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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin或是慧慧，通过审核便可。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第十二周（2015.07.13—07.18）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
One of the most important applications of transgenic animals is the development of new animal models of human disease. Transgenic animals can serve as models for many malignant tumors. Mice have been the most frequent hosts for transgenic modification, other domestic animals have also been used. （本段选自科技文）
转基因动物最为重要的用途之一是开发培育出罹患人类疾病的新型动物。转基因动物可以用来培育罹患多种人类的恶性肿瘤的"模特儿"，老鼠是最常见的用于基因改造的宿主动物，当然还有别的家畜。
serve as 适合（作……用）：The sofa had to serve as a bed. 这张沙发只好当床用了。
malignant tumor 恶性肿瘤；
host 宿主；
transgenic modification 基因改造；
domestic animals 家畜；
第一句话出现了三个of，我在翻译的时候就完全按照其字面意思，全都处理成“……的”了，结果导致译文中出现了很长的定语，这是英汉的一大忌讳。而参考译文则处理的很巧妙，将the development of 这里转化为动词“开发培育”；
尽管汽车和火车的运输能力己大幅度提升，但还是不够。引进食品保鲜、包装、贮藏和分配的高效方法，这些方面中国还有很长的路要走。
Although the transportation capacity by truck and train has been upgraded significantly, it is still inadequate. China's food industry and retail markets have a long way to go in introducing efficient methods of food preservation, packaging, storage, and distribution.
运输能力 transportation capacity；
大幅度提升 upgrade significantly；
不够的 inadequate；
高效方法 efficient ways；
食品保鲜 food preservation；
包装 packaging；
贮藏 storage；
分配 distribution；
难度不大，注意一个小细节，拉货的汽车要用truck而不是car；
Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the tavern owners，as tea cut their sales of ale and gin，and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue from taxes on liquor sales.
茶在咖啡馆里很快风行起来。到1700年已经有500多家咖啡馆卖茶。这使餐馆老板们感到苦恼：茶减少了他们啤酒和杜松子酒的销售。这对政府也不是好消息，征收酒税是政府税收的一个稳定来源。
gain popularity 风行；
coffee house 咖啡馆；
distress 使伤心，使不安，使忧虑: The dream had distressed her greatly. 这场梦使她深感不安。
ale 啤酒；gin 杜松子酒；
tavern 酒馆；小旅店；客；
liquor 烈性酒，含酒精的饮料；
a steady stream of revenue 稳定的收入来源；
这句话的难点可能在最后一句的“depend upon”，我在这里也纠结了一下要不要处理成“依靠”。从参考译文中我们也可以看出，其实不必，“征收酒税是政府税收的一个稳定来源” 就已经把“depend upon” 的意思表达出来了；
过去景颇族曾用物品来传递信息。比如，送上一块带毛的肉，表示有宣战、凯旋、噩耗等大事。
In the past, the Jingpo people often used goods to pass information. For example, a piece of meat with hair on it was a symbol of important events such as declaring war, a victorious army's return, or sad news.
传递信息 pass information；
一块肉 a piece of meat；
表示……a symbol of；
大事 important events；
选战 declare war；
凯旋 a victorious army's return；
噩耗 sad news/evil tidings；
“物品” 这个词群里有几个小伙伴包括我都用了“object”一词，我查了下字典，两个词对比如下：①object：a solid thing that you can hold, touch, or see but that is not alive 实物，物体；②goods：things that are produced in order to be sold 商品；原文并没有强调用“商品”来传递信息，所以我认为这里用“object” 比较合适。
Living in illiteracy is such an unknown-- even a little mysterious-- experience. Yet today nearly a billion people are illiterate, not to mention the 113 million school-aged children who do not attend school.
文盲是怎样生活的？我们不知道；对我们来说，甚至还会感到有些神秘。但即使在今天，世界上还有近10亿文盲，这个数字还不包括1.13亿失学的学龄儿童。
illiteracy 文盲，（adj.）illiterate不识字的，文盲的；
school-aged children 学龄儿童；
好几个小伙伴翻译第一句的时候，都抓住"experience" 不放，翻译成“文盲是怎么一种体验”，换个角度换个说法来处理啊，而且自己思考一下，怎么可能会问文盲是啥体验，难道作者想体验一下文盲么。还是那句话，英汉啊，自己不太清楚怎么处理的时候，那就按照自己的理解尽量处理的逻辑、语言都说得通。
1979年11月，国际奥委会以62票赞成，17票反对，2票弃权表决，通过了国际奥委会执委会做出的关于恢复中国奥委会在国际奥委会合法地位的《名古屋决议》，确认代表中国奥林匹克运动的是中国奥委会，设在台北的奥委会作为中国的一个地区体育组织留在国际奥委会，其名称为中华台北奥委会，并要求其修改会歌、会旗、会徽及章程。
At a meeting held in Nagoya, Japan in November 1979, the IOC passed a resolution drafted by its Executive Board on the restoration to China of its legitimate status in the IOC, with 62 votes for, 17 votes against and 2 abstentions. The Nagoya Resolution also confirmed that the Olympic Committee is the representative of the Olympic Movement in China while the Olympic Committee in Taipei will remain in the IOC under the name of " Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee " as a regional committee with its flag, anthem, emblem and rules changed from the original ones.
