Advanced Week 208

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。

本周复盘说明

第208周练习的主题为：中国国家领导人的新年致辞, 练习视译和同传。小组成员利用该材料练习了同声传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议：你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。本日志整理的是中国国家领导人2020新年致辞的部分内容。

第 208周——知识点整理

段落一

2019年，我们用汗水浇灌收获，以实干笃定前行。高质量发展平稳推进，我国国内生产总值预计将接近100万亿元人民币、人均将迈上1万美元的台阶。三大攻坚战取得关键进展。京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展按下快进键，黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展成为国家战略。全国将有340个左右贫困县摘帽、1000多万人实现脱贫。嫦娥四号在人类历史上第一次登陆月球背面，长征五号遥三运载火箭成功发射，雪龙2号首航南极，北斗导航全球组网进入冲刺期，5G商用加速推出，北京大兴国际机场“凤凰展翅”……这些成就凝结着新时代奋斗者的心血和汗水，彰显了不同凡响的中国风采、中国力量。

参考译文

In 2019, we sweated, and we toiled as we pressed ahead with concrete efforts for achievements. Thanks to our steady pursuit of high-quality development, China's GDP is expected to edge close to 100 trillion yuan with the per capita figure reaching the level of 10,000 US dollars. Three tough battles have seen significant breakthroughs. Coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Yangtze River Delta, all accelerated. Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin have become national strategies. About 340 impoverished counties and more than 10 million people have been lifted out of poverty. Our lunar probe Chang'e-4, for the first time in human history, landed on the far side of the moon; the Long March-5 Y3 rocket was successfully launched; the Xuelong 2 icebreaker set sail on its maiden voyage to the Antarctic; the construction of the global network of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is sprinting towards the finish line; the commercial application of 5G technology is accelerating; the Beijing Daxing International Airport spread its wings like a phoenix… all these achievements are the result of the efforts and sweat of those who strive in the new era, and they demonstrate extraordinary Chinese splendor and Chinese strength.

