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ScalersTalk笔译专练小组第27周训练日志
笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（QQ：9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到Kevin或瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第二十七周（2015.10.26—11.01）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
It was only later, when she was a freshman at University of California, Berkeley, that Ms. Castro read a news article and realized that Laurene was Silicon Valley royalty, the wife of Apple's co‐founder, Steven P. Jobs.
卡斯特罗女士成为加州大学伯克利分校大一新生后，有一次读一篇新闻报道，才意识到劳伦可是硅谷的“皇族”，是苹果公司联合创始人斯蒂夫·乔布斯的妻子。
University of California, Berkelely加州大学伯克利分校；
royalty 王室成员；
royalty这里指的是Laurene而不是Steven P. Jobs。
安全上，成员国要继续坚定支持彼此维护国家安全和社会稳定的努力，加大打击“三股势力”和毒品犯罪力度。值得注意的是，当前，地区恐怖主义和毒品犯罪相互勾结的现象愈演愈烈，反恐和禁毒成为需要双管齐下的系统工程。中方认为有必要赋予上海合作组织地区反恐怖机构禁毒职能，加强其综合打击“毒恐勾结”的能力。
On security, member states need to continue to firmly support each other's endeavor to safeguard national security and social stability and intensify efforts to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism and drug‐related crimes. What merits caution is that there is a growing tendency of terrorists and drug criminals colluding with each other in the region. Therefore, counter‐terrorism and anti‐narcotic efforts should be integrated with a two‐pronged approach. China believes that there is a need to give the SCO Regional Counter‐Terrorism Structure the function of anti‐narcotics to enhance its overall ability to fight both terrorism and drug trafficking.
成员国 member states；
努力 endeavor；
维护国家安全 safeguard national security；
加大力度 intensify efforts to do sth；
打击“三股势力” combat terrorism, separatism and extremism；
毒品犯罪 drug-related crimes；
值得注意的是 what merits caution is that；
地区恐怖主义和毒品犯罪相互勾结 terrorists and drug criminals colluding with each other in the region；
愈演愈烈 a growing tendency of；
反恐 counter-terrorism；
禁毒 anti‐narcotic efforts；
双管齐下 with a two-pronged approach；
加强 enhance；
毒品走私 drug trafficing；
翻译“三股势力”要弄明白是哪三股，上文如果没提到，我认为最好还是不要直接处理成“Three Evil Forces”；
文中又出现好几个同义词：努力：endeavor，effort；加强，加大 improve，intensify，enhance，注意多积累。
汉语中以数字加名称短语的“缩略语”较多，翻译时尽可能地具体化，把意思表达清楚。
“地区恐怖主义和毒品犯罪相互勾结的现象愈演愈烈”，汉语可以这样说，但处理成英语要适当变动一下，因为只有“恐怖主义分子”和“毒品罪犯”才能相互勾结，因此，要将这两个名词处理成“人”。
"The canal needs you," television and radio ads implore.
"It will mean more boats, and that means more jobs," said Damasco Polanco, who was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatún, an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal.
The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expansion is expected to generate as many as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in Panama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent of the country lives in poverty.
广播电视广告词也采取温情攻势，“运河需要你”。
在运河补给水库加通湖两岸的努埃沃•普罗维登斯（Nuevo Provedencia）骑马放牛的达玛斯克•波兰科（Damasco Polanco）说，“运河扩建后会有更多的船只通行，会带来更多的就业机会。”
运河现有工作人员8,000 人，扩建后将会新增 4 万个就业岗位。巴拿马失业率为9.5%，贫困率为40%。
implore 恳求，哀求：She implored him to stay.
herd 牧放(牲畜、兽群)；
bank 岸；河畔: He jumped in and swam to the opposite bank.
artificial reservoir 人工水库；
“在运河补给水库加通湖两岸的努埃沃•普罗维登斯（Nuevo Provedencia）骑马放牛的达玛斯克•波兰科”这句话处理的定语有些长了，我试着改了一下：努埃沃•普罗维登斯（Nuevo Provedencia）位于运河补给水库加通湖两岸，在此骑马放牛的达玛斯克•波兰科……。
在他 21 岁的时候，这个年轻人竟怀揣一幅地图，手持一个指南针，摇着轮椅踏上了走遍全中国的艰难路途。
近 21 年来小星手摇轮椅，足迹遍布 31 省、市、自治区，行程 7 万多公里，用坏了4部轮椅。他实现了徒手攀登泰山、华山、衡山等 20 多座名山，孤身翻越海拔 5231 米的唐古拉山，手摇轮椅走过丝绸之路，穿越塔克拉玛干（Taklimakan）大沙漠，徒手攀登上海东方明珠电视塔，圆满完成从沙漠到香港的旅行。
At the age of 21, this young man, with a map and a compass in hand, embarked on the hard journey of traveling around China in his wheelchair.
