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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（QQ：9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到Kevin或瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第二十一周（2015.09.14—09.20）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Viewed from the United States or Asia, Denmark is an environmental role model. The country is "what a global warming solution looks like," wrote Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council, in a letter to the group last autumn. About one-fifth of the country's electricity comes from wind, which wind experts say is the highest proportion of any country.
在美国和亚洲各国看来，丹麦是环保领域的典范。自然资源保护委员会主席弗朗西斯•贝尼克去年秋天致该委员会的信中说，丹麦“是应对全球变暖的样板”。丹麦风力发电量占全国发电总量的五分之一左右，风能专家称这一比例列世界之首。
role model 模范，榜样；
a letter to 致某某的一封信；
proportion 比例，份额；
这段话不难，但是有些地方要注意语言的简练，也就是少说废话。比如a letter to the group 我处理成了“给该组织写了一封信”，含义表达上虽然没什么问题，但是明显不如参考译文的“致某人的信”更为正式、简练。
1949 年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从 1978 年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。
After the founding of New China in 1949, we have made arduous explorations in the course of our development, going through both the joys of success and the frustrations of failure. Starting from 1978, China has embarked on a new journey of transforming from a planned to a market economy, from cloistered up to opening up, from exclusive self-sustaining to integration into globalization. By following a path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics in an independent and self-reliant manner, we have scored glorious achievements that attracted worldwide attention.
（中国）建立 found；
艰辛探索 arduous exploration；
在发展道路上 in the course of development；
经历 go through；
成功的喜悦 the joys of success；
失败的挫折 the frustrations of failure；
从事,着手,开始(新的或艰难的事情): embark on / upon sth；
新的征程 new journey；
计划经济/市场经济 planned/market economy；
封闭 cloistered up；
自成一体 exclusive self-sustaining；
融入经济全球化 integration into globalization；
中国特色社会主义 socialism with Chinese characteristics；
独立自主 independent and self-reliant；
取得辉煌成就 score glorious achievements；
举世瞩目的 attracted worldwide attention；
注意文中的“计划”和“市场”指的是“计划经济”和“市场经济”，不能简单的从字面意思处理；
从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，这里出现了三个“从……到……”，句式结构一样，所以处理成英语时只需要把第一个处理成 transform from，其余直接用from 即可。
Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the post war challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation. In Professor Friedman's view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work.
二战后，弗里德曼高举经济保守主义的大旗，向凯恩斯理论发起挑战。凯恩斯勋爵是英国经济学家，主张在资本主义国家中政府有责任帮助摆脱经济衰退，防止经济过热引发高通胀。当时，凯恩斯的理论被奉若神明。弗里德曼教授认为，政府的职责与凯恩斯理论恰恰相反，即，政府不应干预经济，而应让自由市场自行运转，无为而治。
economic conservatism 经济保守主义；
hallowed 神圣的；
capitalistic economies 资本主义国家；
high inflation 高通胀；
keep hands off the economy 不干预经济；
参考译文把原文语序完全打碎处理成中文，让中文行文更流畅、逻辑更紧密。我们在以后翻译的过程中也要学习这种方法，在保证译文准确、逻辑通顺的情况下，可以完全按照中文行文逻辑来处理译文。
注意文中的the British economist值得是凯恩斯而不是弗里德曼；
古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。
From ancient times till now, tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge, varied experience and good health. In ancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of "appreciating the landscape through sightseeing". Ancient People also proposed to "travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books'', which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers.
古往今来 from ancient times till now；
美好追求 happy wish；
表现，显露 demonstrate；
丰富的阅历 varied experience；
强健的体魄 good health；
提出……思想 raise the idea of；
观国之光 appreciating the landscape through sightseeing；
读万卷书，行万里路 travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books；
游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华 find pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers；
这句话虽然不长，但难点着实不少，遇到这种类型的文章，多积累，因为经常出现的汉语成语或短语总是那么几个；
We read a personal and moving account of a friend and how he struggled to help shape a literacy programme which was transformed and empowered in the real sense of the world. We hear from those who work in policy formulation, from a researcher, feeding into policy-making work spanning a thirty-year career in peace and war and we catch a glimpse of how international civil servants strive to influence a large bureaucracy whilst keeping their feet on the ground. Not to mention a chilling account of literacy efforts in time of civil war.