解析

本材料用于同传训练，亦可作交传的材料。参考译文为按照三词一译原则顺译的版本。译者也根据上下文的情况采用不同的同传策略，以保证译文的简洁、准确和流畅。
2019年，我们用汗水浇灌收获，以实干笃定前行。
参考译文：In 2019, we sweated, and we toiled as we pressed ahead with concrete efforts for achievements.
- 这里需要等待一下，等整句内容差不多出来大半的时候开口，提取出核心词“汗水”和“实干”翻译为sweated and toiled，把后面的收获处理成状语for achievements，个人觉得如果要更简洁，toil 和 sweat 取其一，with concrete efforts也可以去掉，因为toil 和sweat包含了这层意思。
三大攻坚战取得关键进展;
参考译文：The three tough battles have seen major breakthroughs。
- 这里采用同传中“顺译”技巧，使用“see、witness和experience”这样的词把主语拟人化了，而且也是英文中常用的句式结构。
- 背景补充： BEIJING (Reuters) - Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said the country must reduce poverty, control pollution and reduce risks, challenges he described as “three tough battles” for the economy, as policymakers push for reforms and innovation this year.
京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展按下快进键，黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展成为国家战略。
参考译文: Coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Yangtze River Delta, all accelerated. Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin have become national strategies.
- 策略：这一段属于罗列，关键是开口要快，反应要快，迅速跟上。当然现场快不快要看平时是否有储备。
- 背景1： The Yangtze River Economic Belt covers 11 provinces and municipalities along the river, including Chongqing, and covers about 20 percent of China's total land area. The belt is home to about 600 million people, and economic aggregate there accounts for more than 40 percent of the country's total. The belt houses China's major manufacturing bases, financial centers, pilot free trade zones and huge markets.
- 背景2：The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Greater Bay Area) comprises the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao, and the nine municipalities of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province. The total area is around 56 000 km2.
  段落二
  一年来，改革开放不断催生发展活力。党和国家机构改革圆满完成。增设一批自由贸易试验区和上海自由贸易试验区新片区。科创板顺利启动推进。减税降费总额超过2万亿元。个人所得税起征点提高了，老百姓常用的许多药品降价了，网络提速降费使刷屏更快了，垃圾分类引领着低碳生活新时尚。“基层减负年”让基层干部轻装上阵。放眼神州大地，处处都有新变化新气象。
  参考译文
  Over the past year, reform and opening-up has continuously generated vigor for development. The reform of Party and government institutions has been successfully completed. We have set up another batch of pilot free trade zones and expanded the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone. The Science and Technology Innovation Board was launched smoothly. We have cut taxes and fees by more than 2 trillion yuan and raised the individual income tax threshold. Many types of commonly-used medicines have seen their prices drop, while cheaper and faster internet connection has enabled faster flow of information. Garbage sorting is leading the new trend of a low-carbon lifestyle. This year we have also streamlined the work of officials at the grassroots level. New changes are taking place everywhere across the country.
  解析
增设一批自由贸易试验区和上海自由贸易试验区新片区。
参考译文：We have set up another batch of pilot free trade zones and expanded the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone.
- 这里的“增设上海自由贸易试验区新片区”直接译为“扩大了···，因为根据背景，这里不是真正在A区之外单独设一个B区，而是在原有基础上的增设”。
- 背景：FTZ 与 FTA 的本质区别：中国（上海）自由贸易试验区（Free Trade Zone 缩写 FTZ）：是根据本国（地区）法律法规在本国（地区）境内设立的区域性经济特区。这种方式属一国（或地区）境内关外的贸易行为，即某一国（或地区）在其辖区内划出一块地盘作为市场对外做买卖（贸易），对该地盘的买卖活动不过多的插手干预、且对外运入的货物不收或优惠过路费（关税）。与国际上传统自由贸易区（FTA）不同的是，传统自由贸易区是多个国家一起玩，游戏规则多国共同制定；而这种方式是一国在自己的地盘玩，自己地盘自己做主，游戏规则自己制定。
- FTZ 与FTA 的中文译名：FTZ 与FTA 两者的相同之处在于，都是为降低贸易成本促进商务发展而设立。为避免两者混淆，商务部等部门2008年专门提出将 FTZ 和 FTA 分别译为“自由贸易园区”和“自由贸易区”，以示区分。
个人所得税起征点提高了，老百姓常用的许多药品降价了，网络提速降费使刷屏更快了，垃圾分类引领着低碳生活新时尚。
参考译文：we have raised the individual income tax threshold. Many types of commonly-used medicines have seen their prices drop, while cheaper and faster internet connection has enabled faster flow of information.
- 个税起征点其实就是“征税门槛”，译为“threshold”。“老百姓常用的许多药品”这里官方译本给出的是 “commonly-used medicines”还可以译为“essential drugs/medicines”，指“基本药品”，但不要译为“basic drugs”，英文中不这样搭配。网络“提速”、“降费”转换成英文的“cheaper and faster internet connection”是典型的同传策略，“主谓结构转偏正结构”。“刷屏”不是“brush the screen”而是翻译意思，使信息流更畅通，译为“easier/smoother/faster information flow”
放眼神州大地，处处都有新变化新气象。
- 参考译文：New changes are taking place everywhere across the country.
- 新变化、新气象二选一进行翻译，发生了新变化自然就有了新风貌新气象了，这是汉语中的“同义反复”。

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第 208周——知识点整理

段落一

参考译文

解析

本材料用于同传训练，亦可作交传的材料。参考译文为按照三词一译原则顺译的版本。译者也根据上下文的情况采用不同的同传策略，以保证译文的简洁、准确和流畅。

2019年，我们用汗水浇灌收获，以实干笃定前行。

参考译文：In 2019, we sweated, and we toiled as we pressed ahead with concrete efforts for achievements.

这里需要等待一下，等整句内容差不多出来大半的时候开口，提取出核心词“汗水”和“实干”翻译为sweated and toiled，把后面的收获处理成状语for achievements，个人觉得如果要更简洁，toil 和 sweat 取其一，with concrete efforts也可以去掉，因为toil 和sweat包含了这层意思。

三大攻坚战取得关键进展;

参考译文：The three tough battles have seen major breakthroughs。

这里采用同传中“顺译”技巧，使用“see、witness和experience”这样的词把主语拟人化了，而且也是英文中常用的句式结构。
背景补充： BEIJING (Reuters) - Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said the country must reduce poverty, control pollution and reduce risks, challenges he described as “three tough battles” for the economy, as policymakers push for reforms and innovation this year.
Source:

京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展按下快进键，黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展成为国家战略。

参考译文: Coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Yangtze River Delta, all accelerated. Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin have become national strategies.