In the last 21 years, Yin Xiaoxing traveled a total of 70,000 kilometers in his wheelchair and left his footprints in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. During this period, he wore out four wheelchairs. He left a trail of human records including climbing more than 20 famous mountains like Mont Tai, Mount Hua and Mount Heng with his hands, crossing the 5,231-meter-high Mount Tanggula alone, traveling along the Silk Road in wheelchair, crossing the Taklimakan Desert, getting to the top of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in Shanghai with his hands, and completing the journey from the desert to Hong Kong.
踏上艰难旅途 embark on the hard journey；
近21年来 in the last 21 years；
足迹遍布 leave one's footprints in；
市 municipality；
自治区 autonomous region；
用坏 wear out；
徒手攀登 climb with his hands；
孤身翻越 cross mountain alone；
丝绸之路 the Silk Road；
上海东方明珠电视塔 the Oriental Pearl TV Tower；
注意以下几个动词的选用：徒手攀登climb、孤身翻越cross、走过丝绸之路travel along；
Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.
外国文化研究所和出版社都知道美国人向来对文学翻译作品不感兴趣，这就是人们常说的“3%难题”。外国文学翻译作品在美国书市所占份额微不足道，仅为约3%，为了增加份额，外国政府和基金会，特别是欧洲处于边缘化的国家现在开始主动出击，加入到美国出版市场的争夺大战当中。
publisher出版社；
aversion: ~ (to sb / sth) 厌恶，憎恶；
minuscule / ˈminəskjuːl / 极小的，微小的；
foundation 基金会；
taking matters into their own hands（因别人不能处理而）把事情接过来亲自处理；
plunge 'in | plunge 'into sth (尤指用力地)投入,跳进；
fray 争论; 吵架; 打架，斗殴；
这段话如果允许大家查字典的话也许不难，因为这里的几个词组都可以查到，不知在完全凭自己积累的情况下大家是否还认识这几个词组呢。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
国际社会 international community；
共同安全 common security；
以……精神 in a spirit of；
包容 inclusiveness；
共赢 win-win progress；
内部事务 internal affairs；
商量 consultation；
坚定不移奉行 be committed to；
多边主义 multilateralism；
推进国际关系民主化 promote democracy in international relations；
集体地 collectively；
积累表达：“国家无论大小、强弱、贫富”，All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor。
Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand, where the giant waves killed 5,400 and left more than 5,000 missing.
Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, thelargest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the island in largernumbers than last year, according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden.
"We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Eriksson, director of communication for My Travel Sweden. "We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline."
2004年的特大海啸在泰国共造成5400人丧生，超过5000人失踪，而现在赴泰国的游客数量也在不断上升。
当年海啸发生期间，在泰国旅游度假胜地普吉岛有超过 500 名瑞典游客丧生，是外籍游客当中死亡人数最多的。不过，根据“瑞典-我的旅行”的统计，今年重返普吉岛度假 的瑞典游客数量已超过去年。“瑞典-我的旅行”是一家位于斯德哥尔摩的国际旅行社，每 年向国外输送60 万名游客，在瑞典旅游市场占据 28%的份额。
“当时我们相信泰国最终会再次成为瑞典游客心目中的热点旅游目的地，但是没想到 会这么快。今年赴泰瑞典游客人数甚至超过了去年，”该旅行社对外联络部主任约吉姆﹒ 埃里克森说，“我们原以为赴泰游会出现大幅下滑，所以这么强劲的复苏势头确实出乎意料。”
on the upswing 上升
bounce back 回弹
resort 旅游胜地，凭借，手段
基本没有生词，表达方式之前的段落中也都见过，值得注意的是英语句子通过介词等把很多信息揉在一起，译成汉语时要拆开来翻译。
21世纪上半叶的中国人，只能在自己的国土上，通过城市和农村的精心协调发展，通过引导农村富余劳动力在不丧失土地的条件下，在城乡之间有序流动，来解决这个世界级的大难题。
For the Chinese people in the first half of the 21st century, however, they can only tackle this formidable universal problem within its own land, first by carefully coordinating urban and rural development and secondly, by providing guided and orderly flow of redundant rural labor force between the countryside and the city without loss of their lands.
解决难题 tackle the problem
世界性难题 universal problem
典型的中译英，很多小短句，翻译时要理清逻辑关系，摘出主干，然后把各成分糅合在一起。
The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation is starting to establish local disease-control centres to cope with the effects of a virulent mutation, should one occur, but reckons that only one-third of the country will be covered by year's end. A bunch of international do-gooders that is trying to plug some of the gaps is finding it hard to raise money.
