Advanced Week 78

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk交传小组”，该小组成立于2015年2月。现阶段，小组专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。

本周复盘说明

第78周英译汉训练的主题是不稳定型无产者，本次材料为伦敦大学东方与非洲研究学院 （School of Oriental and African Studies；常称：SOAS）的Guy Standing教授在TED上的演讲。他简述了什么是不稳定型无产者，产生的因素是什么以及有哪些表现。（视频及文本网址：链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1boUi91H 密码：aceq）小组成员利用该材料练习了交替传译、同声传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。本周汉译英为徐绍史在国土资源调查评价成果展开幕式上的致辞后半部分。本日志整理的是第78周练习的英译汉部分和汉译英部分。

第78周英译汉——知识点整理

段落一

The hardest time to talk at a conference is just after lunch, when you'd all like to be sleeping, especially after listening to lovely music. We are in the middle of a global transformation. What that means is, we're seeing the painful construction of a global market economy. And over the past 30 years neoliberalism has fashioned this system. Markets have been opened, and yet intellectual property rights have ensured that a tiny minority of people are receiving most of the income. And we've seen that the world's labor supply has quadrupled.

参考译文

最困难的讲话时间就是午饭之后。大家都觉得困。我们正处在全球变革当中。我们见证了艰难的建设，影响着全球市场经济。过去30年，新自由主义创建了这一体系。市场开放了，但知识产权保证了一小部分人获得大部分的收入。世界劳动力供应翻了两番。

解析

• 背景知识：Guy Standing has written widely in the areas of labour economics, labour market policy, unemployment, labour market flexibility, structural adjustment policies and social protection. His recent work has concerned the emerging precariat class and the need to move towards unconditional basic income and deliberative democracy.（来源：维基百科http://t.cn/RKSI7zN）

• “The hardest time to talk at a conference is just after lunch, when you'd all like to be sleeping, especially after listening to lovely music”：

  • “talk at a conference”泛译为“讲话”；

  • “especially after listening to lovely music”可不译，不伤原意，且可跟上讲者的节奏（推荐），当然也可译为“还听了一会儿音乐”；

  • 整句译作“最困难的讲话时间就是午饭之后。大家都觉得困”。

• What that means is… 可省译

• painful construction 艰难的建设

• neoliberalism 新自由主义

• intellectual property rights 知识产权

• quadruple 翻了两番

段落二

What that means is an extra two billion people have become part of the global labor market. And that has put huge downward pressure on our wages in Europe, and in the United States and Japan. And they won't rise in the foreseeable future. And underneath that growing inequality and growing insecurity, a new class structure has been taking shape in the world that we - intellectually, politically and as citizens - must confront. At the top is the plutocracy and oligarchs and an elite, receiving more and more of the world's income with vast power. Underneath is a salariat, people with employment, security and pensions and paid holidays and things like that, shrinking in numbers and worried about their sons and daughters. And then the old proletariat, the working class of the 20th century which is shrinking everywhere. Underneath that is the precariat, and underneath the precariat is a lumpen underclass of people dying in the streets prematurely.

参考译文

将新增20亿人，进入全球劳动力市场。这将带来压力，影响欧洲的工资，美国和日本也受到了影响，短期内不会提高。不平等加剧，也带来了不安定。一种新的阶层逐渐形成了。从智力上、政治上都应当应对。顶层是财阀、寡头、精英阶层，获得越来越多的收入和权力。接下来是工薪阶层，人们有工作、保障、退休金、有薪假期等等，但数量越来越少，担心自己的孩子没有保障。接着是传统的无产阶级，20世纪的工薪阶层，数量在减少。接下来是不稳定无产者，在它之后的是底层，过早死在了街头。

解析

• in the foreseeable future 不久

• extra 新增

• “that has put huge downward pressure on our wages in Europe, and in the United States and Japan”：

  • “put huge downward pressure on”本指会造成巨大的下行压力，此处可简洁译为“压力”；

  • “pressure on our wages in Europe, and in the United States and Japan”中的介词“on”变动词，译作“影响”；

  • 全句译为“这将带来压力，影响欧洲的工资，美国和日本也受到了影响”。

• “And underneath that growing inequality and growing insecurity, a new class structure has been taking shape in the world that we - intellectually, politically and as citizens - must confront”中的“underneath”可先不译，从后面的内容开始译出句子；“we - intellectually, politically and as citizens - must confront”译成一个句子，即“从智力上、政治上都应当应对”；整句可译为“不平等加剧，也带来了不安定。一种新的阶层逐渐形成了。从智力上、政治上都应当应对”。

