Advanced Week 79
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“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk交传小组”,该小组成立于2015年2月。现阶段,小组专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练,在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能,从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。
第79周英译汉训练的材料为美国副总统迈克·彭斯在肯尼迪航天中心的演讲。他称,美国将重返月球,并且会让美国人登上火星,并认为美国的领导人有强有力的远见和领导力,因而会在太空中再次领先。(视频链接: 及文本网址:
Here, the crew of Apollo 11 set sail for the Sea of Tranquility on the moon. Here, you launched America’s Space Shuttles and America’s astronauts to orbit this Blue Marble. Here, the Hubble Space Telescope, the New Horizons, and so many other technological wonders lifted off from Earth to give us a glimpse of our fellow planets, the distant stars, and the infinite galaxies that are a window into our very past. And from this “Bridge to Space”, our nation will return to the Moon, and we will put American boots on the face of Mars. (Applause.) My friends, the missions that began at the Kennedy Space Center are carved into the mantle of American greatness. And more than that, they’re etched into the hearts and minds of the American people.
阿波罗11号的宇航员飞向了静海。在这里发射了航天飞机,进入蓝色宝石轨道。在这里有哈勃望远镜等众多技术奇迹,从地球腾空,使我们能看到其它星球和无垠的银河系。它们就像是一扇窗户,让我们了解过去。在这座通往太空之桥上,我们会重返月桥,让美国人登上火星。朋友们,使命始于肯尼迪航天中心,已铸就了美国的伟大,也刻入到美国人民的心中。
set sail for 启航,与get off及make a start意义同。
the Sea of Tranquility 静海:静海(Mare Tranquillitatis;又译宁静海),是月球上众多“月海”中的一个,位于月面中央的宁静盆地之内。面积约为42万平方千米,低于月球表面1700米。此地区是乘坐阿波罗11号的美国太空人阿姆斯特朗首次登陆月球的地点,阿波罗16号、阿波罗17号及探索者5号的登陆处均在此。(来源:百度百科
“Here, you launched America’s Space Shuttles and America’s astronauts to orbit this Blue Marble.…”
本句由launch所带的宾语有Space Shuttles和astronauts,但讲者语速非常快,译出前一个即可;其后的“宇航员”则可省译;
this Blue Marble 蓝色弹珠:(英语:The Blue Marble)是一张在1972年12月7日由阿波罗17号太空船船员所拍摄的著名地球照片。微信的启动画面就是用了这张“蓝色弹珠”,人类最近一次在太空中远眺母星的景象。它是少数能把整个地球清晰地拍下来的照片,正因拍摄当时太空船正背向太阳。此时,对于身在太空船上的太空人来说,地球的大小就像小孩子的玩耍的弹珠一样,因而命名。(来源:百度百科
整句译作“在这里发射了航天飞机,进入蓝色宝石轨道。”
“the infinite galaxies that are a window into our very past”中的介词“into”转化成动词,译作“了解”。全句译作“它们就像是一扇窗户,让我们了解过去。”
carve into”和“etch into”分别取“铸就”、“刻入”之意。
As the President said last week, the National Space Council, in his words, “will be a central hub guiding space policy within the administration,” filling a void that’s existed in America for nearly a quarter-century. This is actually the third iteration of the National Space Council. American Presidents from Eisenhower to Kennedy, Johnson to Nixon to George H.W. Bush all turned to the National Space Council for assistance and advice.
总统上周称,委员会“将引领太空政策”。填补了空白,存在于近25年内的空白。这是第三次迭代。美国总统们包括艾森豪威尔和肯尼迪、尼克松、老布什都向委员会求助。
特别提醒:本次演讲的语速非常快,因而太过紧跟原文来处理句子可能会导致跟丢信息。建议以语义为单位连贯地处理所听到的信息。
“As the President said last week, the National Space Council, in his words, “will be a central hub guiding space policy within the administration,” filling a void that’s existed in America for nearly a quarter-century”:
As…said last week, …, in his words, …:这里既出现了“said”,也出现了“in his words”, 表达的都是“说”的含义,于是省译后者,达到简洁又省时的效果;
will be a central hub guiding space policy within the administration:本小句若要按视译的技巧来处理,可译为“……是中心,引领太空政策,在本届政府中实施”,但是如前面所提,在语速比较快的情况下,紧贴原文处理每个信息来做同传很容易跟丢信息,也会让大脑承受很重的压力。事实上,本句只要听到“the National Space Council…guiding space policy”这个中心语义,那么听力任务就完成了,然后译出“委员会“将引领太空政策”即可 ;
fill a void填补空白;
全句译为“总统上周称,委员会“将引领太空政策”。填补了空白,存在于近25年内的空白”。
American Presidents from Eisenhower to Kennedy :from…to…固定译法为“包括……”,此处译作“美国总统们包括艾森豪威尔和肯尼迪……”。此句后面带了一大串人名,可能无法反应出所有人,所以建议挑着翻,以两个人名为宜。
As we once again lead in space exploration, we will continue to make the investments and presence in space to ensure the safety and security of the American people. Space is vital to our national security. I saw it firsthand when I visited Schriever Air Force Base just a few weeks ago. And I can assure you, under President Donald Trump, American security will be as dominant in the heavens as we are here on Earth. The tasks that lie before us requires the highest levels of courage, commitment, and dedication. The challenges will be difficult. But difficulty brings out America’s best and America’s best can't be beaten by anybody at any time. Some 55 years ago, the namesake of this base, President John F. Kennedy, declared that America would put a man on the moon before the decade was out, a feat unlike any imagined in human history.