通过决议 pass resolution；
执委会 Executive Board；
恢复 restoration；
合法地位 legitimate status；
弃权 abstention；
名称为 under the name of；
会歌 anthem/ˈænθəm /；
会徽 emblem /ˈɛmbləm/；
汉语中出现了好大一串定语，感觉这种处理起来很难，我自己在翻译的时候就被绕进去了。
The games were held every four years, and the period between two celebrations became known as an "Olympiad". The Greeks used Olympiads as one of their methods to count years. 注释：Olympiad 可音译为“奥林皮尔德”，也可不译，保留原文，因为这句原文就是对它的定义。
奥运会每四年举办一次，两次奥运会之间的时间被称作奥林匹尔德，这是希腊人以前用作计算年代的方法之一。
无
难度不大。
柴油机在四个冲程中，只有一个冲程即第二个冲程产生功率，这就是为什么柴油机需要有若干个气缸，其数目从用于小功率调车机车的4缸，到用于大功率干线机车的16缸或16缸以上。
It is during one stroke only out of the four, the second, that the engine develops its power, and this is why the diesel engine requires a number of cylinders, from four in a small shunter to sixteen or more in a main line unit of high power.
冲程 stroke；
产生功率 develop power；
柴油机 diesel engine；
若干气缸 a number of cylinders；
小功率调车机车a small shunter；
干线机车 a main line shunter；
今天的材料属于专业领域类型，专业词汇很多。做过三笔教材的应该都知道，三笔上这种材料是基本不涉及。由此我们也能看出二级笔译对译员的要求，在总体提升自身水平的同时，要对自己的专业擅长领域进行划分了。
“As a journalist, I was interested in sorting out what is myth and what is fact,” Taylor says, “People have a hard time separating the book from the movie. Only about a hundred pages of the book takes place on the plantation, all the rest takes place in Atlanta. The book was written in the twenties, a time of wealth and plenty, but it came out during the Depression and its story of people overcoming defeat made a huge impression on people.
“作为新闻工作者，我致力于分清虚构与事实，” 泰勒说，“有一段时间，人们很难将电影和小说区分开。小说只有一百来页描写庄园发生的故事，剩下的故事全部发生在亚特兰大。小说在20年代完成，那是一个富庶、繁荣的年代，但是等到小说出版的时候，适逢大萧条，故事里的人物面对困难战而胜之的精神给读者留下了深刻的印象。”
journalist 新闻工作者，记者；
sort sth / sb. out ①整理，使整齐: We need to sort out our camping gear before we go away. 我们出发前先要把露营装备整理好。②挑出，拣出: I've sorted out the papers that can be thrown away. 我已经把可以扔掉的文件拣出来了。③解决，处理〔难题或困境〕: She went to a psychiatrist to try to sort out her problems . 她去找了一位精神科医生，想看看自己的毛病。
myth and fact 虚构和事实；
plantation 庄园，种植园；
in the twenties 在20年代；
a time of wealth and plenty 一个富庶、繁荣的年代；
overcome defeat 面对困难战而胜之；
a huge impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象；
“what is myth and what is fact” 这句我们在翻译时要注意措辞，翻译成“什么是神话什么是事实” 虽然意思也表达出来了，但不如参考译文“分清虚构和事实” 更为符合汉语的表达习惯；
注意"it came out" 这里的"it" 指的是这本书。
大冯说，过去我们一到除夕这天，便感到异常尴尬和窘迫，而初五之后又变成“垃圾”时间，使节日变得冗长乏味，却谁也未曾想到这是假期安排不合理而造成的。
Feng said that we often felt extremely awkward and hard pressed by time on the New Year's Eve, while the holidays became "rubbish" after the fifth day into the New Year, making the holiday long and dull. However, nobody has ever realized that this was caused by the improper timing of the holidays.
