Advanced Week 156

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。 96 周起，小组全面引入 CATTI 新版二口教材的训练，时间为每天晚上 8 点到 9 点，训练期间播放录音、记笔记，在空白处按暂停键后做口译，用 QQ 发群语音，然后对照文档，查找漏译和错译的部分，标出口译时较为困难的词汇和表达，随时发到群里；每天早上 6 点到 7 点训练复述。

本周复盘说明

第 156 周训练材料为交替传译和复述，本日志整理的是复述材料 2018 Breakthrough of the Year 的部分内容。

第 156 周——复述材料知识点整理

段落一

Every year, reporters and editors at Science choose nine runners-up and one breakthrough of the year – they look for the most significant scientific discoveries, developments and trends. But before we get to the breakthrough, here are the runners-up.

解析

• runner-up: the competitor that does not win first place in a contest (especially one that finishes in second place) 亚军；第二名；非冠军获得者

• breakthrough 突破性进展

• scientific discoveries, developments and trends

• before we get to sth (get to: to be ready to begin or deal with)

段落二

Until recently, sexual harassment in science has been underreported and largely ignored. But 2018 brought signs of change. Several institutions upheld allegations against prominent scientists accused of sexual harassment, discrimination, and bullying. And the U.S. National Academies of Science issued a report, calling for systemic changes to prevent such abuse.

解析

• Until recently, sexual harassment in science has been underreported and largely ignored. 直到最近，科学界对性骚扰的还少之又少，而且基本上被忽视了。

  • underreport: to report to be less than is actually the case

  • largely ignored 副词+过去分词/形容词

• 2018 brought signs of change. 时间+谓语（bring, see, witness, ...）表示某一段时间发生了某事。

• uphold: to defend or support a law, system, or principle so that it continues to exist

• allegations against sb (allegation: a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal, but that has not been proved)

• prominent/important scientists杰出的科学家

• the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 美国国家科学院

• issue a report

段落三

And now, for the breakthrough of the year: From at least the time of Hippocrates, biologists have been transfixed by a mystery – how does a single cell develop into an adult animal with multiple organs and billions of cells? Now, a combination of technologies is allowing scientists to track the development of organisms and organs in stunning detail, cell by cell, through time. They can see when genes in individual cells switch on, cueing the cells to play their specialized parts. The techniques are like having the sheet music used by an orchestra that indicates when the strings, the brass, percussion, woodwinds should chime in to create a symphony. These groundbreaking studies have already mapped cell fate in organisms from zebrafish to mice, and more is sure to come. Science is recognizing this combination of technologies and its potential for spurring advances in basic research and medicine as the 2018 Breakthrough of the Year.

解析

• transfix: [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) make sb unable to move, think or speak because of fear, astonishment, etc 使某人（因恐惧﹑ 惊愕等）不能动弹﹑ 思想或说话

• an adult animal 成年动物

• a combination of technologies 技术组合，一组技术

• in stunning detail (stunning: extremely attractive or beautiful; very surprising or shocking)

• They can see when genes in individual cells switch on, cueing the cells to play their specialized parts:

  • switch on: If you switch on a light or other electrical device, you make it start working by operating a switch. 用开关开启

  • cue: to give someone a sign that it is the right moment for them to speak or do something, especially during a performance（尤指在表演中）提示

• sheet music: music that is printed on single sheets and not fastened together inside a cover活页乐谱

• the strings弦乐器, the brass铜管乐器, percussion打击乐器, woodwinds木管乐器

• chime in: If you chime in, you say something just after someone else has spoken. 插话

• groundbreaking 开创性的

• cell fate: 细胞在发生可识别的形态变化之前，就因受到约束而向特定方向分化，确定了其未来的发育命运

• sth is sure to come 某事一定会发生

• spur/encourage advances in sth