Week16
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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin，通过审核便可。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第十六周（2015.08.10—08.15）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Plants containing transgenes are often called genetically modified or GM crops although in reality all crops have been genetically modified from their original wild state by domestication, selection and controlled breeding over long periods of time.
体内含有转基因的植物常常称为遗传修饰过的作物，或GM作物，尽管事实上所有的农作物都是由最初的野生状态经过漫长岁月的驯化、优选和调控性育种使其基因得以改良。
original wild state 最初的野生状态；
domestication 驯化；
selection 优选；
controlled breeding 调控性育种；
genetically modified crops，原参考译文处理成了“遗传修饰过的作物”，我查阅了相关资料，并未找到相关译法。个人认为译为“基因改造过的作物”更合适。
鉴于政府承诺国家食品自给自足，于是政府加快了支持农业相关研究的步伐。1996年，中国政府宣布了一个五年计划，拨款100亿支持促进经济发展的研究。
In light of the government's strong commitment to national food self sufficiency, government support for agriculture-related research was stepped up. In 1996 the Chinese government announced a five-year, 10 billion yuan program of support for research to promote economic development.
鉴于 in light of sth；
承诺 commitment；
国家食品自给自足 national food self sufficiency；
加快步伐 step up；
五年计划 a five-year program；
难度不大，注意积累一些词汇，如承诺、自给自足。
Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate the tea with other substances, such as willow, licorice, and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also redried and added to fresh leaves.
即使是走私的茶叶也非常昂贵，因而利润也特别高。走私者们便用其他的东西往茶叶里掺假，如柳叶、甘草、黑刺李叶等。喝过的茶叶在晒干之后也掺到新鲜的茶叶之中。
profitable 有利润的；赢利的: a highly profitable business；
adulterate (在饮食中)掺杂,掺假；
licorice 甘草；
sloe 黑刺李；
redry 重新晒干；
even, however, and therefore 这里连词有点多，大家注意厘清顺序，处理成恰当的中文连词。
景颇族婚礼，有的在下午举行。鸣枪三响，迎亲的队伍回来了。走在队伍前面的（勒脚）肩扛一只红木箱，另一个是“长统”（女方媒人）用背篓背着新被褥，中间是伴娘们簇拥着新娘。（注：勒脚，男方媒人。Lejiao, the man's go-between）
Some weddings are held in the afternoon. When you hear three shots you will see the party receiving the bride return. Walking at the front are the Lejiao carrying a redwooden box on his (her) shoulder and the Changtong (the bride's go-between) with a basket of new beddings on his(her) back. In between is the bride escorted by the bridesmaids.
枪声 shot；
红木箱 a redwooden box；
媒人 go-between；
被褥，床上用品 bedding；
(空间或时间上)介于…之间: in between: The house was near a park but there was a road in between. 房子在一处公园附近,但两者之间隔着一条马路。
护送，陪同 escort:I escorted her to the door.
我送她到门口。
伴娘 bridesmaid；
迎亲队伍、媒人、簇拥我觉得处理起来都有些难度。
However, tremendous strides have been made in literacy. How has this been possible? Who brought it about? The people behind literacy efforts must be congratulated for working against all odds to bring about this achievement.
当然，扫盲工作已取得了巨大的成就。那么，这些成就是怎么取得的呢？是谁做出了这些成就的？我们必须赞扬那些为扫盲工作做出贡献的人，他们克服了种种困难才取得了这些成就。
tremendous strides 巨大的成就；
literacy efforts 扫盲工作；
work against all odds 克服了种种困难；
congratulate ①向(某人)道贺；祝贺；②(为成就或成功)感到高兴,感到自豪:You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job. 你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
bring about achievement 取得成就；
literacy 注意要翻译成“扫盲” 而不是“有文化”。
中国还参加了1980年以后的历届冬奥会、残奥会，在2002年美国盐湖城冬奥会上实现了金牌“零”的突破，在残奥会上获得多枚金牌，显示了中国改革开放以来在体育战线上所取得的辉煌成就。
It has also competed in all the Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games since 1980. It was awarded the first gold medal in the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics 2002, smashing another zero medal record for it, and it has also won many gold medals in Paralympic Games. The remarkable achievements fully demonstrate the benefits its reform and opening-up drive have brought to sports.
参加比赛(或竞赛):compete in sth: He's hoping to compete in the London marathon.他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。
残奥会 the Paralympic Games；
实现了金牌“零”的突破 be awarded the first gold medal；smash zero medal record；
2002年美国盐湖城冬奥会 the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics 2002；
显示 demonstrate；
残奥会、冬奥会、盐湖城冬奥会这些都是固定的，记下来。
smash zero medal record，不要总是用break 了。
Engineers and designers are already designing craft capable of propelling us beyond Earth's orbit, the Moon and the planets. They're designing interstellar spaceships capable of traveling across the vast emptiness of deep space to distant stars and new planets in our unending quest to conquer and discover.
