Advanced Week 204

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。

本周复盘说明

第 204 周训练的主题为：联合国最后一个可持续发展目标：Partnerships for the Goals，主要涉及可持续发展与社会责任等话题。英译中练习的是哈佛商学院教授Michael Porter的“The case for letting business solve social problems”主题演讲。小组成员利用该材料练习了交传、同传和视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议：你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。

第 204 周——知识点整理

段落一

I think we're all aware that the world today is full of problems. We've been hearing them today and yesterday and every day for decades. Serious problems, big problems, pressing problems. Poor nutrition, access to water, climate change, deforestation, lack of skills, insecurity, not enough food, not enough healthcare, pollution. There's problem after problem, and I think what really separates this time from any time I can remember in my brief time on Earth is the awareness of these problems. We're all very aware. Why are we having so much trouble dealing with these problems? That's the question I've been struggling with, coming from my very different perspective. I'm not a social problem guy. I'm a guy that works with business, helps business make money. God forbid. So why are we having so many problems with these social problems, and really is there any role for business, and if so, what is that role? I think that in order to address that question, we have to step back and think about how we've understood and pondered both the problems and the solutions to these great social challenges that we face. 【191/63S】

参考译文

我想大家都意识到了当今世界问题重重。我们听到这些问题是在今天，昨天，数十年来的每一天听到。严重的问题、大问题、紧急的问题。营养不良、水资源不足、气候变化、森林砍伐、技术不足、不安全、食物短缺、医保不完善、环境污染。问题层出不穷，而我认为真正让此时区别于我记忆中的任何时期的是，对这些问题的意识。我们都很清楚这些问题。 为什么有这么多困难妨碍我们处理这些问题？ 这是我一直在纠结的问题，这来源于我与众不同的视角。我不是社会问题解决专家。我跟商业打交道，我帮企业赚钱。谢天谢地。那么，为什么有这么多困难妨碍我们解决社会问题？商业是否扮演着任何角色？如果是，那是什么角色？ 我想，为了解决这个问题，我们要先退一步想想，我们是如何理解及考虑问题和解决方案来解决社会挑战的。

解析

• pressing problems: 紧急的问题

• poor nutrition营养不良；= malnutrition; lack of sufficient nutrition

• not enough food: 食物/粮食短缺；= scarcity of food; food shortage

• access to water水资源缺乏，这里原意为“水资源的获取”，由于上下文提到的是出现的社会问题，这里需灵活译为“水资源缺乏”

• deforestation：砍伐森林，反义词：afforestation植树造林

• not enough healthcare: 医保不完善

• coming from：直译为“来源于”

• the question I‘ve been struggling with 一直纠结的问题

• 英译汉中“四字词语”的使用：

  汉语的四字词组以“四字格”为基本形式，言简意赅，形象生动，是汉语的一大特点，在口译中偶尔有意识的使用和积累这种词汇，可以让译文更加出彩。比如：

  “The world today is full of problems. ” 译为“当今世界问题重重”，比“当今世界问题很多”更生动；“There's problem after problem.”译为“问题层出不穷”也比“问题一个接一个”更言简意赅。

• So why are we having so many problems with these social problems？为什么有这么多困难妨碍我们处理这些问题？

  这里如果要顺译，则采用“介词转动”的方式，转“with”为“妨碍”。

段落二

But the more deeply I got into all these social issues, one after another, and actually, the more I tried to address them myself, personally, in a few cases, through nonprofits that I was involved with, the more I found actually that the reality is the opposite. Business does not profit from causing social problems, actually not in any fundamental sense. That's a very simplistic view. The deeper we get into these issues, the more we start to understand that actually business profits from solving from social problems. That's where the real profit comes. Let's take pollution. We've learned today that actually reducing pollution and emissions is generating profit. It saves money. It makes the business more productive and efficient. It doesn't waste resources. Having a safer working environment actually, and avoiding accidents, it makes the business more profitable, because it's a sign of good processes. Accidents are expensive and costly. Issue by issue by issue, we start to learn that actually there's no trade-off between social progress and economic efficiency in any fundamental sense.【175/58S】

参考译文

不过随着我更加深入地研究这些社会问题，事实上，我越想解决，由我个人解决，在个别的情况下，通过我所在的非营利组织解决，我越发觉得，现实截然相反。企业获利并不是通过造成社会问题实现的，实际上这根本就是错的。这是一个过于简化的观点。我们越深入地研究问题，就越开始明白，事实上，企业获利的方式是通过解决社会问题，这才是利润的来源。举污染的例子而言，我们知道现在实际上减少污染和排放能够产生利润，可以省钱，让企业提高生产率和效率。这样不会浪费资源，更安全的工作环境实际上能避免事故，让企业提高利润，因为这意味着良好的工作流程。事故的代价是高昂的。一次次的事故之后，我们逐渐明白，实际上这种权衡关系并不存在于 社会进步和 经济效率之间，从根本上来看是如此。

解析

• Business does not profit from causing social problems, actually not in any fundamental sense.企业获利并不是通过造成社会问题实现的，实际上这根本就是错的。 这里为了顺译，一般可以采取“反话正说”的技巧，即把以否定句式开头的英文，在汉语中采用肯定式开头，把否定词（不，没有）移到下文，或在下文采用反义词。

• There's no trade-off between social progress and economic efficiency in any fundamental sense. 实际上这种权衡（关系）并不存在于社会进步和经济效率之间，从根本上来看是如此。 这句话的处理较为复杂，同时采用了“介词转动”、“反话正说”、“重复谓语”等技巧。首先，一般首次遇到“trade-off”这样比较陌生的词，可以default为“权衡”；接着，这句话以否定开头，采取“反话正说”的技巧，把否定词（不，没有）移到下半句；between翻译为动词“存在”；最后，“in many fundamental sense”重复谓语，或如果时间不够可以直接省略。

  • trade-off: noun~ (between something and something)the act of balancing ten things that you need or want but which are opposed to each other（在需要而又相互对立的两者间的）权衡，协调There is a trade-off between the benefits of the drug and the risk of side effects. 在这种药的疗效和副作用之间有个权衡利弊的问题；可以根据实际情况翻译为：折中、权衡、取舍。

• business在文中多次出现，既指“商业”，也指“企业”，在翻译时要注意理解演讲者的意思并加以区分。