策略：这一段属于罗列，关键是开口要快，反应要快，迅速跟上。当然现场快不快要看平时是否有储备。
背景1： The Yangtze River Economic Belt covers 11 provinces and municipalities along the river, including Chongqing, and covers about 20 percent of China's total land area. The belt is home to about 600 million people, and economic aggregate there accounts for more than 40 percent of the country's total. The belt houses China's major manufacturing bases, financial centers, pilot free trade zones and huge markets.
背景2：The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Greater Bay Area) comprises the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao, and the nine municipalities of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province. The total area is around 56 000 km2.
段落二
一年来，改革开放不断催生发展活力。党和国家机构改革圆满完成。增设一批自由贸易试验区和上海自由贸易试验区新片区。科创板顺利启动推进。减税降费总额超过2万亿元。个人所得税起征点提高了，老百姓常用的许多药品降价了，网络提速降费使刷屏更快了，垃圾分类引领着低碳生活新时尚。“基层减负年”让基层干部轻装上阵。放眼神州大地，处处都有新变化新气象。
参考译文
Over the past year, reform and opening-up has continuously generated vigor for development. The reform of Party and government institutions has been successfully completed. We have set up another batch of pilot free trade zones and expanded the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone. The Science and Technology Innovation Board was launched smoothly. We have cut taxes and fees by more than 2 trillion yuan and raised the individual income tax threshold. Many types of commonly-used medicines have seen their prices drop, while cheaper and faster internet connection has enabled faster flow of information. Garbage sorting is leading the new trend of a low-carbon lifestyle. This year we have also streamlined the work of officials at the grassroots level. New changes are taking place everywhere across the country.
解析

增设一批自由贸易试验区和上海自由贸易试验区新片区。

参考译文：We have set up another batch of pilot free trade zones and expanded the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone.

这里的“增设上海自由贸易试验区新片区”直接译为“扩大了···，因为根据背景，这里不是真正在A区之外单独设一个B区，而是在原有基础上的增设”。
背景：FTZ 与 FTA 的本质区别：中国（上海）自由贸易试验区（Free Trade Zone 缩写 FTZ）：是根据本国（地区）法律法规在本国（地区）境内设立的区域性经济特区。这种方式属一国（或地区）境内关外的贸易行为，即某一国（或地区）在其辖区内划出一块地盘作为市场对外做买卖（贸易），对该地盘的买卖活动不过多的插手干预、且对外运入的货物不收或优惠过路费（关税）。与国际上传统自由贸易区（FTA）不同的是，传统自由贸易区是多个国家一起玩，游戏规则多国共同制定；而这种方式是一国在自己的地盘玩，自己地盘自己做主，游戏规则自己制定。
FTZ 与FTA 的中文译名：FTZ 与FTA 两者的相同之处在于，都是为降低贸易成本促进商务发展而设立。为避免两者混淆，商务部等部门2008年专门提出将 FTZ 和 FTA 分别译为“自由贸易园区”和“自由贸易区”，以示区分。

个人所得税起征点提高了，老百姓常用的许多药品降价了，网络提速降费使刷屏更快了，垃圾分类引领着低碳生活新时尚。

参考译文：we have raised the individual income tax threshold. Many types of commonly-used medicines have seen their prices drop, while cheaper and faster internet connection has enabled faster flow of information.

个税起征点其实就是“征税门槛”，译为“threshold”。“老百姓常用的许多药品”这里官方译本给出的是 “commonly-used medicines”还可以译为“essential drugs/medicines”，指“基本药品”，但不要译为“basic drugs”，英文中不这样搭配。网络“提速”、“降费”转换成英文的“cheaper and faster internet connection”是典型的同传策略，“主谓结构转偏正结构”。“刷屏”不是“brush the screen”而是翻译意思，使信息流更畅通，译为“easier/smoother/faster information flow”

放眼神州大地，处处都有新变化新气象。

参考译文：New changes are taking place everywhere across the country.
新变化、新气象二选一进行翻译，发生了新变化自然就有了新风貌新气象了，这是汉语中的“同义反复”。