• salariat 工薪阶层

• “worried about their sons and daughters”此处可解读为“他们担忧自己的孩子没有保障（不能像他们一样拥有类似的契机）”。

• precariat 不稳定无产者

第77周汉英视译——知识点整理

徐绍史在国土资源调查评价成果展开幕式上的致辞

段落一

12年来，我们完成了5000多个调查项目，发现了900余处矿产地，形成了10大后备资源勘查基地，显著提升了国内资源的保障能力。12年来，我们开展了大量的基础地质调查，地质工作程度大幅提高，有力满足了南水北调、青藏铁路、西气东输等重大基础设施建设和经济社会发展对基础地质资料的需求。

参考译文

We completed five thousand projects, discovering nine hundred mineral sites, identifying ten reserve survey bases, significantly improving our domestic resource security. We conducted a large scale geology survey. Geological work was scaled up, meeting the needs of trans-regional water supply, the Tibetan railway and trans-regional gas supply infrastructure projects as well as economic development in terms of geological data.

解析

• “12年来，我们完成了5000多个调查项目，发现了900余处矿产地，形成了10大后备资源勘查基地，显著提升了国内资源的保障能力。”这一句包含了很多动词，比如“完成了”、“发现了”、“形成了”、“提升了”，但是“完成5000多个调查项目”的范畴包含了后面的内容，因而可以以前句为主句，后面被包含的内容为状语的方式来处理整个句子；同时“12年”的这个时间段在前文中已经有所提及，因而可省译；整句译为“We completed five thousand projects, discovering nine hundred mineral sites, identifying ten reserve survey bases, significantly improving our domestic resource security”。

• 基础地质调查，即地质调查，译作“geology survey”。

• 南水北调 trans-regional water supply

• 青藏铁路 the Tibetan railway

• 西气东输 trans-regional gas supply

• “经济社会发展对基础地质资料的需求”可解读为“经济社会发展在基础地质资料这个方面的需求”，译为“（to meet the needs of）… economic development in terms of geological data”。

段落二

12年来，我们初步查明了全国地质灾害现状，建立了重点地区预警预报系统，提高了防灾减灾能力，特别是面对近年来我国发生的南方严重雨雪冰冻灾害、北方和西南地区严重干旱、“5·12”汶川地震、“4·14”玉树地震，以及甘肃舟曲特大山洪泥石流等一系列自然灾害，我们充分运用地质调查评价成果，第一时间提供灾区影像图，第一时间开展应急调查，为国家及时了解灾情、指挥救灾以及灾后重建发挥了不可替代的作用，有效地保障了民生。12年来，我们查清了全国耕地后备资源状况，摸清了全国土地资源家底；海洋资源环境调查和基础测绘调查也取得了长足发展，为服务国家经济社会发展提供了有力支撑。

参考译文

We now have geological disaster updates and have set up key pre-alert systems. We’ve improved prevention and reduction capabilities. In recent years, China suffered serious rain and snow disasters in the south. In the north and south west, there was drought. There were Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake and Gansu mudslides among others. We made good use of the assessment results to provide images of disaster areas and at the first opportunity, conducted emergency surveys. It helped with understanding the disaster, managing relief and reconstruction. We’ve saved lives. We now have a clear picture of our farming land reserves and total land resources. The marine resources survey and basic mapping survey also achieved remarkable results, contributing to China’s economic and social development.

解析

• “我们初步查明了全国地质灾害现状”解读为“关于全国地质灾害现状，我们查明了新的情况”，可译为“We now have geological disaster updates”。

• 预警预报系统 pre-alert systems

• “特别是面对近年来我国发生的南方严重雨雪冰冻灾害、北方和西南地区严重干旱、“5·12”汶川地震、“4·14”玉树地震，以及甘肃舟曲特大山洪泥石流等一系列自然灾害”：

  • “特别是”可省译；

  • 再将后面的内容译成几个小句子，比如：近年来我国发生了南方严重雨雪冰冻灾害；北方和西南地区有严重干旱；发生了“5·12”汶川地震、“4·14”玉树地震以及甘肃舟曲特大山洪泥石流等一系列自然灾害。译为“In recent years, China suffered serious rain and snow disasters in the south. In the north and southwest, there was drought. There were Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake and Gansu mudslides among others”。

• “第一时间开展应急调查”中的“第一时间”表达的就是“紧急”之意，无需要重复译出；本句译作“conduct emergency surveys”。

• “为国家及时了解灾情、指挥救灾以及灾后重建发挥了不可替代的作用，有效地保障了民生。”中的“为”在此处需要运用预测先译的视译技巧，即先预测出“帮助”，且它是“发挥了不可替代的作用”的内容，因而后者可省译。本句译作“It helped with understanding the disaster, managing relief and reconstruction. We’ve saved lives”。

• “我们查清了全国耕地后备资源状况，摸清了全国土地资源家底”解读为“我们对全国耕地后备资源状况和全国土地资源家底一清二楚”，译为“We now have a clear picture of our farming land reserves and total land resources”。