我们也读到了一位朋友关于他自己经历的动人的叙述；他克服了种种困难，帮助制定了“扫盲计划”，从而使扫盲工作有了依据，也使这项工作有了彻底的改观。我们也能听到那些制定扫盲政策的人讲述他们的经历。有一位研究人员，不论在和平时期，还是在战争时期，整整三十年一直在协助制定政策。在这本小册子里，我们也可看到，那些国际机构的工作人员怎样努力对庞大的官僚政府机构施加影响，同时又能根据实际情况，脚踏实地地进行工作；而在内战时期扫盲工作者的经历，那更是惊心动魄。
account: a written or spoken description of sth that has happened 描述；敍述；报告: She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她向警方详尽地敍述了所发生的事情。
shape a literacy programme 制定扫盲计划；
in the real sense 真正意义上的；
empower: to give someone more control over their own life or situation 使自主; 使控制局面；
feed into: to have an effect on something or help to make it happen 影响: The influence of Italian designer fashion feeds into sports fashion.意大利名师设计的时装潮流影响了运动时装。
policy formulation 政策制定；
international civil servants 国际机构的工作人员；
bureaucracy 官僚体制，官僚制度；
whilst: while: 当…时; 在…的过程中; 虽然，尽管 ；
keep feet on the ground 脚踏实地；
chilling: 令人毛骨悚然的，令人害怕的: the chilling sound of wolves howling 令人毛骨悚然的狼嚎；
群里有小伙伴说开篇就没看懂这是咋回事，我想你首先可能是上周三的练习没做，背景知识不了解，其次文章开头的account没查字典，看见它第一反应是“账户”；
中国历来重视人才工作，并实施“人才强国”战略，大力开发人力市场资源， 为人才发挥作用创造必要的条件和环境。经过多年的实践，中国已经形成了一套比较完整的工程技术人员制度， 并探索实行工程技术人员职称聘任制度。
Human resource development has long been high on the agenda of China. The Chinese government has put in place the strategy of empowering the country with a strong pool of talents in ways that make it possible for/enable talents to bring their potential into full play/bring out their best/reach their full potential. Years of practice has shaped/resulted in/culminated in a complete/well-developed personnel system for engineers and technicians, who are now employed in line with professional titles.
某人重视……sth is high on the agenda of sb.；
人才工作 human resource development；
人才强国战略 the strategy of empowering the country with a strong pool of talents；
实施 put in place；
发挥作用 bring one's potential into full play/bring out one's best/reach one's ful potential；
多年的实践 years of practice；
形成 shape/result in/culminate in；
完整的工程技术人员制度 a complete/well-developed personnel system for engineers and technicians；
职称聘任制度 be employed in line with professor title；
人才强国、职称聘任制度这些都是固定表达，多积累、多背诵。
Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort," said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, "It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."