联合国粮食与农业组织也开始着手在当地建立疾控中心，以防病毒变异，但估计到年底前也只能覆盖印尼三分之一的地区。一些国际非政府组织也希望给予支持和配合，但是目前筹资是一大难题。
UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation 联合国粮食与农业组织
virulent mutation 病毒变异
do-gooders 做好事的人，空想社会改良家
plug gaps 填补空白，帮助
词性变换，local处理为“在当地”。
do-gooders和plug some of the gaps等有点难度，不太好处理。
中国作为国际社会的重要成员，将一如既往地推进南南合作，在经济不断发展的基础上逐步加大对外援助投入，与世界各国一道，推动实现联合国千年发展目标，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而不懈努力。
As an important member of the international community, China will continue to promote South-South cooperation, as it always has done, gradually increase its foreign aid input on the basis of the continuous development of its economy, promote the realization of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and make unremitting efforts to build, together with other countries, a prosperous and harmonious world with lasting peace .As an important member of the international community, China will renew its commitment to push South-South cooperation forward and scale up its foreign aid as its economy grows. China will join the rest of the world in achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals and building a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
加大对外援助投入 increase its foreign aid input/scale up its foreign aid
联合国千年发展目标UN Millennium Development Goals
不懈努力 make unremitting efforts
持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界a prosperous and harmonious world with lasting peace/ a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity
“与世界各国一道”译成英文时要注意把中国摘出来，是with the rest of the world或者with other countries。
Farms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms do merely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last — and yield —nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.
农场破产原因很多，不过仅仅因为土壤退化而破产的却为数不多，这也正是经营农场的一大优势：如果对农田悉心照料，那么土壤将可永葆肥力，农场也可持续高产。美国是一个相对年轻的国家，历史上尚未对上述理论进行过试验论证。回顾美国的发展史， 在大多数历史阶段，可供开垦的土地不断涌现，现如今，美国的耕种观念依然没变，似乎美国有开垦不完的土地。
go out of business 破产；
miracle of sth: a very good example or product of sth极好的例子；精品: The car is a miracle of engineering. 这辆车是汽车工业的精品。
Still, there are some very old farms out there. The oldest is the Tuttle farm, near Dover, N.H., which is also one of the oldest business enterprises in America. It made the news last week because its owner — a lineal descendant of John Tuttle, the original settler — has decided to go out of business. It was founded in 1632. I hear its sweet corn is legendary.
不过，美国还是有一些颇有年头的老农场，年头最长的当属塔特尔农场。该农场位于美国新罕布什尔州多佛市附近，也是美国历史最为悠久的商业企业之一。就在上周，塔特尔农场成了一大新闻。现农场场主、农场创始人约翰﹒塔特尔的直系继承人宣布农场破产。塔特尔农场成立于 1632 年，据说该农场出产的甜玉米特别有名。
lineal descendant 直系继承人；
legendary 非常著名的；享有盛名的: a legendary figure
business enterprise 商业企业；
The year 1632 is unimaginably distant. In 1632, Galileo was still publishing, and John Locke was born. There were perhaps 10,000 colonists in all of America, only a few hundred of them in New Hampshire. The Tuttle acres, then, would have seemed almost as surrounded as they do in 2010, but by forest instead of highways and houses.
1632 年是多么久远的一个年份，那年，伽利略仍在出书，约翰•洛克(著名的英国哲学家)才刚刚出生。当时，全美共有约 1 万名殖民者，而新罕布什尔只有区区几百名。那时的塔特尔农场四周森林环绕，如今的农场四周已是公路密布，庭院栉比。
It was a precarious operation at the start — as all farming was in the new colonies—and it became precarious enough again in these past few years to peter out at last. The land is protected by a conservation easement so it can’t be developed, but no one knows whether the next owner will farm it.
在新殖民地开垦农场一开始都会出现经营问题，塔特尔农场也不例外。近年来该农场再次出现经营问题，最终难逃破产的命运。塔特尔农场已经签署了保护地役权协定，不允许做其他开发之用，但是接收农场的人会不会继续农场经营还是个未知数。
precarious 不稳的；不确定的；不保险的；危险的 The museum is in a financially precarious position.这家博物馆的财政状况不稳定。
easement地役权(穿越或征用某人土地的权利)；
In a letter on their Web site, the Tuttles cite “exhaustion of resources” as the reason to sell the farm. The exhausted resources they list include bodies, minds, hearts, imagination, equipment, machinery and finances. They do not mention soil, which has been renewed and redeemed repeatedly. It's as though the parishioners of the First Parish Church in nearby Dover—erected nearly 200 years later, in 1829 — had rebuilt the structure on the same spot every few years.
