Week 6
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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin或是慧慧，通过审核便可。
下面是笔译训练群的第六周（2015.05.31—06.06）训练日志，共包括六个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Transgenic plants and animals result from genetic engineering experiments in which genetic material is moved from one organism to another, so that the latter will exhibit a characteristic. Business corporations, scientists, and farmers hope that transgenic techniques will allow more cost-effective and precise plants and animals with desirable characteristics that are not available using up to date breeding technology.
转基因动植物系遗传工程试验的产物，在这个实验中，一个生物体的遗传物质被移入另一个生物体内，因而后者就能显示出新的特征。商界、科学家和农民都希望转基因的技术能够培育出更具价格优势、而且是最近的培育技术无法培育的恰遂人愿的动植物。
transgenic plants 转基因植物；
genetic engineering experiments 遗传工程试验；
genetic materials 遗传物质；
organism 有机体；
exhibit 展示，显示（气质、情感或能力）；
cost-effective 有成本效益的，合算的，划算的；
precise ①精确的，准确的：precise sales
figures;②恰好的，确切的：（SYN: exact）At that precise moment, her husband walked in.;
desirable 合意的，理想的；
breeding technology 培育技术。
这类材料感觉好枯燥，各种连汉语都不懂的词汇；
涉及两个定语从句，不算太长，难度也不太大。很多同学包括我，对翻译定语从句长难句很是头疼，推荐一下武峰老师那本书，第一章就讲的这个，很详细，可以看一看。
1978年以来，中国的农业技术得到了很大地改善。中国引进了高产农作物，增加了农用化学品（肥料，杀虫剂）和农业机械的用量，扩大了灌溉面积。农村地区的耗电量（它可视为技术现代化的标志）增加了6倍多。
China has significantly improved its agricultural technology since 1978. The country has introduced high-yield crops, increased its use of agro-chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides) and agricultural machinery, and expanded irrigation. Rural electricity consumption, which can be seen as an indicator of technological modernization, has increased more than six fold.
很大地改善 significantly improve；
高产农作物 high-yield crops；
农用化学品 agro-chemicals；
肥料 fertilizer；
杀虫剂 pesticide；
农业机械 agricultural machinery；
灌溉 irrigation；
耗电量 electricity consumption；
...的标志 an indicator of sth；
技术现代化 technological modernization；
六倍 six fold；
没啥难度，可能有一些词汇我们不太了解需要多查一查。
Maglev is a system in which the vehicle runs levitated from the guideway (corresponding to the rail tracks of conventional railways) by using electromagnetic forces between superconducting magnets on board the vehicle and coils on the ground.
磁浮列车是一个系统。在该系统中，车辆利用车载超导磁铁和地面线圈之间产生的电磁吸力或斥力从导轨（相当于传统铁路的轨道）上浮升起来。
maglev 磁悬浮列车；
levitate [靠魔力]浮在空中，漂浮；
guideway 导轨；
correspond to 相当于；
conventional railways 传统铁路；
electronicmagnetic forces 电磁吸力或斥力；
superconducting magnet 超导磁铁；
coil 线圈；
很长的一个定语，处理起来可能有些棘手。大家遇到这种长定语从句。别慌，一步一步的划分句子成分，每一块都分清楚，在调整语序，就一目了然了；
像这种字数很多的定语从句，我们要把关系代词/副词译出来。比如这句，in which 要译为“在该系统中”，以便更好的衔接上下句；
专业性词汇不少，多查查字典。
柴油机在四个冲程中，只有一个冲程即第二冲程产生功率，这就是为什么柴油机需要有若干个气缸，其数目从用于小功率调车机车的4缸，到用于大功率干线机车的16缸或16缸以上。
It is during one stroke only out of the four, the second that the engine develops its power, and this is why the diesel engine requires a number of cylinders, from four in a small shunter to sixteen or more in a main line unit of high power.
冲程 stroke；
产生功率 develop power；
柴油机 diesel engine；
若干气缸 a number of cylinders；
小功率调车机车a small shunter；
干线机车 a main line shunter；
今天的两篇材料都来自二笔教材，都属于专业领域类型的材料，专业词汇很多。做过三笔教材的应该都知道，三笔上这种材料是基本不涉及。由此我们也能看出二级笔译对译员的要求，在总体提升自身水平的同时，要对自己的专业擅长领域进行划分了。
Tea, that most quintessential of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China, it was not until mid-17th century that the beverage first appeared in England.