工程师和设计者已在着手进行飞船的设计工作，这种飞船能将人类送离地球轨道以及月球和九大行星以外的太空。他们正在设计能穿越浩瀚的外层空间，到达遥远的恒星和带外行星的星际飞船，以助人类实现不断征服和揭开宇宙奥秘的追求。
craft 飞船；
propel 推动；驱动；推进: mechanically propelled vehicles 机动车辆；
earth's orbit 地球轨道；
planet 行星；
interstellar spaceship 星际飞船；
the vast emptiness of deep space 浩瀚的外层空间；
star 恒星；
new planets 带外行星；
unending 无尽的；源源不断的；不竭的:a seemingly unending supply of money 似乎源源不断的资金供应；
quest 探索,寻找,追求(幸福等):the quest for happiness / knowledge / truth 对幸福/知识/真理的追求；
今天的材料真心有点难，词汇、句式都不简单。
在挖掘隧道工作中，所有挖掘出来的土石必须通过洞身狭长的通道运出来。工程师必须以最高的精密度来保证洞身走向。但是，隧道工程与地面线路施工不一样，工程师无法参照外部物体来检验它的位置。
During the work of boring, all the excavated material must be brought out through the narrow confines of the bore itself, and in preserving the line of his bore, which he must do with the most minute accuracy, the engineer is deprived of any means of checking his position by reference to external objects, as he can do with any surface line.
钻,凿,挖(长而深的洞) bore (v.):The drill is strong enough to bore through solid rock.这把钻足以钻透坚固的岩石。
挖掘 excavate：The site has been excavated by archaeologists. 这个遗址已被考古学家发掘出来。
confines 范围；界限；边界: It is beyond the confines of human knowledge. 这超出了人类的知识范围。
保证……走向 preserve the line of sth；
最高的精密度 the most minute accuracy；
剥夺；使丧失；使不能享有 deprive sb / sth of sth；
参照物 reference；
外部物体 external object；
注意“挖掘”不要总是dig，还有 bore, excavate。
参考译文中的minute 我觉得也是一个词汇亮点，是“细致入微的，详细的”的意思。
The shotgun marriage of chemistry and engineering called "Nanotechnology" is ushering in the era of self-replicating machinery and self-assembling consumer goods made from cheap raw atoms. Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (3-4 atoms wide).
化学和工程学之间的“拉郎配”（即“纳米技术”）正在开创一个自行复制机制的时代，一个利用很容易得到的天然原子自行“装配”生活消费品的时代。纳米技术即分子制造业，简言之，就是运用程控毫微级机器手，一个院子一个原子（或分子）地“建”造东西。一纳米即十亿分之一米（可以排列三四个原子）。
shotgun marriage 奉子成婚；
nanotechnology 纳米技术；
usher sth in 开创；开始；开启: The change of management ushered in fresh ideas and policies. 更换领导班子带来了新思想和新政策。
self-replicating 自我复制的；
self-assembling 自我组装；
raw atom 原始原子；
molecular 分子的，与分子有关的；
nanoscopic robot arms 纳米级机械臂；
billionth 十亿分之一；
参考译文实在有些惨不忍睹，下面给出群里小伙伴的译文，供大家参考：纳米技术是化学和工程的意外结合，引领着价格低廉的原始原子自我复制和个人组装消费品的时代。纳米技术是分子制作技术，说得更简单点，就是每次用已设定好程序的微型机器人的手臂，以一个分子或一个原子为单位来组建事物。1纳米就是十亿分之一米（约为3—4个原子的宽度）
人们常常愿意修建悬桥以代替其他类型的桥梁，特别是在那些运输量比较小而桥的跨度又大的地方。因为悬桥不仅节约材料，而且强度也非常大。
Suspension bridges are frequently constructed in preference to other types of bridge, especially where relatively light has to be carried over long spans, since they are more economical in material and are extremely strong.
悬桥 suspension bridge；
而不是 in preference to sb. / sth；
节约材料 economical in material；
in preference to 只知道是“而不是”的意思，中文中换一种说法就不会翻译了。归根结底还是自己对这些词汇理解的不够透彻；
Eating Spicy Food Linked to a Longer Life
爱吃辣的人更长寿？
Eating spicy food is associated with a reduced risk for death, an analysis of dietary data on more than 485,000 people found.
