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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。
注：笔译小组只接受邮件申请，请勿QQ留言，凡是以其他方式提交任务的，均不会回复或者响应。收到邮件后3天左右回复。
以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组每周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员。
下面是笔译训练群的第六十三周（2016.07.04-2016.07.10）训练日志。
A COLLEGE degree has never been more necessary: graduates earn, on average, 80% more than high-school graduates. Yet ever more Americans are taking on serious debt in exchange for that diploma. Between 2004 and 2014, student-loan balances more than tripled to nearly $1.2 trillion. The average debtor leaves college owing around $27,000.
大学学历的重要性更胜从前：大学毕业生的平均收入比高中毕业生高80%。然而，越来越多的美国人为了那一纸文凭正在背负沉重的贷款。2004年至2014年，学生贷款余额增加了两倍多，达到近1.2万亿美元，普通贷款学生毕业时会肩负着2.7万美元左右的债务。
taking on debt 负债
in exchange for 为了
balances 欠结，尾数，政府报告等把该词用于决算（相对于预算）
take和on对于考二笔的人肯定不会是生词，但负债你会不会写成take on又是另一回事了；而balance则属于熟词生义问题，决算在中文里什么意思我也不是很确定，如果以后不是专攻这方面的，大概知道这么个词就可以了。
1372年(明洪武五年)，琉球国王向明朝朝贡，明太祖遣使前往琉球。至1866年(清同治五年)近500年间，明清两代朝廷先后24次派遣使臣前往琉球王国册封，钓鱼岛是册封使前往琉球的途经之地，有关钓鱼岛的记载大量出现在中国使臣撰写的报告中。
In 1372 (the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty), the King of Ryukyu started paying tribute to the imperial court of the Ming Dynasty. In return, Emperor Hongwu (the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty) sent imperial envoys to Ryukyu. In the following five centuries until 1866 (the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty), the imperial courts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties sent imperial envoys to Ryukyu 24 times to confer titles on the Ryukyu King, and Diaoyu Dao was exactly located on their route to Ryukyu. Ample volume of records about Diaoyu Dao could be found in the reports written by Chinese imperial envoys at the time.
朝贡 pay tribute to
使臣 imperial envoys
册封 confer titles on
一开始选择这篇文章就是为了上面的一些历史学科常常会遇到的用法，譬如X朝Y帝O年，册封，上贡等等。
Some of this mounting debt is good news. More Americans are going to college—undergraduate enrolment rose by nearly 40% between 2000 and 2010, according to the National Centre for Education Statistics. Many are also staying around for a second degree. But the cost of college has also risen sharply, as state spending on higher education has plummeted. Average tuition fees have surged 40% in the decade to 2015-16for full-time students at public four-year colleges, and 26% at private ones. Those who take longer to graduate—as many increasingly do—simply rack up more loans.
贷款渐增能带来一些好消息。进入大学学习的美国人越来越多，据国家教育统计中心（National Centre for Education Statistics）统计，2000年至2010年，大学本科招生人数提升了近40%，同时，许多人还在攻读第二学位。然而，随着国家大幅削减高等教育支出，大学教育费用急速增长。截止到2015-16年之前近十年来，公立四年制大学的全日制学生的学费平均增加了40%，私立大学的学费也平均增加了26%。那些延迟毕业的学生更是会累积更多的贷款，而且延迟毕业的学生日渐增多。
rack up more loans 负债增加
继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，更加注重预调微调，更加注重定向调控，用好增量，盘活存量，重点支持薄弱环节。
We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy. We will pay greater attention to anticipatory adjustments, fine-tuning, and targeted regulation. We will put both existing and additional financial resources to good use, focusing particularly on strengthening weak spots.