茶是英国最具代表性的饮品，然而，茶来到英国是比较晚的。虽然饮茶的习俗可以追溯到公元前3000多年前的中国，但直到17世纪中叶茶才第一次出现在英国。
quintessential 典型的，典范的（SYN: typical）;
latecomer 迟到者，后来者；
relative (a) ①比较的，相对的：The relative merits of both approaches have to be considered.两种方法的相对优点都得考虑在内；②relative to sth 与某事物有关的：facts relative to this issue与这个问题有关的事实；
millennium 千年；
BC（before Christ）公元前，AD（Anno Domini）公元；
beverage 饮料；
第一句的" is a relative latecomer to British shores" 这里不太好处理，如果直接把"latecomer"处理成名词就会显得很别扭。参考译文直截了当，翻译成了时间副词。
在景颇族中，相当多的家庭是由不同支系的人组成的。家庭成员在什么情况下使用何种语言，有传统的习惯，父亲和子女使用父亲支系的语言。
Among the Jingpos, many families are made up of people from different branches that speak different languages. As for what language to speak among family members in a certain situation there is the traditional practice to follow. When the talk is between father and children, or among the children themselves, the father's language is used.
组成 be made up of;
支系 people from different branches that speak different languages；
遵循传统的习惯 follow the traditional practice；
“父亲和子女使用父亲支系的语言”，这句话我是看了译文才理解到，其意思是父亲和子女之间交流，子女之间交流都是要用父亲支系的语言，哈哈，你理解到了吗？
I should like to express my thanks to the mayor of Tianjin, Sun Hailin, and People's Press for their initiative in publishing Chinese Olympic Pioneer-- Zhang Bolin, in recognition of Boling's tireless commitment and contribution to promoting the Olympic ideals in China.
我想借此机会，向天津市副市长孙海麟先生，向人民出版社表示感谢，他们为了表彰伯苓先生在中国发扬光大奥林匹克理想所做出的不懈努力和卓越贡献，主持出版了《中国奥运先驱——张伯苓》一书。
express thanks to sb. 向某人表示感谢；
people's press 人民出版社；
initiative ①自主决断的能力，主动性：I wish my son would show more initiative.②计划，措施：a government initiative to help exporters扶助出口商的政府计划；③主动权：Why don't you take the initiative and ask him out?为什么你不主动请他外出约会呢？；
in recognition of 表彰；
tireless commitment 不懈努力；
the Olympic ideals 奥林匹克理想。
句子从词汇层面而言很简单，没有生词。但是翻译时处理词汇衔接还有语序，我在这里卡了好一会，处理的还是不太好。
《中国奥运先驱——张伯苓》以翔实的史料告诉我们一个基本事实：现代奥林匹克理念是全人类拥有的共同财富，早在一百年前的1907年，在寻求强国之路艰难跋涉中的先进的中国人，就提出了中国要参与奥林匹克赛事，要参加国际奥林匹克大家庭，要邀请奥运会到中国举行。
This book, with detailed historical facts, conveys a message to us that the modern Olympic concept is the real treasure owned by all mankind. As early as 1907, a century ago, Zhang Boling who had received advanced education and Western concepts, proposed , in spite of the harsh social environment at that time, that China compete in the Olympic Games, take part in the Olympic Movement and even host this great event in his home country.
翔实的史料 detailed historical facts；
告诉某人某事 convey a message to sb.；
理念 concept；
财富 treasure；
早在... as early as；
艰难的社会环境 harsh social environment；
参与奥林匹克赛事 compete in the Olympic Games；
主办host；
很多词很简单，自己却在用的时候一点都想不起来，比如convey a message，concept，还是欠火候；
There are more than 20 Summer Olympics sports, including swimming, basketball, soccer, gymnastics, boxing, weight-lifting, yachting, cycling and equestrian events. Skiing, ice-skating and ice hockey are among the 7 Winter Game sports. A competitor must be the citizen of the country he or she represents. No more than three entries from any country are permitted in event (4 in the winter games). Only one team per country is allowed in a team sport.
