Advanced Week 61

写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk交传小组”，该小组成立于2015年2月，目前已完成虐口译训练（《英语三级口译实务》教材篇章精练与复盘）、口译通关训练（《英语二级口译实务》教材篇章精练与复盘以及口译进阶训练（英汉同声传译入门、政府工作报告汉英视译、英汉语言刻意训练）。2017年1月1日，小组正式更名为“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组，专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练。我们针对英译汉开展融“交替传译”、“无稿同传”、“限时视译”于一体的模块训练，汉译英部分将通过“反向进英”练习夯实成员的语言基础并继续通过政府工作报告汉译英帮助成员积累背景知识和有关中国各方面发展的表达。

本周复盘说明

本周英译汉的练习材料是评级机构改革人士Annette Heuser在TED的演讲视频（资料网址http://t.cn/RiBxePR），她认为非盈利性机构可以带来更多的公平与正义。 汉译英部分为2016年政府工作报告视译练习。我们学习了相关表达、积累了领域知识。本日志内容为第61周政府工作报告的汉译英。小组成员利用本材料练习了英汉交替传译、同声传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。汉译英部分为政府工作报告视译练习，我们学习了相关表达、积累了领域知识。本日志为本周（第61周）练习的英译汉部分和上周（第60周）的英译汉部分（内容为政府机构在科技创新方面所做出贡献），以及61周政府工作报告的汉译英的复盘内容。

第60周英译汉——会议发言知识点整理

段落一

So we often are presented with the kind of words like that the private sector is also much more innovative because it's able to think out of the box. They are more dynamic. Think of Steve Jobs' really inspirational speech to the 2005 graduating class at Stanford, where he said to be innovative, you've got to stay hungry, stay foolish. Right? So these guys are kind of the hungry and foolish and colorful guys, right? And in places like Europe, it might be more equitable, we might even be a bit better dressed and eat better than the U.S., but the problem is this damn public sector. It's a bit too big, and it hasn't actually allowed these things like dynamic venture capital and commercialization to actually be able to really be as fruitful as it could.

参考译文

因此，我们经常看到这样的字眼，比如私人部门更具有创造性，因为它能创造性地思考，也更具活力。想一想史蒂夫·乔布斯那极具启发性的演讲，面向的是2005届斯坦福大学的毕业生。他说要创新就必须保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。于是这些人都是饥饿、愚蠢又多姿多彩的人，对吧？而在欧洲，会更加平等。我们可能穿得更体面，吃得更好，好于美国人，但是问题在于公共部门。它太大，不允许风险资本和商业化变得真正的富有成效。

解析

• 背景补充：私人部门这些经济行为主体的共同特点是它们的活动依赖于个人的收入、个人所有的资产，并且以自身利益为活动的宗旨分为两个子部门：家庭部门与私人企业部门。前者是从事个人消费活动的，而后者则从事私人投资的生产；前者的行为目标是个人或家庭效用最大化，而后者的行为目标是利润最大化。（来源：智库百科http://t.cn/zWqqb5a）

• out of the box 非传统性的，创造性的

• stay hungry, stay foolish 保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。视译直译是完全可行的。整理之后可稍加修饰，可译作“求知若饥，虚心若愚”。

• “And in places like Europe, it might be more equitable, we might even be a bit better dressed and eat better than the U.S”本句需要注意的是比较级的处理方式。遇到比较级，首先译出内容，然后在后文中补出比较的含义。本句译为“而在欧洲，会更加平等。我们可能穿得更体面，吃得更好，好于美国人”。

段落二

Now, what's interesting in all of this is the state, in all these examples, was doing so much more than just fixing market failures. It was actually shaping and creating markets. It was funding not only the basic research, which again is a typical public good, but even the applied research. It was even, God forbid, being a venture capitalist. So these SBIR and SDTR programs, which give small companies early-stage finance have not only been extremely important compared to private venture capital, but also have become increasingly important.

参考译文

有意思的是政府。在所有的例子当中，我们看到政府做出了许多努力，不仅限于修补市场问题。它还在创造市场，资助基础研究——这是一种典型的公益——和应用研究。它甚至是风险资本家。因此SBIR和SDTR项目都给小企业提供早期融资。这非常重要，比私人风险资本更重要，而且变得越来越重要。

解析

• 本小段的句子比较口语化，在时间紧迫的情况下可以酌情省译口语词，比如“Now”、“God forbid”。

• “not only…but also…”出现了两次，中间都插入了其它成份，比如定语成句、较长的定语等，因而在处理时可先不译“not only”。

• SBIR is the acronym of Small Business Innovation Research. The program is a United States Government program, coordinated by the Small Business Administration, intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development (R&D). Funding takes the form of contracts or grants. The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs.（Source: Wikipedia: http://t.cn/RL1Ioqb）。

段落三

Well, where's the reward for the state of having taken on these massive risks and actually been foolish enough to have done the Internet? The Internet was crazy. It really was. I mean, the probability of failure was massive. You had to be completely nuts to do it, and luckily, they were. Now, we don't even get to this question about rewards unless you actually depict the state as this risk-taker. And the problem is that economists often think, well, there is a reward back to the state. It's tax.

