Advanced Week 198
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“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”,成立于 2015 年 2 月,现阶段,小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练,在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能,从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。
第 198 周训练的主题为:金融技术。英译中练习的是麻省理工学院教授Robert C. Merton在2018年麻省理工学院中国峰会发表的“金融创新”的主题演讲。小组成员利用该材料练习了同传和视译,并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议:你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。
So you know a well-functioning financial system is essential for growth and stability of a country and there a variety of reasons for that, but sometimes we forget it. We have this thing that sometimes called the dichotomy. If you don't know what that is in this context, let me tell you. It says there's the real economy and then there's the financial economy. There's Main Street, Wall Street, and they're different and they're separate, and it's talked about. I'm here to say that only exists in the fiction of outdated macro textbooks. Okay.
所以,大家都知道,一个运作良好的金融体系很关键,影响着一个国家的发展和稳定,这里面有很多原因。但是有时我们会忘记,有个东西叫二分法。如果你不知道我在这里说的二分法是什么意思,请听我解释。我们有实体经济,又有金融经济。我们有中产阶级,有华尔街。他们是不一样的,也是独立的。就是这样,我想告诉大家的是,这只存在于假设中,在过时的宏观经济学教科书里的假设中。
So you know a well-functioning financial system is essential for growth and stability of a country. 大家都知道,一个运作良好的金融体系很关键,影响着一个国家的发展和稳定。
这里采用了介词转动的技巧,把“for”译为动词“影响”。
Main Street: used in reference to the materialism, mediocrity, or parochialism regarded as typical of small-town life. 这里指的是美国的主流中产阶级;译为“中产阶级”,也可以按照“原话直译”的技巧直接译为“大街”、“主体街”等,与“华尔街”相对应,另外,这里正好对应上文提到的“实体经济”与“金融经济”。
And indeed the two are inexorably linked. Robert Solow, 1987 Nobel Prize, Economics MIT, my professor, then my colleague, received his prize for showing that growth did not occur as a response to the traditional belief which was population growth or frugality, high savings rates. Instead he showed that it was technological progress that drove growth and that was a very insightful thing and not had not been understood. But we have terrific technology in the labs at MIT. If you haven't been back, you know, if you get a big head anytime, walk around MIT, it deflates pretty fast. Okay. We have fabulous technologies there, but if that technology does not find its way into the broad economy to be used, we'll never see any growth from that technology for the economy. And that's where finance comes in. Finance’s role is to make sure or help get that technology broadly into the economy. Now to sort of show you this, I took the example from the life sciences drug discovery, okay?
实际上,两者是紧密联系在一起的。罗伯特•索洛,1987年的诺贝尔经济学奖得主,他是麻省理工学院的经济学家,也是我的教授,后来是我的同事,他获奖是因为提出了,发展的发生并非传统观念所认为的那样,该观念认为,人口增长或节俭,即高储蓄率会推动发展。相反,他认为是技术进步推动了发展,这是非常具有远见卓识的观点,但是当时并未被理解。但我们有很棒的技术,就在麻省理工学院的实验室里。如果你没有回去过,什么时候觉得自己自大了,到麻省理工走一圈,你很快就会泄气了。我们有很棒的技术,但是如果这些技术无法进入广泛的经济领域,我们就永远无法看到技术对经济的促进作用。这就需要金融。金融的作用就是确保或帮助将该技术运用于广泛的经济。为了向大家说明这一点,我们以生命科学里的新药研发为例,好吧?
Robert Solow, 1987 Nobel Prize, Economics MIT, my professor, then my colleague, received his prize for showing that growth did not occur as a response to the traditional belief which was population growth or frugality, high savings rates.
罗伯特•索洛,1987年的诺贝尔经济学奖得主,他是麻省理工学院的经济学家,也是我的教授,后来是我的同事,他获奖是因为提出了,发展的发生并非传统观念所认为的那样,该观念认为,人口增长或节俭,即高储蓄率会推动发展。
received his prize for showing…:这里的for介词转动,表示原因是可译为“是因为”。
That was a very insightful thing and not had not been understood. 这是非常具有远见卓识的观点,但是当时并未被理解。 这里注意“had”是表示过去,因此要译出原文的意思:“当时未被理解”。
I took the example from the life sciences drug discovery. 我们以生命科学里的新药研发为例。 这里采用“先存后译”的技巧,即把听到的名词存在短期记忆中,后面找机会及时补上。需要采用此法的常见表达还有the role of…, the responsibility of…,the importance of…,the opportunity of…等等。
另外,drug discovery指“药物研发”,不应直译为“药物发现”。
big head (plural big heads) An inflated ego, an exaggerated belief in one's own importance. He has gotten a little success, and a big head to go with it. 表示自大的人。
deflate: to make somebody feel less confident; to make somebody/ something feel or seem less important 使泄气;挫败…的锐气 All the criticism had left her feeling totally deflated. 所有这些批评使她彻底失去了信心。
T检验 亦称student t检验(Student's t test),主要用于样本含量较小(例如n < 30),总体标准差σ未知的正态分布。T检验是用t分布理论来推论差异发生的概率,从而比较两个平均数的差异是否显著(significant)。
Standard Deviation 标准差 简单而言,标准差反映的是个体样本离平均值的距离,比如平均值是50,SD是400,那说明样本的整体分布离平均值很远,这个平均值无法代表样本的总体情况。
Main Street vs Wall Street Main Street一语出自美国第一位诺贝尔文学奖获得者辛克莱刘易斯发表于1920年的同名小说(中译为《大街》)。在美国各地的小城镇,Main Street不仅是贯穿城镇的主要街道,也是居民购物、社交、观看年度游行的场所,这与美国城镇的形成过程有关。一些较大的城市可能有几条Main Street,每一条都是针对城市下属的一个区域空间而言的。Main Street一词在20世纪中进入美国的政治舞台,当时的共和党用Wall Street来描述自由派,以Main Street来代指保守派。2004年总统竞选时,民主党副总统候选人约翰•爱德华兹以平民主义的思想提出竞选纲领,主要就是Wall Street 和 Main Street的两元经济论(Economic Dichotomy),这也是他在2008年再度竞选时的主要理念。自2004年开始,Wall Street 和 Main Street的含义基本就定位在:Wall Street指包括金融、投资在内的美国的巨型企业和富人的阶层,表征富有阶层的利益或是少数富人的利益;Main Street是指小企业、小作坊和平民阶层,即表征平民阶层或社会主要群体的利益,Main Street群体带有强烈的中产阶级性质。