预调微调 anticipatory adjustments, fine-tuning
老生常谈，积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策
Outstanding student loans are now second only to mortgages when it comes to household debt in America. This makes some economists worry about their macroeconomic effects. Though the housing market has been steadily recovering, the share of first-time buyers continues to decline, and is now at its lowest point in nearly three decades, according to the National Association of Realtors. The home-ownership rate among 30-year-olds has been tumbling, but the fall has been especially fast among those paying off student loans, according to the New York Fed.
现如今，在美国就家庭债务来说，未偿还的学生贷款仅次于房屋贷款。全国房地产经纪人协会（National Association of Realtors）称，尽管房市正在稳步回暖，首次购房者的所占比例却仍在下降，现在已经降到了近30年里的最低点。纽约联邦储备银行（New York Fed）指出，30岁美国人的住房拥有率一直在下跌，而在那些偿清学生贷款的人当中下跌的尤为明显。
outstanding 未偿还的
熟词生义要注意，凡是不通顺的都应该查字典。
实施培育外贸竞争新优势的政策措施，促进加工贸易转型，发展外贸综合服务平台和市场采购贸易，扩大跨境电子商务综合试点，增加服务外包示范城市数量，提高服务贸易比重。
We will implement policies and measures to enable China' s foreign trade to develop new competitive edges, facilitate the transformation of processing trade, develop market purchase trade and a comprehensive service platform for foreign trade, expand comprehensive trials in cross-border e-commerce, turn more cities into trendsetters in undertaking services outsourced by other countries, and increase the share of service trade in China' s foreign trade.
加工贸易 processing trade
服务贸易 service trade
发展外贸综合服务平台和市场采购贸易 为了不让a comprehensive service platform for的for 引起歧义所以交换了两个trade的顺序
So are the soaring costs of college keeping millennials from starting households of their own? Not according to a new paper from Jason Houle of Dartmouth and Lawrence Berger of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Using longitudinal data on college-going Americans who were aged between 12 and 17 in 1997, the authors found that student-loan debtors were in fact more likely than non-debtors to own a house by the age of 30. But this was mostly because debtors tended to be older, employed, married and with children, and the debt was largely irrelevant.
那么，大学教育费用的猛增，真的是阻止千禧一代组建家庭的罪魁祸首吗？对此，达特茅斯学院的詹森·霍尔及威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的劳伦斯·伯杰在其最新发表的论文中做出了否定的回答。1997年，通过对12-17岁接受大学教育的美国人进行纵向数据研究，詹森•霍尔和劳伦斯•伯杰发现，事实上，学生贷款债务人比没有债务的人更有可能在30岁时拥有自己的房子。这主要因为债务人年纪更大，而需成家立业和生育子女，相比较而言，债务就无足轻重了。
longitudinal 纵向
millennials 千禧一代
对已在城镇就业和居住但尚未落户的外来人口，以居住证为载体提供相应基本公共服务，取消居住证收费。
People originally from rural areas who live and work in urban areas but have yet to gain urban residency will be able to access basic public services on the basis of their residence certificates, and we will get rid of fees related to residence certification.
落户 urban residency
载体 basis
取消 get rid of
以XX为载体=》以XX为依据。
Others have found that student debt may delay home-ownership, but does not deter it entirely. In an analysis of data from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey, Daniel Cooper and J. Christina Wang of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston noted that young debtors were less likely to own a home than their debt-free peers. Yet when the authors confined their analysis to college graduates, they found that debtors in their late-20s were more likely to own a home than non-debtors. So the reason for the delay in home-buying among those with student loans seems to have been that many had dropped out before earning their degree.