总部设在伦敦的世界旅游旅行理事会副理事长尤菲﹒易卜拉欣说，“现在每当发生天灾人祸后，旅游业复苏步伐似乎都在加快，且发展势头更猛。”去年7月8日伦敦发生了自杀性爆炸事件，导致 56 人丧生，700 人受伤。谈及伦敦的旅游业发展，尤菲﹒易卜拉欣说，“现在旅游人数几乎翻番，感觉就像是爆炸袭击后那些刻意避开伦敦的游客现在改变了主意，（为弥补缺憾，）非要二度畅游伦敦一样。”
bounce back 复苏；
tourism and travel 旅游旅行；
suicide bombers 自杀性爆炸；
stay away 避开，躲避；
最后这句：It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice.我觉得参考译文处理的很巧妙，虽然把twice用了两边，先是说游客数量翻番，再说二度重游，但并有增加原文的意思，却达到了让译文更通顺、流畅的效果。
亚洲和平、稳定、发展的整体氛围，促进了亚洲区域合作进程的快速发展，一个平等、多元、开放、互利的地区合作新局面正在逐步形成。特别是以东亚、东盟、中亚、 南盟、亚洲合作对话以及多双边自由贸易安排为标志，各种形式的区域、次区域经济合作蓬勃发展。这同样也是一个新机会。
这些积极而重大的变化，既为推动亚洲区域合作提供了有利条件，也为亚洲各国和地区的发展带来了历史性机遇。只要我们继续相互尊重、平等对待，把握发展的机会， 把握住自己的命运，就一定能够促进亚洲的发展与振兴，达致互利共赢的目标。
The overall peace, stability and development in Asia have led to fast progress in the regional cooperation process. A new type of regional cooperation based on equality, diversity, openness and mutual benefit is taking shape. Various regional and sub-regional economic cooperation mechanisms have grown in strength, which include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, those in East Asia and Central Asia, and multilateral and bilateral free trade arrangements. This is another opportunity that Asia should seize.
These positive and major developments have brought about both favorable conditions for regional cooperation and historical opportunities for the development of Asia. We should respect and treat each other as equals, seize the opportunities of development and hold our destiny in our own hands. As we do this, we will certainly achieve mutual benefit and win-win progress and promote development and rejuvenation of Asia.
快速发展 fast progress；
区域合作进程 the regional cooperation process；
多元 diversity；
互利 mutual benefit；
形成 take shape；
次区域的 sub-regional；
东盟 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)；
南盟 the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation；
亚洲合作对话 Asia Cooperation Dialogue；
蓬勃发展 grow in strength；
多双边自由贸易安排 multilateral and bilateral free trade arrangements；
新机会 another opportunity；
有利条件 favorable conditions；
历史性机遇 historical opportunity；
相互尊重，平等对待 respect and treat each other as equals；
把握自己的命运 hold one's destiny in one's own hands；
振兴 rejuvenation；
互利mutual benefit；
共赢 win-win progress；
文中出现一连串并列成分，我遇到这个也很头疼，不知道怎么将这些并列成分连接起来，不得以用了一连串and，as well as，而参考译文则是各种表达穿插比如based on，which等；
中文中很多成分在英文里不用译出来，比如“亚洲和平、稳定、发展的整体氛围”这里的氛围就不用译出“atmosphere”；
The internet can be used to provide indicators of activity and reach; however, these benefits in no way eliminate the more conventional, strategic wisdom that highly successful international sales organizations, in one way or another, employ. Surprisingly, this hit-and-miss approach to international expansion is not exclusive to small-and medium-sized companies. Many well-recognized large companies spin the same wheel of chance.
国际互联网可以提供一些有关公司经营范围及联系方式的线索，但互联网带来的这些好处都无法代替人们的传统智慧和战略思维，一些在国际销售方面业绩非凡的企业就是以此走向成功的。令人惊讶的是，这种盲目出击开拓国际市场的做法不仅存在于中小型企业，就连许多知名大公司的做法也如出一辙，仅仅依赖运气。
reach (n.) the limit to which sb / sth has the power or influence to do sth 波及范围；影响范围: Such matters are beyond the reach of the law. 这样的事情不受法律的保护。
strategic wisdom 战略思维；
conventional wisdom 传统智慧；
hit-and-miss: done in a way that is not planned or organized 无计划（组织）的;
spin the same wheel of 如出一辙；
spin the same wheel of chance 参考译文处理成了“做法也如出一辙，仅仅依赖运气”真是太棒了，不仅处理的很形象而且很准确；
曾几何时，美国把日本当作替罪羊，说是日本人抢走了美国人的饭碗。 然后又指责墨西哥。现在又指控说中国人做事不公，以廉价的币值和较低的单位成本向美国出口产品。在此情况下，美国的高价产品滞销，美国工厂的库存积压，其结果是工人失业，甚至工厂关闭。所以，中国的经济政策应对美国的失业问题负责。此种论调根本站不住脚。
It was not too long ago that the Japanese were made the scapegoat of the Americans. They were accused of taking American jobs. Then the Mexicans were accused. Now they have found another accusation, saying that the Chinese are not fair — they go about exporting to the U.S. by taking advantage of a cheap yuan which means lower unit costs of Chinese goods. Such being the case，higher priced American goods are not selling well, and inventories build up at U.S. factories, and the result is layoffs or, even worse, plant closings. Therefore, it is argued that China’s economic policies are responsible for the job losses in the U.S. An argument of this kind can hardly hold water.