一项研究在分析了485000多人的饮食数据后发现，食用辛辣食物与死亡风险降低相关。
spicy food 辣食；
reduce risk 降低风险；
dietary 与饮食有关的；
Study participants were enrolled between 2004 and 2008 in a large Chinese health study, and researchers followed them for an average of more than seven years, recording 20,224 deaths. The study is in BMJ.
这项以中国人为研究对象的大型健康研究在2004年至2008年间招募了参与者，随后，科学家们对他们进行了平均七年多的跟踪随访，记录了20224个死亡案例。该研究发表在《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)上。
enroll(使)加入；注册；登记: You need to enroll before the end of August. 你必须在八月底前注册。
After controlling for family medical history, age, education, diabetes, smoking and many other variables, the researchers found that compared with eating hot food, mainly chili peppers, less than once a week, having it once or twice a week resulted in a 10 percent reduced overall risk for death. Consuming spicy food six to seven times a week reduced the risk by 14 percent.
在对家族病史、年龄、学历、糖尿病史、吸烟情况及其它许多变量进行控制后，研究人员发现，与平均每周食用辛辣食物（主要是辣椒）不到一次的人相比，每周食用这些食物一或两次的人的总体死亡风险降低了10%。而每周食用辛辣食物六到七次的人总体死亡风险降低了14%。
family medical history 家族病史；
diabetes 糖尿病；
variable 变量，可变因素；
chili pepper 辣椒；
Rates of ischemic heart disease, respiratory diseases and cancers were all lower in hot-food eaters. The authors drew no conclusions about cause and effect, but they noted that capsaicin, the main ingredient in chili peppers, had been found in other studies to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
喜食辛辣食物者患上缺血性心脏病、呼吸系统疾病以及癌症的比例均较低。作者并未就其间的因果关系做出任何定论，但他们指出，已有其他研究发现，辣椒的主要成分辣椒素具有抗氧化和抗炎作用。
ischemic heart disease 缺血性心脏病；
respiratory diseases 呼吸系统疾病；
hot-food 辛辣食物；
capsaicin 辣椒素；
antioxidant 抗氧化的；
anti-inflammatory消炎的，抗炎的；
“We need more evidence, especially from clinical trials, to further verify these findings,” said a co-author, Dr. Lu Qi, an associate professor of nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, “and we are looking forward to seeing data from other populations.”
“我们需要更多的证据，尤其是来自临床试验的证据，以进一步验证这些结果，”该研究的共同作者，哈佛大学公共卫生学院(Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health)的营养学副教授齐路（Lu Qi，音译）博士说，“我们期待能看到来自其他人群的数据。”
clinical trial 临床试验；
verify 核实，证明；
co-author 共同作者，合著人；
an associate professor 副教授 ；
population 人口，族群
这是选自《纽约时报》的一篇文章，总体来说不难，个别涉及专业名词的需要查询。据说CATTI笔译考试英汉基本所有材料都来自这里，临近CATTI考试，以后我们会加大这方面材料的练习，顺便给大家推荐个网站：蛐蛐英语网，上边全是双语对照的选自纽约时报的文章，但遗憾的是不能直接复制粘贴。所以你要嫌麻烦，直接科学上网去官网看。
我不是有腿病吗，不但不利于行，也不利于久坐。我不知道花草们受我的照顾，感谢我不感谢我；可我得感谢它们。在我工作的时候，我总是写了几十个字，就到院中去看看，浇浇这棵，搬搬那盆，然后回到屋中再写一点，然后再出去，如此循环，把脑力劳动和体力劳动结合到一起，有益身心，胜于吃药。
As I have some trouble with my legs, I can’t move around easily, nor can I sit too long. I don’t know if the flowers under my care are grateful to me or not. However, I wish for my part to acknowledge my thanks to them. I often leave off sedentary work after writing a few dozen words to go to the courtyard to take a look at the flowers, watering them and moving about the potted ones. Then I’ll return to my room to write a bit more. I’ll go through the same back-and-forth process again and again, thus combining mental with manual labor. This is a better way to keep me fit in mind and body than taking medicine.
有腿病 have some trouble with my legs；
行动 move around；
受我的照顾 under my care；
感谢某人 acknowledge one’s thanks to sb. / be grateful to sb.；
需要久坐的工作 sedentary work；
几十个字 a few dozen words；
院子 courtyard；
走来走去，经常搬家 move about/around；
盆栽的 potted: 盆栽植物：potted plants；
反复的，来回的 back and forth；
脑力劳动和体力劳动 mental with manual labor；
有益身心 keep sb. fit in mind and body；
作者“有腿病”但并未提到具体是什么腿病，所以参考译文采用了模糊的译法"trouble"。