Advanced Week 135

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。 96 周起，小组全面引入 CATTI 新版二口教材的训练，时间为每天晚上 8 点到 9 点，训练期间播放录音、记笔记，在空白处按暂停键后做口译，用 QQ 发群语音，然后对照文档，查找漏译和错译的部分，标出口译时较为困难的词汇和表达，随时发到群里；每天早上 6 点到 7 点训练复述。

本周复盘说明

第 135 周训练材料选自第 8 单元经济论坛第二篇英译汉口译练习。小组成员利用该材料练习了交替传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。本日志整理的是第 135 周英译汉练习的内容。

第 135 周——英译汉知识点整理

段落一

The picture has change, and this year could turn out to be a disappointing year for the global economy. Global growth has been revised downwards and is now expected at 2.6% this year, only marginally up from 2.4% last year. Over the past three years, forecasts have been following a pattern of repeated revisions, pointing towards a systematic underestimation of global headwinds and inadequacies of policy responses. Sentiments are clearly changing, and in my view this raises questions over the fundamentals in developed countries.

参考译文

局面已经发生变化，今年全球经济可能会令人失望。全球增长预测下调，目前预计今年增长率为 2.6%，去年为 2.4%，略有回升。过去三年间，增长预测一直呈现出重复的模式，这体现出许多方面都低估了全球阻力，政策的应对能力也不足。人们的情绪明显在改变，我认为，这对发达国家基本面提出了质疑。

解析

• picture: a description of a situation, or the situation itself.

• This year could turn out to be a disappointing year for the global economy. 今年全球经济可能会令人失望。This year作主语，could turn out to be注意情态动词could表示“可能性”。

• be revised downwards 下调

• revise: to change something because of new information or ideas

• revision: the act of changing or correcting something, or the thing that has been changed or corrected.

• only marginally up from 2.4% last year 用于描述动态变化，marginally，一点点，略微，近义词 slightly/a little bit。

• point towards 指向，表明

• a systematic underestimation of global headwinds各个方面都低估了全球阻力

  • systematic: a systemic problem or change is a basic one, experienced by the whole of an organization or a country and not just particular parts of it

• inadequacies of policy responses政策应对力不足

• sentiment: a thought, opinion, or idea based on a feeling about a situation, or a way of thinking about something 情绪，观点

• This raises questions over the fundamentals in developed countries.

  • raise questions over 对……提出质疑，质疑……

  • fundamentals in developed countries 发达国家的基本面，请注意使用的介词in。

段落二

There are certainly some cyclical headwinds. As global financial conditions are set to tighten, developing countries have to step up their level of preparedness and strengthen resilience to adjust to the new monetary policy environment. But there are also structural issues at play. As most emerging economies are facing capacity constraints, stronger growth will require accelerated reforms. Despite high growth rates in the last decades, low-income countries could feel the headwinds and could become vulnerable to a slowdown in the rest of the world. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa is still showing strong growth rates, but the cooling down in high-income and emerging economies like China as well as other external shocks could have an adverse impact.

参考译文

确实存在周期性不利因素。（随着/由于）全球金融环境进一步收紧，发展中国家必须要做好准备并加强抵御能力来应对新的货币政策环境。但是结构性问题仍然存在。大多数新兴经济体面临着产能制约，要实现更强劲的增长需要加快改革步伐。尽管过去几十年里低收入国家实现了高速增长，但它们仍感受到阻力，容易受到其他国家增速放缓的影响。比如，撒哈拉以南的非洲呈现出高速增长，但是高收入国家，包括中国在内的新兴市场的增长降温以及外部冲击可能会对其产生不利影响。

解析

• cyclical headwind 周期性不利因素

• headwind: a wind blowing in the opposite direction to the one you are moving in. 不利因素，阻力

• As global financial conditions are set to tighten, 随着/由于全球金融环境进一步收紧。

  • be set to do sth 很有可能（be likely to do）；决心做……

  • tighten: to become tighter or to make something become tighter, firmer, or less easy to move.

• As most emerging economies are facing capacity constraints, stronger growth will require accelerated reforms. 与上句是相似的用法。

  • accelerated reforms 加速改革，加快改革步伐

  • capacity constraints 产能制约，生产力不足

• step up their level of preparedness 做好准备

• strengthen resilience 加强抵御能力/适应能力

• But there are also structural issues at play.

• at play 在玩耍，发挥作用

• Despite high growth rates in the last decades, low-income countries could feel the headwinds and could become vulnerable to a slowdown in the rest of the world.

  • feel the headwinds 感受到阻力。

  • could become vulnerable to a slowdown in the rest of the world 更易受到其他国家增长放缓的影响，could do 表示一种“可能性”，翻译的时候要将“可能”的概念译出来。比如下文的 could have an adverse impact 要翻译为可能会产生负面影响。

• show strong growth rates 显现出强劲的增长率

• cooling down 增速降温

段落三

I want to highlight a few areas that are of risks. First, commodity prices. Growing concern over a slowdown in the Euro area and emerging economies---including China, a strong U.S. dollar, a well-supplied oil market and good crop prospects have contributed to a weakening of many commodity prices since the summer. The World Bank energy price index declined by about 6% during the third quarter after being broadly stable in the first half of the year. While lower commodity prices will help ease balance of payments pressures in food and energy importing countries, but commodity-exporting countries may feel the pinch because of lower export earnings.

参考译文

我想着重说明几个存在风险的领域。首先，大宗商品价格。人们越来越担忧欧元区和包括中国在内的新兴经济体增速放缓，美元坚挺，石油市场供应充足，农作物丰收在望。这些因素导致自夏季以来许多大宗商品价格疲软。世界银行能源价格指数在第三季度下降了约6%，上半年保持平稳。尽管大宗商品价格下跌有助于缓解粮食及能源进口国的国际收支压力，但由于出口收入降低，大宗商品出口国仍会受到影响。

解析

• commodity prices

  • commodity: in economics, a commodity is an economic good or service that has full of substantial fungibility. Most commodities are raw materials, basic resources, agricultural, or mining products, such as iron ore, sugar, or grains like rice and wheat. Commodities can also be mass-produced unspecialized products such as chemicals and computer memory.在经济学中，大宗商品是指具有可替换性的经济产品或服务，主要分为三类：原材料、基础原材料和农副产品。

• good crop prospects 农作物丰收在望。注意prospect作动词时，还有挖掘、勘探矿藏之意。

• a weakening of many commodity prices/ lower commodity prices 大宗商品价格下跌

• The World Bank energy price index //declined by about 6% //during the third quarter //after being broadly stable// in the first half of the year.

  • World Bank energy price index 世界银行能源价格指数

  • decline by about 6% 下降约6%，decline to 6% 下降到6%。

• may feel the pinch 可能会感到手头拮据，处境艰难。

• help ease balance of payments pressures 帮助缓解收支压力，注意help的用法，help do sth 语气更加委婉严谨，如果缺少help，可能含义会有所改变。