又有人发现，学生贷款可能会使贷款者延缓买房，但也并不至于完全使其打消买房念头。在全国教育纵向研究（National Educational Longitudinal Survey）的数据分析中，波士顿联邦储备银行（Federal Reserve Bank of Boston）的丹尼尔·库珀（Daniel Cooper）和克里斯蒂娜·王（J. Christina Wang）指出，相较于无债务的同龄人，年轻的债务人拥有住房的可能性较小。然而，当他们将分析范围限定于大学毕业生时，年近30岁的债务人比无债务的同龄人更有可能拥有自己的房子。因此，对于背负学生贷款者会延迟购房这一说法，其原因在于很多人未拿到学位证就已经辍学了。
deter 吓跑
这篇文章用词简单，只要坚持先通篇浏览后下笔翻译，然后注意下选词和先后排布就应该ok。
支持群团组织依法参与社会治理，发展专业社会工作、志愿服务和慈善事业。鼓励社会力量兴办养老设施，发展社区和居家养老。
We will support the participation of popular organizations in social governance in accordance with the law. We will develop specialized social work, volunteer services, and charities. We will encourage the opening of nongovernmental elderly care facilities, and develop community-based and at-home elderly care.
专业社会工作specialized social work
志愿服务 volunteer services
社区和居家养老 community-based and at-home elderly care
Americans seem very afraid of cancer, with good reason. Unlike other things that kill us, it often seems to come out of nowhere.
美国人似乎非常惧怕癌症，而且有着充分的理由。跟其他那些杀死我们的东西不一样，癌症仿佛总是从天而降。
But evidence has increasingly accumulated that cancer may be preventable, too. Unfortunately, this has inflamed as much as it has assuaged people’s fears..
不过，有越来越多的证据表明，癌症或许也可以预防。不幸的是，这一发现引发的恐惧，和它驱除的一样多。
this has inflamed as much as it has assuaged people’s fears 好句子
As a physician, I have encountered many people who believe that heart disease, which is the single biggest cause of death among Americans, is largely controllable. After all, if people ate better, were physically active and stopped smoking, then lots of them would get better. This ignores the fact that people can’t change many risk factors of heart disease like age, race and family genetics.
作为一名医生，我遇到的很多人相信，美国人的单一最大死因——心脏病——在很大程度上是可控的。毕竟，如果吃得更健康，多做运动，并停止吸烟，大多数心脏病人的情况会好转。但一个事实被忽略了，人们无法改变诱发心脏病的许多风险因素，比如年龄、种族和家族基因。
People don’t often seem to feel the same way about cancer. They think it’s out of their control. A study published in Science in January 2015 seemed to support that view. It tried to explain why some tissues lead to cancer more often than others. It found a strong correlation between the number of times a cell divides in the course of a lifetime and the risk of developing cancer.
对于癌症，人们似乎往往并不这样看，而是认为自己无法控制它。一项于2015年1月发表在《科学》杂志(Science)上的研究，似乎为这种观点提供了支撑。它试图解释，为什么相比之下，某些组织更容易发展出癌症。文中发现，细胞在一生当中的分裂次数与罹患癌症的风险之间存在很强的相关性。
In other words, this study argued that the more times DNA replicates, the more often something can go wrong. Some took this to mean that cancer is much more because of “bad luck” than because of other factors that people could control.
换句话说，该研究认为，DNA复制次数越多，出问题的可能性就越大。有人据此认为，带来癌症的主要是“坏运气”，远超其他一些人为可控的因素。
Some took this to mean that 有人据此认为
Unfortunately, this simple explanation is not really what the study showed. Lung cells, for instance, divide quite rarely, and still account for a significant amount of cancer. Cells in the gastrointestinal tract divide all the time and account for many fewer cancers. Some cancers, like melanoma, were found to be in the group of cancers influenced more by intrinsic factors (or those we can’t control), when we clearly know that extrinsic factors, like sun exposure, are a major cause.
不幸的是，这个简单的解释并非该研究真正表明的东西。举例来说，肺部细胞很少分裂，但肺癌在癌症中占有很大的比重。胃肠道的细胞时时都在分裂，那里生癌的几率却要小得多。有些癌症，比如黑色素瘤，被发现属于受内在因素影响更大的一类癌症（也就是我们无法控制的那种）；与此同时我们也清楚地知道，一些外在因素，比如阳光暴晒，是它的一大诱因。
the gastrointestinal tract胃肠道
melanoma 黑色素瘤
Further, this study was focused more on the relative risks of cancer in one type of tissue versus another. What we really care about is how much we can reduce our own risk of cancer by changing our behavior.