我们再一次引领太空开发,我们将继续投资并出现在太空以保证美国人民的安全与安定。太空对国家安全至关重要。我亲眼见过,当时我在访问施里弗空军基地。请放心。在总统的领导下,美国的安全在太空和在地球一样牢固。 未来任务要求最大限度的勇气、承诺、奉献。挑战很艰辛,但是会释放美国的潜力。美国的潜力无人能敌。约55年前,肯尼迪总统称,美国将登月,在那个10年内完成。那一壮举,让人无法想象。
safety and security:二者连在一起用时,safety常指人为带来的灾难引发的安全问题,security则更多的是指由自然因素带来的安定问题。当两者单独出现时,比如national security(国家安全),则需要视情况而定。
And I can assure you, under President Donald Trump, American security will be as dominant in the heavens as we are here on Earth:
I can assure you:请放心;
American security will be as dominant in the heavens as we are here on Earth:本小句出现了be as…as…的句式,且heavens(小写时指“天空”、“太空”)与Earth相对出现,可听完全句再译。译作“美国的安全在太空和在地球一样牢固”。
“America would put a man on the moon before the decade was out”中的“before the decade was out”指的是肯尼迪总统在任期间的“那个10年结束之前”完成。
积极稳妥去杠杆。我国非金融企业杠杆率较高,这与储蓄率高、以信贷为主的融资结构有关。要在控制总杠杆率的前提下,把降低企业杠杆率作为重中之重。
We will carry out deleveraging in an active and prudent way. There is high leverage in nonfinancial Chinese firms. This is caused by high savings rates and the composition of financing which is primarily based on credit. While working to control overall leverage, we should focus on bringing down the leverage of enterprises.
积极稳妥去杠杆:将祈使句转化为含主谓(宾)的句子,句子会变得更加平稳。此句译作“We will carry out deleveraging in an active and prudent way”。
“我国非金融企业杠杆率较高,这与储蓄率高、以信贷为主的融资结构有关”:
我国非金融企业杠杆率较高:可用两种句型,其一为“…have/has”,其二为there be句型(推荐);
此处的“融资结构”即为“融资组成”,译成“composition”;
“与……有关”表示的是原因,译作“is caused by”;
全句译文请见参考译文。
“要在控制总杠杆率的前提下,把降低企业杠杆率作为重中之重。”这句表示即要控制总的比率,也要降低某一个具体的比率,因而表达的是同步进行的逻辑关系,用while来连接。整句译作“While working to control overall leverage, we should focus on bringing down the leverage of enterprises”。
促进企业盘活存量资产,推进资产证券化,支持市场化法治化债转股,发展多层次资本市场,加大股权融资力度,强化企业特别是国有企业财务杠杆约束,逐步将企业负债降到合理水平。
We need to see that the idle assets of enterprises are put to use, push ahead with securitization of corporate assets, support market- and law-based debt-to-equity swaps, develop the multilevel capital market, expand equity financing, and place tighter constraints on enterprises, especially SOEs, in leveraging, so as to gradually reduce enterprise debt to an acceptable level.
本段为上一段“降低企业杠杆率”的具体方案。
存量资产 即指闲置资产,译作“idle assets”。
盘活 use;put to use
市场化法治化 即以市场和法治为基础的,译作“market based and law based”。
多层次 multi-level;multi-tiered;multi-layer
股权融资 equity financing
约束 place tighter constraints;tighten constraints
“逐步将企业负债降到合理水平”这是一个结果,即由前文的具体降低企业杠杆率的手段来实现的目标,译作“so as to gradually reduce enterprise debt to an acceptable level”。
去杠杆:要理解本词的含义,首先需要了解什么是杠杆,也就是需要了解什么是财务杠杆效应。财务杠杆效应(Financial leverage effect)是指由于固定费用的存在而导致的,当某一财务变量以较小幅度变动时。另一相关变量会以较大幅度变动的现象。也就是指在企业运用负债筹资方式(如银行借款、发行债券)时所产生的普通股每股收益变动率大于息税前利润变动率的现象。(来源:百度百科