Week9
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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin或是慧慧，通过审核便可。
下面是笔译训练群的第九周（2015.06.21—06.27）训练日志，共包括六个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
As the embryo develops, the foreign gene may be present in many cells of the body, including the germ cells of testis or the ovary. If the transgenic animal is fertile, the inserted foreign gene (transgene) will be inherited by future progeny.
随着胚胎的发育，异体基因有可能进入身体的许多细胞中，包括睾丸或卵巢的生殖细胞。如果转基因动物具有繁殖能力，植入的异体基因（转基因）就会遗传给下一代。
embryo 胚胎；
testis 睾丸；
ovary 卵巢；
germ cells 生殖细胞；
progeny 子女，幼崽；
fertile（指动植物）能结果实的, 能生育的.
除了几个专业词汇需要查字典之外，把这句话意思翻译出来并不难。但有些专业词汇我们在处理时可能会出现一点偏差。比如develop我翻译成了“生长”，fertile 我翻译成了“具备生育能力”，这里处理的明显不如参考译文更加专业。
中国的“绿色革命”，同20世纪70年代的经济改革（当时采用了家庭联产承包责任制）一起，大大提高了食品供给量。
In combination with the economic reforms of the 1970s that re-introduced family farming, China’s “Green Revolution” has led to the spectacular increase in food production.
同……结合 in combination with；
采用re-introduce/adopt；
家庭联产承包责任制 family farming/ the household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output；
大大提高 the spectacular increase；
不明白为啥参考译文“采用”处理成了"re-introduce"：再引入。我认为用"adopt", "introduce" 就可以了。
The long-stator linear motor in the guideway is divided into segments which are individually switched on and off, with power only being supplied to the given segment as the train passes.
导轨上的长定子线性电机被分成区段，各区段均有独立开关，只有列车通过该区段时才有电力感应。
The long-stator linear motor 长定子线性电机；
segment 段，部分；
大家自己百度一下 “长定子线性电机”看看到底长啥样，有助于对原文的理解。
两冲程发动机的活塞每次回程都产生燃烧，不像四冲程的活塞每隔一次回程才产生燃烧，但其功率并不是按比例增大，因为两冲程发动机的效率比四冲程的效率更低。
The power of a two-stroke engine does not go up in proportion to the fact that combustion takes place on every return stroke of the piston, instead of on every alternate return stroke, because the two-stroke engine is less efficient than the four-stroke.
燃烧 combustion；
按比例增大 go up in proportion；
回程 return stroke；
活塞 piston；
间隔的 alternate；
除了专业词汇多，不太理解之外，有两个地方我认为也不太好处理：一个是“每隔一次回程”，其次是“按比例增大”。
Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway, who owned an establishment in Exchange Alley. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657.
令人不可思议的是，将茶推介给英国人的是伦敦的咖啡馆。托马斯·加威是第一批在咖啡馆里供应茶的商人之一。他在伦敦交易街开了一家咖啡馆，早在1657年就向人们出售茶水和茶叶。
curiously 令人不可思议地；
coffee house 咖啡馆（一般作为常客聚谈的非正式俱乐部，在17、18世纪的英国尤其多）；
merchant 商人；
最后一句话中的“liquid”，我翻成了“饮料”，事后看了参考译文才意识到任何词汇都要放到文中背景来看啊，这个词在这里明显是“茶水”。翻译要瞻前顾后，不可太过“投入”。
不同的支系的青年男女恋爱叙衷肠时，男子往往主动使用女子支系的语言，以示爱慕之心。一旦他们结了婚，又各自恢复使用本支系的语言。
When a boy is in love with a girl from a different branch, the boy usually speaks in the girl’s language voluntarily to show respect. Once they are married, he picks up his own filiation again
恋爱叙衷肠 be in love with sb.；
主动地 voluntarily；
（语言等）分支 filiation；
“叙衷肠”、“爱慕之心” 这些词自己在翻译的时候是真想不到怎么表达好；
“各自恢复使用本支系的语言” 注意这里是男子自己恢复，人家女孩本来就没变，所以是 he, his；
原来淳朴的少数民族男人也是婚前婚后两个样啊，哈哈哈。
I trust that each of you will enjoy Chinese Olympic Pioneer--Zhang Boling, an inspiring publication about the story of a man of passion and conviction for whom as "Olympic is more than just a question of competition sport: it is a state of mind."
我相信，你们每个人看了《中国奥运先驱——张伯苓》这本书后会感到鼓舞，从中感受到一个充满激情和信念的人所传递出的精神——奥林匹克运动不仅是竞技体育，更是一种思想境界。
conviction ①坚定的信仰：deep/strong conviction;②深信，坚信，肯定：He was able to say with conviction that he had changed. ③定罪，判罪：They had no previous conviction.
a state of mind 思想境界；
以下是我在翻译这段话时暴露的问题，希望大家能够避免：①有的地方处理的不够精当：each of you 我翻译成“大家”，不如参考译文的“你们每个人”更恰当准确；②最后一句中的"a question of competition sport" 这个地方的"question" 其实不必译出，我给处理成“竞技体育的问题”。
从张伯苓先生提出中国要参与奥林匹克运动，到北京奥运会即将举办，整整一百年过去了。中国人在践行奥林匹克理念方面，走过一条不平坦的道路。
A century has elapsed since Mr. Zhang proposed that China participate in the Olympic Movement, and Beijing is about to host the Olympic Games. The journey we traveled in practicing Olympic concepts had been full of twists and turns.