夏季奥运会有20多个体育比赛项目，包括游泳、篮球、足球、体操、拳击、举重、帆船、自行车、马术。滑雪、滑冰和冰球是冬季奥运会7个项目中的3项。比赛者必须是他或她所代表的国家的公民。一个国家参加任何一项比赛的选手不能超过3名（冬奥会不超过4名），并且只能派一个代表队参加团体体育比赛项目。
gymnastics 体操；
boxing 拳击；
yachting 帆船；
equestrian event 马术；
ice hockey 冰球；
entry①参赛作品；②参赛者的数量。
学习一些体育项目词汇还有奥运会的一些规定。
说来你也许不信。笔者作为陕西斯诺研究中心秘书长，从占有的大量资料中得出这样一个结论，斯诺之所以成为20世纪最著名的记者之一，与他旅游成瘾的个性是分不开的。也许是受马克•吐温作品的影响，斯诺从小就是一个酷爱旅游冒险的孩子。
It may sound incredible, but according to the study of huge amounts of materials available by the present writer, secretary-general of Shaanxi Snow Research Centre, it can be concluded that his addiction to travel indeed contributed to his rise as one of the most prestigious journalists in the 20th century. As a young boy, Snow, who might have been influenced by Mark Twain’s works, was very interested in travel and adventure.
不可信的，难以置信的 incredible；
大量资料 huge amounts of materials；
秘书长 secretary-general；
旅游成瘾 one's addiction to travel；
升迁，成功，兴起 rise；
最著名的记者 the most prestigious journalist；
冒险 adventure；
比较口语化的汉语我认为翻译起来还是不简单的。比如这里的“说来你也许不信”，我想了好一会也没想到用"incredible";
翻译过程中，我们通常需要根据目标语言的语言习惯、逻辑习惯来适当调整语序。这里我认为也是一个难点，我自己在处理的时候总是处理的不太好。
She (Mary Rose Taylor) played an important role in Mayor Campbell’s 1994 election campaign. “I see the Mitchell House and the debate surrounding it as a symbol of Atlanta’s inability to deal with its past,” she says. “I want to use the past to stimulate greater candor about relations, not to glorify the antebellum South.”
泰勒在坎贝尔1994年选战中发挥了重要作用。“我目睹米切尔故居的现状以及围绕着故居去留展开的论战，我将此看作是亚特兰大无力善待历史的象征。” 她说，“我要用历史来激励人们拿出更加坦诚的态度来看待战前种族之间的关系，不要去美化战前的南方。”
election campaign 选战；
candor 坦白，直率：She spoke with candor about her life.；
glorify 吹捧，美化（n. glorification）；
antebellum 战前的（尤指美国南北战争）；
好几处需要我们补（nao）译（bu），比如"I see the Mitchell House and the debate surrounding it", "relations"等。
除夕不放假，这是一个很大、很关键的问题。如今这个问题已经解决。因此，大冯（冯骥才）是怀着一种喜悦和欣慰的心情，迎接着首个放假的除夕的。
People had to work on lunar New Year’s Eve. This crucial problem that has haunted Feng is solved at last. He is greeting the first free New Year’s Eve with a delighted and relieved state of mind.
很大、很关键的问题 the crucial problem；
喜悦和欣慰的心情 a delighted and relieved state of mind；
自己在双语语义转换这一块总是做的不好。“除夕不放假”翻译的时候就一直想着“不放假”，其实不放假就是上班啊；“很大很关键”，一个"crucial"就解决了。
In 1721, James began publishing a newspaper, the New England Courant. Benjamin secretly wrote articles for the paper under the pen name of “Dame Silence Dogood”, putting them under the door of the printing shop late at night so that his brother would not know the articles were his. They were full of humor and wise observations of life in Boston, Franklin’s birthplace, and they immediately became popular with the public.
1721年，詹姆斯开始出版第一份报纸——《新英格兰报》。本杰明悄悄地用笔名“想做个好事的沉默女士”为报纸撰稿，深夜将稿件放在门缝下面，不让哥哥知道文章是他写的。文章描写家乡波士顿的生活，诙谐幽默，立刻受到读者的欢迎。
When James was jailed for criticizing the British authorities, young Benjamin took over the publishing of the paper. In defense of freedom of speech and the press, he courageously printed a quotation from a London newspaper: “Without freedom of thought, there can be no such thing as wisdom; and no such thing as public liberty without freedom of speech; which is the right of every man as far as by it if he does not hurt or control the right of another.”