异常尴尬和窘迫 extremely awkward and hard pressed；
初五 the fifth day into the New Year；
冗长乏味 long and dull；
假期安排不合理 the improper timing of the holidays；
“异常尴尬和窘迫”、“冗长乏味”这两组形容词算是一个小难点，注意用词准确，尽量避免比较低级的词汇。
Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou En-lai. Would this man receive them as fellow countrymen, or would he treat them with cold suspicion and question them cautiously about their past careers as militarists? Chu Teh remembered his age. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.
他们两个人坐火车于一九二二年十月底到达柏林，立即去周恩来的住处。这个人会不会像手足同胞一样接待他们呢？会不会疑虑重重，详细询问他们在军阀时代的经历呢？朱德想起自己的年龄，他已三十六岁，青春像一路鸣叫的老鹰，早已一闪而逝，使他衰老，使他感到失望。
directly：at once；
fellow countryman 手足同胞；
cold suspicion 疑虑重重；
militarist 军国主义者；
a screaming eagle 一路鸣叫的老鹰；
disillusioned 不抱幻想的，失望的，幻灭的，理想破灭的：As she grew older, Laura became increasingly disillusioned with politics. 随着年龄的增长，劳拉对政治越来越不抱幻想了。
When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties.
周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到的是一个身材瘦长、比普通人略高一点的人，两眼闪着光辉，面貌很引人注意，称得上清秀。可是，那是个男子汉的面庞，严肃而聪颖，朱德看他大概二十五六岁的年龄。
slender 修长的，苗条的；
gleaming eyes 闪着光辉的双眼；
striking 吸引人的，惹人注目的: a dark man with striking features 相貌出众、肤色黝黑的男子；
bordered on sth 近似，接近: His confidence bordered on arrogance. 他的自信近乎自负。
manly 有男子气概的; 勇敢而强壮的;
in one's middle twenties 二十五六岁；
Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.
周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在招呼他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。
quiet 举止优雅的；
thoughtful 待人体贴的；
Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet. （注：Chou En-lai 周恩来；Chu The 朱德；Chen Tu-hsiu 陈独秀）
参考译文
朱德顾不得递给他的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调，说明自己的身份和经历：他怎样逃出云南，怎样会见孙中山，怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝，怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。他要求加入中国共产党在柏林的党组织，他一定会努力学习，努力工作，派他做什么工作都行，只要不再回到旧的生活里去，旧的生活已经在他脚下化为尘埃了。
词汇整理
squarely 端端正正地；
more than ten years his junior 比他小十几岁；
a level voice 平稳的语调；
fly from 逃出某地；
repulse ①使厌恶，使反感; I was repulsed by the horrible smell. 这种可怕的气味让我恶心。②击退；打垮；驱逐 ：to repulse an attack / invasion / offensive 击退一次进攻/入侵/攻势 ；③ 拒绝接受；回绝 ：Each time I tried to help I was repulsed. 每次我想要帮忙都遭到了拒绝。
第一段中的"leave" 在这里并不是“留下什么东西”的意思，而是相当于cause to be，即“使……处于（某种状态）”；
好多词汇要结合相应的语境来处理，比如bordered on beautiful这里描述的是一个男人，要用“清秀”而不是“美丽”或是“漂亮”，其他类似的词汇还有quiet, shy这里都是描述周恩来的，都要注意措辞；
孟子是我国古代一个大学问家。他姓孟名轲。幼时家境贫穷，生活困难。不幸在他三岁的时候，父亲去世了。母子无依无靠，处境更加艰难。怎么办呢？孟母向人借了一架机杼，靠织布维持生计。
Meng Ke, generally known as Mencius, was a great scholar of ancient China. Born into a poor family, he led a hard life in his early childhood. At the age of three, he lost his father. With no one to support them, mother and son found life still more difficult. What was to be done? Meng’s mother borrowed a loom and began to weave for a living.
大学问家 a great scholar；
过〔某种生活〕lead: lead a life of luxury / poverty etc 过着奢侈/贫困等的生活；
机杼 loom；
weave 织，编织；
孟轲慢慢长大了。但他非常贪玩，不爱读书学习。有一天，还不到放学的时候，他悄悄溜出学堂，跑回家来。 （注释：①孟子 Mencius；②机杼 loom）
As he grew older, Meng Ke still loved to play and hated to study. One day, he slipped out of school and went home before classes were over.
悄悄溜出学堂 slipped out of school；
这种故事题材的文章，汉语读起来很简单，可是处理成英语我觉得还是很难的。