（时间）过去，消逝 elapse：Three years have elapsed since we last met. ；
将要做……be about to；
践行奥林匹克理念 practice Olympic concepts；
走过……的道路 travel the journey；
不平坦的（道路）（journey）be full of twists and turns；
从（一个句子）到（一个句子），这个“从”我想了好一会也没想到"since"，一直都是"from...to..."萦绕在我的脑海；
From then on, the Olympic Games were quickly becoming more and more important throughout ancient Greece, reaching their zenith in the 6th and 5th centuries BC.
从那时起，在整个古希腊，奥运会很快变得越来越重要，在公元前五、六世纪达到了鼎盛时期。
zenith（事物发展的）顶峰，顶点：reach its zenith/be at its zenith；
不要混淆BC和AD，一个是公元前，一个是公元，之前也提过了；
请你不要认为这是一个草率而匆忙的举动，很久以来，我就有周游世界各地的强烈愿望。……对我来说，有趣的生活，快乐的日子只有一件事，那就是旅行！冒险！经历！
Please don't regard my departure as careless and hasty. In fact, I have cherished the aspiration to tour the world for a long time...As far as I am concerned, what can keep my life happy and meaningful are travel, adventure, and the direct involvement.
草率的 careless；
匆忙的 hasty；
周游世界 tour the world；
强烈愿望，志向，抱负 aspiration；
对我来说，就我而言 as far as I am concerned；
经历 direct involvement；
文中有一句话体现了中英两种语言的一点差异，“有趣的生活，快乐的日子只有一件事，那就是旅行！冒险！经历！” 这句话如果我们按照中文字对字翻译过来"one thing...is travel, adventure and direct involvement"，那就错了。而参考译文就用了“what”。这个叫啥差异我讲的好乱，给你们一个眼神你们自己体会。
Mitchell's apartment house on Peachtree and Tenth Street dates back to 1899, Taylor tells me. Mitchell moved into an apartment on the ground floor in 1925 (she was a writer for the Atlanta Journal at the time)，and she wrote most of Gone with the Wind there, before moving out in 1932.
泰勒告诉我，桃树路与第十大街口米切尔居住过的公寓1899年竣工，米切尔1925年搬去住在楼下的一套公寓里（当时她是亚特兰大《每日记事报》的记者），《飘》大部分写成于此。1932年米切尔才搬到别处居住。
ground floor 底层，一楼；
"moved into an apartment on the ground floor" 这句话参考译文明显是错的，建议译为 “搬到一楼的一间公寓”；
"house on Peachtree and Tenth Street" 这句话真给我弄迷糊了，我还以为是在桃树大街和第十大街的两个房子米切尔都住过，原来是俩大街路口的一个房子。
整个春节期间，最重要的一天不是正月初一，而是除夕。只有除夕才有“守岁”的习俗，才能聆听新年钟声，燃放烟花爆竹，才有“辞旧迎新”的意味；只有除夕才能最深刻地体现春节的最大主题“团圆”。
The most significant day of the Spring Festival holidays is the New Year’s Eve rather than the New Year’s Day. The ceremony of staying overnight to greet the New Year is observed only during the eve when people listen to the toll of the New Year bell, setting off fireworks and firecrackers, events that are imbued with the implications of “ringing out the old and ushering in the new”, when the theme of reunion is highlighted to the full.
正月初一 the New Year's Day；
守岁 stay overnight to greet the New Year；
新年的钟声 the toll of the New Year bell；
燃放烟花爆竹 set off fireworks and firecrackers；
使某物拥有某种特性，使某人充满（强烈情感、想法）imbue sb./sth with sth: His philosophical writings are imbued with religious belief；
辞旧迎新ringing out the old and ushering in the new；
团圆 reunion；
今天的中英，英中参考译文我觉得都不咋地，大家取其精华去其糟粕，翻译这东西本来也没啥标准答案。
As an experimenter and practical user of scientific facts, Franklin looked for easier and better ways to do things. He invented an open stove, the Franklin stove, which gave more heat and wasted less fuel than a fire place. He also made the first pair of bifocal glasses and invented a musical instrument called the glass harmonica and the stepladder chair.