詹姆斯因批评英国当局被捕入狱，年轻的本杰明接管了报纸的出版工作。为维护言论和出版自由，他大胆的引用了伦敦一家报纸上的话：“没思想自由，就谈不上智慧；没有言论自由，也就谈不上公众自由；这是每一个人的权利，只要他不仰仗自己的权利去伤害或控制别人的权利。”
jail 监禁，拘留：jail sb. for sth, jail sb. for two month/six years/life etc.
the British authorities 英国当局；
take over 接管；
in defense of 维护；
After a quarrel with James, Benjamin left Boston to seek his own fortune. Failing to find work in New York city, the 17-year-old boy went on to Philadelphia where he found a job as a printer’s apprentice and soon had a circle of friends. Within a few years, Franklin had married, had started his own printing shop, and was looked upon as a successful young businessman.
后来本杰明与詹姆斯发生了一场争执，就离开波士顿，去寻找自己发迹的机会。在纽约市没有找到工作，这个17岁的小伙子便前往费城，在那里给一家印刷所当学徒，很快编结交了很多朋友。没有几年的功夫，富兰克林就结了婚。并开了自己的印刷所，成了公认的成功的青年实业家。
seek one's own fortune 寻找自己发迹的机会；
apprentice /əˈprentɪs/学徒，徒弟，新手；
have a circle of friends 结交了很多朋友；
within a few years 没几年的功夫；
look on/upon sb./sth （以某种方式）对待（看待）某人/某物；把某人/某物看做；
总体不难，没有太难的句式，生词也基本没有；
下面是我在翻译过程中遇到的一些问题，希望大家能够避免。第一段中的"putting them under the door" 我翻译成了“放在门下”，我们考虑一下实际情况，显然应该是“放在门缝下”；第二段中的这句话“which is the right of every man as far as by it if he does not hurt or control the right of another.”可能有点乱，逐层拆分理清头绪在翻译；
词汇有大小之分，注意根据实际语境选择不同的词汇。比如这里的“in defense of ”，翻译成“捍卫” 或是“维护” 都是对的，但在这个语境下显然是“维护” 更为恰当；
"seek his own fortune" 翻译成了 “寻找自己发迹的机会”，这种词自己怎么都想不到，只能怪当年体育老师没教好我语文了。
除了兴办近代工业企业外，容闳还十分注重培养西学人才。他两次提议清政府派遣留学生赴美学习。清政府采纳了他的建议，几年内先后派遣120名官费留学生，还任命容闳任中国留学事务所副监督。
Besides, he directed full attention to the training of people with Western learning. Twice had he suggested that the Qing government send students to study in the United States and, over the following few years, the Qing government, adopting his advice, sent 120 students on government funds and appointed Rong Hong as Vice Superintendent for overseas students affairs.
注重 direct full attention to；
西学人才 people with Western learning;
几年内 over the following years；
官费 government funds；
任命 appoint sb. as；
副监督Vice Superintendent
晚年，容闳定居美国，但他对于国家的命运与前途依然极为关注。对孙中山领导的资产阶级革命运动，他给予了极大的支持。直到去世前夕，他还不忘叮嘱自己的两个儿子，一定要放弃在美国的职业，回国服务。梁启超曾经说容闳“舍忧国外，无他思想，无他事业也。”，美国人特韦契耳也评论容闳说：“他从头到脚，身上的每一根神经纤维都是爱国的。”对于这些称誉，容闳是当之无愧的。
In his later years Rong Hong settled in the United States, but his concern for the fate and future of his country was as intense as ever. He extended vigorous moral support to the bourgeois revolution under Sun Yat-sen. Till the last days of his life, he kept telling his two sons to quit their jobs in the United States and go back to China and work for its welfare. The great scholar Mr. Liang Qichao once said, "He had no other thoughts and no other pursuits but concerns for his country." An American once remarked, "Rong Hong has a sense of patriotism in every fiber, from head to foot." He certainly deserves these compliments.
在晚年 in later years/life;
极为关注 intense concern for；
给予极大的支持 extend vigorous moral support；
资产阶级革命 the bourgeois revolution；
在某人领导下 under sb.;
某人去世前夕 the last days of one's life;
事业 pursuit；
评论 remark；
爱国 patriotism；
当之无愧 deserve honors.
参考译文把“美国人特韦契耳也评论容闳说” 这句话直接翻译成 "An American once remarked" 这有点对付了吧。