曾几何时 It was not too long ago that；
替罪羊 scapegoat；
指控，指责 accuse of；
谴责 accusation；
go about 从事，着手做；
利用 take advantage of；
较低的单位成本 lower unit costs；
在此情况下 such being the case；
(商店的)存货,库存: inventory；
失业 job loss；
站得住脚，合情合理 hold water；
曾几何时的意思是“时间没过多久”，我一直误以为是“以前，曾经”，大家注意不要犯类似的错误，说出去要让人笑话。
There was, last week, a glimmer of hope in the world food crisis. Expecting a bumper harvest, Ukraine relaxed restrictions on exports. Overnight, global wheat prices fell by 10 percent.
上周，世界粮食危机出现了一线转机。乌克兰预期粮食丰收，因而放宽了粮食出口限制。一夜之间，全球小麦价格下挫 10%。
a glimmer of hope in 一线转机
By contrast, traders in Bangkok quote rice prices around $1,000 a ton, up from $460 two months ago.
相比之下，曼谷大米报价为每吨 1,000 美元左右，相比两个月前每吨 460 美元的价格有了大幅上涨。
Such is the volatility of today’s markets. We do not know how high food prices might go, nor how far they could fall. But one thing is certain: We have gone from an era of plenty to one of scarcity. Experts agree that food prices are not likely to return to the levels the world had grown accustomed to any time soon.
这就是当今市场剧烈波动的真实写照。我们无从知晓价格的涨跌幅度，但是有一点可以肯定，那就是：我们已经告别了富足时代，转而进入了匮乏时代。专家们一致认为， 短期内粮价不太可能恢复到正常水平。
volatility 挥发性，易变，活泼，波动性
an era of plenty/scarcity 富足/匮乏时代
grow accustomed to 习惯于
Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day - the “bottom billion,” the poorest of the world’s poor. Most live in Africa, and many might typically spend two-thirds of their income on food.
现在全球“最底层的 10 亿人”每天生活费不足 1 美元，是世界上最贫苦的人群，我们不妨设身处地想想他们现在的处境如何。这个群体中大部分人生活在非洲，对于他们当中的许多人而言，食品开支往往要占到收入的三分之二。
the poorest of the world’s poor 世界上最贫苦的人
live on 靠...为生
In Liberia last week, I heard how people have stopped purchasing imported rice by the bag. Instead, they increasingly buy it by the cup, because that’s all they can afford.
我听说上周利比里亚的民众不再拿袋子去购买进口大米，更多的人是拿着杯子去买米，因为他们的钱只够买一杯米。
Traveling though West Africa, I found good reason for optimism. In Burkina Faso, I saw a government working to import drought resistant seeds and better manage scarce water supplies, helped by nations like Brazil. In Ivory Coast, we saw a women’s cooperative running a chicken farm set up with UN funds. The project generated income - and food - for villagers in ways that can easily be replicated.
走访西非国家后，我发现我们仍有理由保持乐观。在布基纳法索，当地政府积极进口抗旱粮种，同时在巴西等国家的帮助下改善对宝贵水资源的管理。在科特迪瓦，一个女性合作社在联合国基金的扶持下开办了一家养鸡场，为当地村民创收又增产，这种模式也很易于推广。
traveling though West Africa 走访西非国家
work to import 积极进口
generate income and food 创收增产
easily be replicated 易于推广
Elsewhere, I saw yet another women’s group slowly expanding their local agricultural production, with UN help. Soon they will replace World Food Program rice with their own home-grown produce, sufficient to cover the needs of their school feeding program.