作为一位科学试验者和科学成果的应用者，富兰克林做任何事情总是寻找简便易行的方法。他发明了一种开放式火炉——富兰克林火炉。这种火炉比壁炉更暖和，而且节省燃料。他还制造了世界上第一副双光眼镜，发明了一种叫玻璃琴的乐器和活动梯子。
easier and better ways 简便易行的方法；
fire place 壁炉；
bifocal glasses 双光眼镜（百度百科：当一个人由于年龄增长而眼调节力减弱时，就需要对视远和视近分别作视力矫正，这时往往需配两副眼镜分别戴用，这就很不方便，因此产生了将两种不同屈光力磨在同一镜片上，成为两个区域的镜片，这种镜片就称作双光镜或双焦点眼镜。）；
the glass harmonica 玻璃琴；
the stepladder chair 活动梯子；
Franklin is especially famous for his contributions in the field of electricity. The commonest terms used in electricity today are Franklin’s words: battery, brush, armature, charge, condense, conductor, plus, minus, positive, negative—terms he made up as he made observations or conducted experiments. He is best known, however, for his discovery that electricity and natural lightning are the same. Flying a silk kite during a summer thunderstorm, Franklin was able to attract an electrical spark to a key tied to the kite string. By comparing the characteristics of the natural spark with the man-made charge, Franklin was able to prove the similarity of electric matter and lightning. Using this knowledge, he invented the lightning rod which today protects millions of buildings from lightning.
富兰克林尤以其在电的领域里的贡献闻名于世。今天关于电的最常用的术语还都是富兰克林发明的：电池、电刷、电枢、电荷、电容、导体、正电、负电、正极、负极。这些术语都是他在观察和实验中创造的。但是，最出名的是他发现了电与自然界的闪电是一回事。在夏季一个风雨交加的日子，富兰克林将一只丝绸风筝放上天空，风筝线上拴着一把钥匙，钥匙吸引了电火花。通过对自然电火花与人工电荷的特征进行对比，富兰克林证实了带电物质与闪电之间的相似性。利用这一知识，富兰克林发明了避雷针，才使得今天数以百万计的建筑免遭雷击。
brush 电刷；armature 电枢；charge电荷；condense电容；conductor导体； plus正电；minus负电；positive正极；negative负极；
the lightning rod 避雷针；
He also did pioneer work in the field of weather observation. Few people know that it was Benjamin Franklin who discovered the movement of storms from west to east upon which all weather forecasting today has been based. He also made the first scientific study of the Gulf Stream, that mysterious body of warm water that flows up the eastern coast of the United States and then heads off for Europe.
他在气象观察领域也做了许多开拓性的工作。现在很少有人知道，是本杰明·富兰克林发现了暴风雨自西向东运动的规律，今天所有的天气预报都建立在这一运动规律之上。此外，他还首先对墨西哥湾流进行了研究，那神秘的暖流沿美国东海岸北上，而后向欧洲大陆流去。
pioneer work 开拓性的工作；
the Gulf Stream 墨西哥湾流；
head off 动身（去别处）；
第一段中的"which gave more heat and wasted less fuel than a fire place." 我处理成了“这种暖炉能够产生更多的热量，减少燃料的浪费。” 这样处理虽然做到了忠实源语，但并不是地道的汉语，所以读起来很别扭，大家注意避免；
第二段中的"Using this knowledge, he invented the lightning rod which today protects millions of buildings from lightning."这里的定语从句具有结果状语的职能，我们在翻译是要将这种隐含的逻辑关系处理出来。
中国的教育体系由四部分组成，即基础教育、职业技术教育、普通高等教育和成人教育。 Four parts consist of（consist of 由……构成：The committee consists of two members.委员会由十人组成。） China’s education system, which are basic education, vocational education, common higher-education and adult education.
China's education system is composed of 4 components, i.e. basic education, occupational/polytechnic education, common higher education and adult education.
由……构成 be composed of；
组成部分 component；
职业技术教育 occupational/polytechnic education；
普通高等教育 common higher-education；
基础教育包括学前教育、小学（6年）、初中（3年）和高中（3年）教育。中国政府历来把基础教育放在发展教育事业的首位。自从1986年通过了《九年义务教育法》以来，中国绝大部分地区都普及了小学教育；初中教育则已在全国各大城市和经济发达地区普及。
Basic education comprises pre-school education (6 years) and junior (3 years) and senior (3 years) middle school education. Chinese government has always been listing basic education as one of its top priorities. Since 1986 when the Law of Compulsory Education of the People's Republic of China was promulgated, primary schooling has prevailed in most areas in China, while junior middle schooling is being popularized in large cities and economically developed areas.
包括，由……构成comprise；
学前教育 pre-school education；
初中 junior middle school；高中 senior middle school；
把……放在首位 to list sth as one's top priority/ to give priority to；
《九年义务教育法》 the Law of Compulsory Education of the People's Republic of China；
颁布实施，公布（新法律）promulgate；
普及 prevail/popularize；
经济发达地区 economically developed areas；
consist of 的意思是：由……构成：The committee consists of two members.委员会由十人组成。我误解为是 “构成……”，大家在这里注意不要混淆用错；
《九年义务教育法》 注意首字母要大写；