Advanced Week 205

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。

本周复盘说明

第 205 周训练的主题为：联合国最后一个可持续发展目标：Partnerships for the Goals，主要涉及可持续发展与社会责任等话题。英译中练习的是宜家首席可持续发展官(Chief Sustainability Officer) Steve Howard的“Let's go all-in on selling sustainability”主题演讲。小组成员利用该材料练习了交传、同传和视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议：你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。

第 205 周——知识点整理

段落一

But first, let's think of customers. We know from asking people from China to the U.S. that the vast majority of people care about sustainability after the day-to-day issues, the day-to-day issues of, how do I get my kids to school? Can I pay the bills at the end of the month? Then they care about big issues like climate change. But they want it to be easy, affordable and attractive, and they expect business to help, and they're a little bit disappointed today.【84/28S】

参考译文

但首先，让我们考虑一下顾客。我们知道，在调查了顾客之后发现，从中国到美国，绝大多数人关心可持续发展，仅次于对日常生活的关心。日常问题就是，我怎么让孩子去上学？我能付得起账单，度过这个月底吗？其次，他们关心的就是重大问题，比如气候变化。但他们想要这个过程简单、可负担和吸引人，他们期待商家能够出力，但他们有点失望了。

解析

• We know from asking people from China to the U.S. that the vast majority of people care about sustainability after the day-to-day issues. 我们知道，在调查了顾客之后发现，从中国到美国，绝大多数人关心可持续发展，仅次于对日常生活的关心。

  • 在视译练习中，为了顺译，“after”，一般翻译为“在这之前”，这里可灵活处理为“仅次于”；同理，遇到“before”，则可以译为“之后/在这之后”等。

段落二

Let's take the LED. The LED is the next best thing to daylight. The old-fashioned lightbulbs, the incandescent bulbs -- I'm not going to ask for a show of hands of how many of you still have them in your homes, wasting energy every time you switch them on -- change them after this -- or whether we have them on the stage here at TED or not -- but those old incandescent light bulbs really should have been sold as heaters. They were mis-sold for more than a hundred years. They produced heat and a little bit of light on the side. Now we have lights that produce light and a little bit of heat on the side. You save 85 percent of the electricity with an LED that you would have done in an old incandescent. And the best thing is, they'll also last for more than 20 years. So think about that. You'll change your smartphone seven or eight times, probably more if you're in this audience. You'll change your car, if you have one, three or four times. Your kids could go to school, go to college, go away and have kids of their own, come back, bring the grandkids, you'll have the same lightbulb saving you energy. So LEDs are fantastic. What we decided to do was not to sell LEDs on the side marked up high and continue to push all the old bulbs, the halogens and the CFLs. We decided, over the next two years, we will ban the halogens and the CFLs ourselves. We will go all in. And this is what business needs to do: go all-in, go 100 percent, because then you stop investing in the old stuff, you invest in the new stuff, you lower costs, you use your supply chain and your creativity and you get the prices down so everybody can afford the best lights so they can save energy. 【353/118S】

参考译文

让我们看看 LED产品。 LED 仅次于日光。老式灯泡，那种白炽灯泡...... 我当然不会让你们举手告诉我，你们中的多少人家里还用白炽灯泡，那是在浪费能源，每次开关都如此，然后让你们换掉它；也不是问是否我们的TED 讲台上有白炽灯泡。那些老式白炽灯泡，真的应该当作加热器卖。它们被误卖了一百多年啊。这种灯泡产生热量，只发出微弱的光。现在我们的灯可以发出亮光，只产生少量热。你可以节省 85%的能源，使用 LED灯泡比旧式白炽灯泡可以省这么多。最棒的是，它们可以使用超过20年。所以好好想想吧！二十年里，你可能更换手机都有七八次了，甚至更多次，如果是在座的各位的话；你换车，如果有车的话，可能都换了三四次了。你的孩子可能开始上学，上大学，离家，有了自己的孩子，然后回来，带着你的孙子来看你，你都还在使用一样的灯泡节能。所以说，LED灯泡很神奇。我们决定的出售LED的方式并不是涨价，慢慢把所有旧灯泡、卤素和荧光灯管淘汰。我们决定在未来两年间，将不再生产卤素和荧光灯管。我们将全力以赴。这是企业需要做的：全力以赴， 投入百分百的精力。 因为这样你就可以停止投资于老式产品，投资新产品，就可以降低成本。利用你自己的供应链和创造力，你就可以降低价格，让人们可以买得起最好的灯泡，从而节能。

解析

• Next best thing to: 仅次于；

• 关于灯的几个术语：

  • LED (light-emitting diode):

