and religious site. It is also London's first bank. The Knights Templar were warrior monks. A religious order, with a theologically inspired hierarchy, mission statement, and code of ethics, but also heavily armed and dedicated to holy war. How did they get into the banking game?
stone arch石拱门
house：在此用做动词，表示“有……”。
a circular chapel 一个圆形礼拜堂
consecrate 奉献；使神圣；供神用；献身于
Knights Templar 圣殿骑士团
warrior monks 武士僧侣
mission statement 使命宣言
code of ethics 道德规范
heavily armed 全副武装
dedicated to 献身于
get into 进入；陷入；卷入
The Templars dedicated themselves to the defence of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem. The city had been captured by the first crusade in 1099 and pilgrims began to stream in, travelling thousands of miles across Europe. Those pilgrims needed to somehow fund months of food and transport and accommodation, yet avoid carrying huge sums of cash around, because that would have made them a target for robbers. Fortunately, the Templars had that covered. A pilgrim could leave his cash at Temple Church in London, and withdraw it in Jerusalem. Instead of carrying money, he would carry a letter of credit. The Knights Templar were the Western Union of the crusades.
crusade 十字军东侵/征（是欧洲的基督教徒所组织的军队，它的目的是要从回教徒手中将耶路撒冷抢回来。）
stream in 蜂拥而入；涌入；络绎进入
Western Union：拿现在的西联汇款公司打了个比方，即“这个圣殿骑士团就好比十字军专属的西联汇款公司”。
The Templars were not the first organisation in the world to provide such a service. Several centuries earlier, Tang dynasty China used "feiquan" - flying money - a two-part document allowing merchants to deposit profits in a regional office, and reclaim their cash back in the capital. But that system was operated by the government. Templars were much closer to a private bank - albeit one owned by the Pope, allied to kings and princes across Europe, and run by a partnership of monks sworn to poverty. The Knights Templar did much more than transferring money across long distances. As William Goetzmann describes in his book Money Changes Everything, they provided a range of recognisably modern financial services. If you wanted to buy a nice island off the west coast of France - as King Henry III of England did in the 1200s with the island of Oleron, north-west of Bordeaux - the Templars could broker the deal. Henry III paid £200 a year for five years to the Temple in London, then when his men took possession of the island, the Templars made sure that the seller got paid.
reclaim their cash back：reclaim指obtain the return of，译作要回他们的钱
albeit 尽管
sworn to poverty：宣誓永不发家致富。引申：swear somebody to something。
buy off 购买
broker the deal促成这笔交易
protect someone against something 保护某人不受某物的（影响）
verify the identity 验证身份
Tang dynasty China 中国唐代
deposit profits in a regional office 把钱存在当地
pay £200 a year for five years：每年付 200 块付 5 年，这种看似简单的表述也要重视。
take possession：to start to own something，指占有，拥有。
And in the 1200s, the Crown Jewels were kept at the Temple as security on a loan, the Templars operating as a very high-end pawn broker. The Knights Templar were not Europe's bank forever, of course. The order lost its reason to exist after European Christians completely lost control of Jerusalem in 1244, and the Templars were eventually disbanded in 1312. So who would step into the banking vacuum? If you had been at the great fair of Lyon in 1555, you could have seen the answer. Lyon's fair was the greatest market for international trade in all Europe. Sophisticated exchange But at this particular fair, gossip was starting to spread about an Italian merchant who was there, and making a fortune. He bought and sold nothing: all he had was a desk and an inkstand. Day after day he sat there, receiving other merchants and signing their pieces of paper, and somehow becoming very rich. The locals were very suspicious.
the Crown Jewels 皇冠上的宝石
as a security on a loan 作为抵押款
a high-end pawn broker 高端典当经纪人
lost its reason to exist 丧失存在的理由
lost control of 丧失控制权
disband 解散
step into 进入
the banking vacuum：vacuum指“空间”，类似于“领域sector”。
making a fortune 发财致富
inkstand 墨水
be suspicious 怀疑
