Advance Week 201

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。

本周复盘说明

第201周练习的主题为SDG16——和平与正义，英译中的练习是I’ve Studied nuclear war for 35 years – you should be worried。小组成员利用该材料练习了交替传译、同声传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。设备建议：你需要电脑或手机播放音频、手机发送语音。本日志整理的是这篇演讲的部分内容。

第 201 周——知识点整理

段落一

In World War II, fleets of hundreds or even a thousand airplanes were used to bomb a single city. But with the invention of the atomic bomb, only one airplane and one bomb was needed. The Enola Gay carried one atomic bomb with the power of 15,000 tons of TNT. And when it dropped that bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, a hundred thousand people died. Over time, even more powerful bombs were built. Hydrogen bombs. This 1960s airplane carried five hydrogen bombs, the red and white things there, and had the power of 500 Hiroshima bombs. And of course the United States and Russia don't just use airplanes. They have intercontinental ballistic missiles with hydrogen bombs on them, and they have nuclear submarines with missiles. A single Trident missile submarine can carry a hundred hydrogen bombs with the explosive power of a 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. Knowing the power of the bombs and their targets, we can understand the destructiveness and loss of life that might occur if these were ever used. Let us imagine, for example, that the United States attacks Pyongyang, North Korea, the capital, with the smallest bomb carried on a Trident missile submarine.

参考译文

在二战期间，有数百甚至是上千架战机被用来轰炸一个城市。但随着原子弹的发明，就只需要一架战机和一颗炸弹。艾诺拉·盖号轰炸机携带的原子弹威力相当于1.5万吨的TNT。在投掷原子弹到广岛上时，有10万人死亡。随着时间推移，更多威力巨大的原子弹被制造出来。氢弹。这架60年代的战机可以携带五颗氢弹，也就是这里的红白处，威力相当于500颗广岛原子弹。当然，美国和俄罗斯不仅仅使用战机。他们有洲际弹道导弹，可携带氢弹，他们有核潜艇，可携带导弹。丹丹是三叉戟导弹潜艇就可以携带100颗氢弹，爆炸力相当于1000颗广岛原子弹。了解原子弹的威力和它们的目标后，我们就可以了解到毁灭性和致命性，如果使用它们会产生什么后果。我们来想象一下，如果美国攻击平壤，即朝鲜首都，使用最小的原子弹，携带它的是三叉戟导弹潜艇。

解析

• 本次练习的主题有关“核战争”，涉及很多关于核武器的专业词汇，需要译者在翻译之前收集需要学习的相关信息，并对相关知识和词汇进行学习和记忆。

• Fleets of airplanes：战机队

• Enola Gay：艾诺拉·盖号轰炸机（是一架隶属于第二次世界大战期间美国空军第313飞行大队的B-29“超级堡垒”（Superfortress）轰炸机，也是在日本时间1945年8月6日早上8点15分，于日本城市广岛上空掷下“小男孩原子弹”的飞机。）

• intercontinental ballistic missiles：洲际弹道导弹

• nuclear submarines with missiles: 携带导弹的核潜艇

• Trident missile submarine: 三叉戟导弹潜艇

段落二

500,000 people - about the population of Sacramento or Baltimore - would die. Nuclear weapons kill people in four different ways. In this orange circle, there's a shock-wave so powerful that it knocks down concrete buildings and kills everyone within that zone. In the red circle, there's radiation that's released from the atomic bomb as it fissions. The radiation would kill 50 to 90% of the North Koreans, over the next few weeks. In this green circle, the shock-wave continues out with enough power to knock down residential buildings. And in this yellow circle, six miles in diameter, there's a blast of light so bright that if your skin was exposed, you'd get third-degree burns, which can be fatal, and flammable things like leaves, newspapers and your clothes would burst into flames. And of course, if we attack North Korea, they're likely to attack us back. If they use the same size weapon that we used, and they've already tested one like this, they could kill 150,000 people in this 6-mile diameter circle in Denver. And these terrifying scenarios I'm talking about are just each if side uses one nuclear weapon. But Russia and the United States each have 4,000 strategic nuclear weapons. That's enough to attack each city with more than 100,000 people, in each country, with 10 atomic bombs.