在其他国家和地区，有的妇女团体在联合国的帮助下逐步扩大当地农业生产规模。用不了多久，她们就可以生产出足够多的大米来满足当地学校供餐的需要，届时世界粮 食署也将终止在当地的粮援工作。
cover the needs of 满足需要
These are home-grown, grass-roots solutions for grass-roots problems - precisely the kind of solutions that Africa needs.
对于基层问题总可以找到因地制宜的解决方案，对非洲而言尤其如此。
home-grown 当地出产的，本国产的
很多小伙伴觉得周任务太长，把周任务当成“负担”，其实随着练习量增加，慢慢就会觉得周任务这几百字根本不叫事儿。
这一篇应该说没什么难度，就是要注意表达通顺一些，该增译要增译，比如“ up from $460 two months ago”增译出“有了大幅上涨”，而“how high food prices might go, nor how far they could fall”直接译为“涨跌幅度”就可以。
中国为种类繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。饮食是中国文化的一大要素。中国共有8大菜系，包括辛辣的川菜和清淡的粤菜。中国餐馆在 世界各地很受欢迎。
China takes great pride in its varied cuisines, and food is an important element of the Chinese culture. There are eight principal cuisines, including the spicy Sichuan dishes and the light Cantonese cooking. Chinese restaurants are very popular in all parts of the world.
为...感到自豪 be pride of, take pride in
八大菜系 eight principle cuisines
粤菜 Cantonese dishes/cuisines/cooking
然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐馆，都出现了全新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄酱。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，包括麦当劳、肯德基和必胜客。市场调查显示，在未来几年里，西式快餐的消费在中国将以每年超过45%的速度持续增长，而中式快餐店有望增加15%。
However, changing lifestyles in China have led to new eating habits at home and in restaurants. Cheese and tomato sauces are being brought into some traditional Chinese dishes. Urban consumers have taken readily to fast-food chains, such as McDonald's, KFC and Pizza Hut. Market research shows that Western-style fast-food consumption will continue to grow in China, at an annual rate of more than 45 percent in the coming few years, while Chinese fast-food outlets are projected to grow by 15 percent.
快餐连锁店 fast-food chains
中式快餐店 Chinese-style fast-food outlets
有望增加 be projected to grow
收入的不断增长，对国际食品更多的了解，加上超市购物的便捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及罐装食品的新一代消费者。随着越来越多的家庭拥有冰箱，超市的冷冻食品不断增加，从速冻饺子到炸薯条应有尽有。绿色有机食品也出现在大城市的商店里，但价格可能比传统产品贵很多。
Rising incomes, combined with greater awareness of international foods and convenient supermarket, have led to the emergence of a new generation of consumers who are more willing to try packaged and canned food products. As more and more households own refrigerators，frozen food, from ready-made dumplings to French fries, are available in supermarkets. Organic products can also be found at stores in big cities， although they can be much more expensive than conventional products.
更多的了解 greater awareness of
家庭 household
速冻饺子 ready-made dumplings
由于生活方式的变化，越来越多的中国人不愿每天都采购食品。这使包装食品更容易为大众所接受。随着有车族的增加和新城区的涌现，超市更是日益流行。
Owing to changed lifestyles, a growing number of Chinese are unwilling to go shopping for food every day, leading to an increased acceptance of packaged items. Rising car ownership and the emergence of new suburbs are additional factors in the growing popularity of supermarkets.
使...更容易为大众所接受 lead to an increased acceptance of
有车族的增加 raising car ownership
新城区 new suburbs
翻译过程中很容易照字面意思堆，参考译文中“中国人的生活方式日益变化”直接处理成了名词短语”changing lifestyles“，“出现在商店里”译为“can be found at stores”，等灵活处理、句式变换，都很值得学习。