  • LED 节能灯；

  • Incandescent bulbs: 白炽灯；

  • Halogen lamps: 卤素灯，简称为卤素泡或者卤素灯，是白炽灯的一个变种。

  • CFL (Fluorescent lamp)：荧光灯，也称为日光灯。注意：原文的daylight则指的是日光，而不是日光灯(CFL)。

• You save 85 percent of the electricity with an LED that you would have done in an old incandescent. 你可以节省 85%的能源，使用 LED灯泡比旧式白炽灯泡可以省这么多。 要做到三词一译，这里使用了“重复谓语”的技巧，重复了“节省”。

• What we decided to do was not to sell LEDs on the side marked up high.我们决定的出售LED方式并不是涨价。

  • To mark up: to increase the price of something, especially something that you bought for a lower price; 加价

  • mark-up (n.): Markup (or price spread) is the difference between the selling price of a good or service and cost. It is often expressed as a percentage over the cost; （基于成本价与销售价之间差价的）加成；

  • 这里采用的技巧是“反话正说”，把“not to sell on the side marked up high”，译为“销售的方式并不是加价/抬高价格”。

• We decided, over the next two years, we will ban the halogens and the CFLs ourselves. 我们决定在未来两年间，将不再生产卤素和荧光灯管。

  • 这里的“ban”从“宜家”这个家居厂商的角度出发，指的是不再生产或使用卤素灯等，如果翻译为“禁止”可能不太恰当，因为它们没有权利去禁止大家使用什么灯泡。

段落三

It's not just about products in people's homes. We've got to think about the raw materials that produce our products. Obviously there's fantastic opportunities with recycled materials, and we can and will go zero waste. And there's opportunities in a circular economy. But we're still dependent on natural, raw materials. Let's take cotton. Cotton's brilliant. Probably many people are wearing cotton right now. It's a brilliant textile in use. It's really dirty in production. It uses lots of pesticides, lots of fertilizer, lots of water. So we've worked with others, with other businesses and NGOs, on the Better Cotton Initiative, working right back down to the farm, and there you can halve the amount of water and halve the chemical inputs, the yields increase, and 60 percent of the costs of running many of these farms with farmers with low incomes can be chemical imports. Yields increase, and you halve the input costs. Farmers are coming out of poverty. They love it. Already hundreds of thousands of farmers have been reached, and now we've got 60 percent better cotton in our business. Again, we're going all-in. By 2015, we'll be 100 percent Better Cotton. 【194/65S】

参考译文

它不仅仅是产品，用在家里的产品。我们得想想原材料，可以用来生产产品。很显然我们有很大的机会可以使用再生材料，我们能够做到零浪费，还有机会运用在循环经济中。但我们仍然依赖于天然的原材料。就说棉花吧。棉花可是个好东西。可能很多人正穿着棉质衣服。这是非常棒的纺织原材料。但是生产棉花的过程却很脏。棉花的生产需要大量的农药、 化肥和水。所以我们与其他人合作，与其他企业和非政府组织合作，发起了“良棉倡议组织”。直接和农场合作，让用水量减半，让化学投入减半，提高产量。60％的农场经营成本，对于很多低收入的家庭而言，都用在购买化学进口产品上。产量提高，同时你的投入可以减半。农民可以脱贫。他们喜欢这样的方案。已经有成千上万的农民脱贫了。我们现在呢，就有了60%更优质的棉花用在商业中。 这一次，我们还是全力以赴。到2015 年，我们会100%使用更优质的棉花。

解析

• circular economy: 循环经济；

• come out of poverty: 脱贫；上文还提到一个意思相近的短语：bring people out of poverty;

• yields: 产量

• So we've worked with others, with other businesses and NGOs, on the Better Cotton Initiative. 所以我们与其他人合作，与其他企业和非政府组织合作，发起了“良棉倡议组织”。

  • 这里使用“介词转动”的译法，将“on”译为提出或发起，使用此方法可根据后面接的汉语来搭配常用的动词，比如用“提出/发起”可以搭配“倡议”。

  • 注意专业术语的准确性，做口译时可能无法做到像笔译那样可以专门去查机构名称等专业术语的官方译法，但是可以在平时练习的时候多总结，多了解相关背景，在真正实战时力求准确。如：

• Better Cotton Initiative: 良棉倡议组织；宜家是良棉倡议组织（BCI）的发起成员之一。该组织是一个全球性多方机构，旨在促进全球植棉方法为棉农、植棉地和棉业行业的未来带来更大的益处。良棉倡议组织正在制定全球认可的“良棉”标准。其主要成员为跨国公司和非政府组织（来源：宜家官网）。