塔特尔农场的网页上载有一封塔特尔家族的公开信，信中称出售农场是因为“资源耗尽”。信中罗列的耗尽的资源包括：身心交瘁、创新力枯竭、设备机械老化、财力不支等等。他们唯独没有提及土壤问题，而土壤历经了循环往复的开垦（肥力如何可想而知）。在临近的多佛市有一座 “第一教区教堂”，兴建于 1829 年，比农场建立的时间晚了近200 年。如果打个比方的话，对农场的循环开垦利用就好比是该教堂的教民每隔几年就在同一地点重建教堂一样。
redeem: to make sb / sth seem less bad补救；弥补；掩饰…之不足 The excellent acting wasn't enough to redeem a weak plot.精彩的表演不足以掩盖情节的拙劣。
parishioner 教区居民；(尤指)教区的教徒；
erect 建立，建造：The church was erected in 1582.
It is too simple to say, as the Tuttles have, that the recession killed a farm that had survived for nearly 400 years. What killed it was the economic structure of food production. Each year it has become harder for family farms to compete with industrial scale agriculture — heavily subsidized by the government — underselling them at every turn. In a system committed to the health of farms and their integration with local communities, the result would have been different. In 1632, and for many years after, the Tuttle farm was a necessity. In 2010, it is suddenly superfluous, or so we like to pretend.
塔特尔农场历经近 400 年的风风雨雨一直经营到现在，塔特尔家族的人称是眼下这场经济衰退使得农场难以为继。这话说起来着实轻巧。可是，真正导致农场破产的是粮食生产的结构性问题。现在，农业实行规模化生产，政府给予大力补贴，大型农场的粮食售价自然会处处低于家族经营的农场，致使这些家族农场在竞争中日益处于劣势。如果美国在粮食生产体系中切实关注农场的健康发展，统筹兼顾农场与当地发展，结局就 不是现在这样了/塔特尔农场就不会落到这般田地。自1632 年建立之后的若干年里，塔特尔农场一直都是（当地发展）不可或缺的一大支柱，而在 2010 年，塔特尔农场转瞬间已成冗余之物，或者说被我们看作是一个累赘。
recession 经济衰退；
industrial scale agriculture 农业规模化生产；
heavily subsidize 大力补贴 ；
undersell 以低于〔他人〕的价格出售; 廉价出售；
commit to 切实关注；
necessity 不可或缺的支柱；
superfluous 过剩的，多余的；
不同的语境下同一个词处理方法是不同的，文中的necessity 是“必需品”的意思，但在本文中则是“不可或缺的支柱”；
60 年来特别是改革开放 30 年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，经济实力和综合 国力显著增强，各项社会事业全面进步，人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康，中国社会迸发出前所未有的活力和创造力。
China has achieved remarkable progress in those 60 years, particularly in the last 30 years since reform and opening-up. China‟s economy and comprehensive national strength have grown significantly and various social programs have made big strides. The Chinese people, once lacking basic living necessities, are now leading a moderately prosperous life, and the whole society is showing unprecedented dynamism and creativity.
同时，我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，中国在发展进程 中遇到的矛盾和问题无论规模还是复杂性都是世所罕见。要全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，进而基本实现现代化、实现全体人民共同富裕，还有很长的路要走。
We are keenly aware, however, that China remains the world‟s largest developing country. The difficulties and problems that we face in development are rarely seen in any other part of the world in terms of their scale and complexity. We still have a long way to go before we can build, in a comprehensive way, a moderately prosperous society of a higher level that will benefit the more than one billion Chinese people, and then achieve basic modernization and bring common prosperity to all our people.
我们将继续从本国国情出发，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，推动科 学发展，促进社会和谐，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，全力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。
We will, in the light of our national conditions, continue to follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, persist in reform and opening-up, promote scientific development and social harmony, and achieve all-round progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and environmental fields. We will ensure that our development is for the people and by the people and the fruits of development are shared among the people.
各项社会事业全面进步various social programs have made big strides
举世瞩目的发展成就remarkable progres
温饱不足lack basic living necessities
总体小康 lead a moderately prosperous life
清醒地认识到 be keenly aware
从基本国情出发 in the light of our national conditions
全面推进…建设 achieve all-round progress in
发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享our development is for the people and by the people and the fruits of development are shared among the people
都是套话，如果你积累的够多，it’s a piece of cake。