参考译文

回报在哪里？政府冒了如此大的风险，是不是傻过了头，搞什么互联网？互联网是疯狂的。的确实是。失败可能是巨大的。你一定得是个傻子才会给它投资。幸运的是，他们是傻子。我们还没提到这事儿。除非你真把政府描绘成冒险家。问题是经济学家们往往认为，有回报呀，那是税收呀。

解析

• “where's the reward// for the state of having taken on these massive risks //and actually been foolish enough //to have done the Internet?”问句很长，处理时可切分成小短句（见//），以减少脑力。整句译作“回报在哪里？政府冒了如此大的风险，是不是傻过了头，搞什么互联网？”

• get to this question 提到这一问题

• risk-taker 冒险家

第61周英译汉——会议发言知识点整理

段落四

Well, if you were sitting next to me in the car that day and would have told me that I would devote the next years to trying to reform them, obviously I would have called you crazy. But guess what's really crazy: the way these rating agencies are run. And I would like to explain to you not only why it's time to change this, but also how we can do it.

参考译文

如果你坐在我旁边，告诉我你会在未来几年去改革它们，我一定会说你疯了。但是猜猜看真疯了是什么样：评级机构的运作方式。我要解释的是改变它们的原因，以及我们要怎么做。

解析

• rating agencies 评级机构。此处指的是信用评级机构，是依法设立的从事信用评级业务的社会中介机构，即金融市场上一个重要的服务性中介机构，它是由专门的经济、法律、财务专家组成的对证券发行人和证券信用进行等级评定的组织。国际上公认的最具权威性的专业信用评级机构只有三家，分别是美国标准·普尔公司和穆迪投资服务公司和惠誉国际信用评级有限公司。（来源：百度百科http://t.cn/Rig8ZAR）
• “But guess what's really crazy: the way these rating agencies are run. And I would like to explain to you not only why it's time to change this, but also how we can do it”一句包含多个问句。处理时可先不译疑问词，先译出问句的内容，然后补出疑问语气。整句译作“但是猜猜看真疯了是什么样：评级机构的运作方式。我要解释的是改变它们的原因，以及我们要怎么做。”

段落五

But here's the situation: the rating agency market is dominated by three players and three players only — Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and Fitch — and we know whenever there is a market concentration, there is really no competition. There is no incentive to improve the quality of your product. And let's face it, the credit rating agencies have contributed, putting the global economy on the brink, and yet they have to change the way they operate.

参考译文

但是情况是这样：评级机构市场的主导者是三大评级机构——标准普尔公司、穆迪投资者服务公司和惠誉国际信用——大家都知道只要有市场集中化，就不会有真正的竞争，不会刺激改善产品质量。评级机构做出了贡献，让全球经济处于危急关头，但是他们要改变运作方式。

解析

• “the rating agency market is dominated by three players and three players only”一句中的被动变的，译作“……的主导者”。Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and Fitch为世界大评估机构，即标准普尔公司、穆迪投资者服务公司和惠誉国际信用。

• 背景知识：三家评级机构各有侧重，标准普尔侧重于企业评级方面，穆迪侧重于机构融资方面，而惠誉更侧重于金融机构的评级。信用评级机构在金融市场上有着十分重要的影响，但实际上这些评级机构在评定资信级别并不那么可靠。一方面信用评级公司要从请求他们进行评级的上市公司那里收取可观的费用，另一方面要向投资者提供上市公司有关信息的资询服务。在利益的驱动下，信用评级公司难免要提高上市公司的信用等级作为居额费用的回报而提供给投资者的信息难免有虚假成分。（来源：百度知道http://t.cn/RigT3Z6）

第61周汉译英——政府工作报告知识点整理

段落一

实现城镇新增就业5000万人以上。完善收入分配制度，缩小收入差距，提高中等收入人口比重。完善住房保障体系，城镇棚户区住房改造2000万套。

参考译文

We need to create 50 million plus new urban jobs. We need to improve the income distribution system, reduce the income gap, and increase the proportion of the middle-income group in the whole populace. We should improve systems of government housing support, which should include the rebuilding of 20 million housing units in rundown urban areas.

解析

• “实现城镇新增就业5000万人以上”解读为“新增5000万个就业岗位”，同时补译主语we，整句译作“We need to create 50 million plus new urban jobs”。

• “提高中等收入人口比重”指的是“提高中等收入人口在所有人当中的比重”，因而需补译“所有人”对环境的保护”，因而整句译作“increase the proportion of the middle-income group in the whole populace”。

• “完善住房保障体系，城镇棚户区住房改造2000万套。”其中“城镇棚户区住房改造”是“住房保障体系”的一部份。我国城镇住房保障体系的实物保障政策1.1 经济适用住房政策1.2 限价商品住房政策1.3 棚户区改造安置住房政策1.4 廉租住房政策1.5 公共租赁住房政策参考文献（来源：百度百科http://t.cn/RigujWk）

段落二

推进健康中国建设，人均预期寿命提高1岁。构建现代公共文化服务体系，实施公民道德建设、中华文化传承等工程。我们既要让人民的物质生活更殷实，又要让人民的精神生活更丰富。

参考译文

We need to work for progress in building a Healthy China and achieve a one-year increase in average life expectancy. We should build a modern system of public cultural services and put into effect cultural programs to boost civic morality and keep Chinese culture thriving. These efforts should enable people not only to enjoy a better life in material terms, but also to live a more enriching intellectual and cultural life.

解析

• “推进健康中国建设”解读为“努力建设健康的中国，并取得进步”，译作“We need to work for progress in building a Healthy China”。

• 实施 put into effect, carry out, implement

• “中华文化传承”解读为“中华文化继续繁荣下去”，译作“keep Chinese culture thriving”。

• “我们既要让人民的物质生活更殷实” 解读为“我们既要让人民的物质生活变得更好”，译作“These efforts should enable people not only to enjoy a better life in material terms”。