参考译文

50万人——相当于萨克拉门托或巴尔的摩的人口——将会死去。核武器杀人的方式有四种。橘色圆圈里的是冲击波，威力大到可以摧毁混凝土建筑并杀死该区域的所有人。红色圆圈是辐射，它的释放来自原子弹的裂变。辐射可以杀死50%-90%的朝鲜人，几周时间就可以做到。绿色圆圈里是冲击波的延伸，威力足以摧毁住宅建筑。而黄色圆圈直径为6英里，会产生明亮的火焰，如果接触到皮肤，可能会遭受三级灼伤，这可能是致命的，易燃物如树叶、报纸和衣服都会着火。当然，如果我们攻击朝鲜，他们可能会反击。如果他们使用同样规模的武器，而且他们已经做过实验，他们可能会杀死15万人，覆盖丹佛6英里直径的范围。这些可怕的场景，只是在各方使用一件核武器会发生的情况。但俄罗斯和美国各自拥有4000件战略性核武器。这足以攻击每一个城市，超过10万人口的城市，触及每个国家，各用10个原子弹就可以。

解析

• nuclear fission核裂变，又称核分裂，是指由重的原子核（主要是指铀核或钚核）分裂成两个或多个质量较小的原子的一种核反应形式。原子弹或核能发电厂的能量来源就是核裂变。

• In the red circle, there's radiation that's released from the atomic bomb as it fissions红色圆圈是辐射，它的释放来自原子弹的裂变。

  • Be released from: 这里采用“被动变的”的技巧。

• That's enough to attack each city with more than 100,000 people, in each country, with 10 atomic bombs. 这足以攻击每一个城市，超过10万人口的城市，触及每个国家，各用10个原子弹就可以。

  • 这里采用“重复谓语”+“介词转动”的技巧，英语结构的特征是“谓语+状语”，而汉语是“状语+谓语”，如果要保持以“三词一译”顺译，就需要用到重复，这里重复了“城市”，其他例子还有：The G20 is fast becoming the centerpiece of today’s international economic, social, and environmental governance architecture.

  • 译文：20国集团快速成为中心，影响当今的国际经济、社会和环境治理架构。

段落三

In a war like that, 400 million people would probably die on the planet, in China, in Russia, in Europe and in the United States. But wait, that's not all. (Laughter) I've just been talking about the damage near ground zero. That's all the military considers in their war plans. But there will be collateral effects. Remember the dinosaurs: it was the burning forests that killed three quarters of the species we know about on the planet. And the same would happen after a nuclear war; cities would catch on fire and burn. It's this damage, the damage the military doesn't even consider, the damage that's just thought of as an accident, that might destroy human civilization. Even a war between India and Pakistan, two of the smallest nuclear powers, with only a few hundred weapons of about the size of the Hiroshima bomb. We might die as unintended consequences that the Indian and Pakistani generals never even gave a thought about. My colleagues Luke Oman and Alan Robock calculated the spread of smoke after a war between India and Pakistan. It only takes about two weeks for the smoke to cover the entire Earth. And it would rise to altitudes between 20 and 50 miles above the surface.

参考译文

在这样的战争中，4亿人可能会死去，他们来自中国、俄罗斯、欧洲和美国。但是等等，这还不是全部。我刚讲的破坏出现在地面爆炸点附近。这是所有军队都会考虑的，在他们的战争计划中考虑。但这还会带来间接的影响。还记得恐龙吧：燃烧的森林杀死了三分之二的地球物种。同样的情况也发生在核战争之后，城市将会陷入火海。这种破坏，是军队根本没考虑到的，这种破坏仅仅被看作是意外，却可能会毁灭人类文明。即使是印度和巴基斯坦间的战争，这是两个最小的核大国，只有数百件武器，它们的规模相当于广岛原子弹；我们可能会因意想不到的后果死去，这是印度和巴基斯坦的将军们永远想不到的。我的同事卢克•阿曼和阿伦•罗伯克计算过蔓延的烟雾，在印度和巴基斯坦开战后出现的烟雾。只需两周，烟雾就可能覆盖整个地球。它上升的纬度将达到地面20到50英里以上。

解析

• 400 million people would probably die on the planet, in China, in Russia, in Europe and in the United States.在这样的战争中，4亿人可能会死去，他们来自中国、俄罗斯、欧洲和美国。

  这里“on the planet”非重要信息，可直接省略

• Ground zero: 爆心投影点又叫地面零点，也叫地面爆炸点，是指爆炸中心投向地面的点，简单而言就是原子弹爆炸的地点。

• nuclear powers: 核大国主要是指拥有核武器的国家，全球一共有九个核大国，分别是俄罗斯、美国、法国、中国、英国、巴基斯坦、印度、以色列、朝鲜。

  • 注: 这里要注意与“nuclear power（核能）”区分，作为能量时，power为不可数名词。