此外，该研究更为关注的是，一类组织与另一类组织相比，生癌的相对风险有多大。而我们真正关心的是，通过改变自己的行为，我们可以在多大程度上降低罹患癌症的风险。
A more recent study published in Nature argues that there is a lot we can do. Many studies have shown that environmental risk factors and exposures contribute greatly to many cancers. Diet is related to colorectal cancer. Alcohol and tobacco are related to esophageal cancer. HPV is related to cervical cancer, and hepatitis C is related to liver cancer.
发表在《自然》杂志(Nature)上的一项更为近期的研究称，我们能做的事其实很多。许多研究表明，环境风险因素及风险暴露会大大促进许多种癌症的发生。节食与大肠癌有关。酒精和烟草与食道癌有关。人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)与宫颈癌有关。丙型肝炎与肝癌有关。
colorectal cancer 大肠癌
esophageal cancer 食道癌
cervical cancer 宫颈癌
And you’d have to be living under a rock not to know that smoking causes lung cancer and that too much sun can lead to skin cancer.
只要不是与世隔绝的人应该都知道，吸烟会导致肺癌，日晒过多可能会导致皮肤癌。
living under a rock 与世隔绝
Using sophisticated modeling techniques, the researchers argued that less than 30 percent of the lifetime risk of getting many common cancers was because of intrinsic risk factors, or the “bad luck.” The rest were things you can change.
通过使用精密的建模技术，研究人员提出，罹患癌症的终生风险有不到30%由内在因素导致，或说“坏运气”。其他的都属于你可以改变的东西。
Most recently, in JAMA Oncology, researchers sought to quantify how a healthful lifestyle might actually alter the risk of cancer. They identified four domains that are often noted to be related to disease prevention: smoking, drinking, obesity and exercise.
最近，在《美国医学会期刊•肿瘤学》(JAMA Oncology)上发表的论文显示，研究者试图量化健康的生活方式可以如何实质性地改变罹患癌症的风险。他们找出了四个经常被指出与疾病预防有关的因素：抽烟、喝酒、肥胖和运动。
a healthful lifestyle 健康生活
They defined people who engaged in healthy levels of all of these activities as a “low risk” group. Then they compared their risk of getting cancer with people who weren’t in this group. They included two groups of people who have been followed and studied a long time, the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, as well as national cancer statistics.
他们把在这四个方面保持健康水平的人列为“低风险”人群，然后把他们患癌症的风险与不在此列的人作比较。其中包括被追踪和研究了很长时间的两组人，即护士健康研究(Nurses’ Health Study)和医药卫生从业人员随访研究(Health Professionals Follow-up Study)的参与者，还参考了全美的癌症数据。
简洁有趣，唯一能讲一下的就是记忆各种器官和疾病名字时不妨查查它们的词源。
环顾世界，当今世界的确有些乱，天下很不太平。例如，西亚北非地区这个好地方不仅发展不起来，反而陷入了持久的动乱之中，极端主义、恐怖主义在这里横行猖獗；在欧洲中心地带，好端端的乌克兰竟然成为牵动世界的新动荡源，还看不到危机解决的尽头；长期以来过着富裕安宁生活的欧洲人遭遇了数十年未有的多重冲击，几天前还发生了震动世界的“英国脱欧”事件；很多人曾经向往的美利坚合众国各种枪击事件、恐怖事件、街头群众抗议事件频繁发生，等等。
As we look around, we find some places in our world in a state of chaos and far from being tranquil. For instance, West Asia and North Africa, despite favorable endowments for development, have instead been caught in persistent turmoil with rampant extremist and terrorist forces. In the center of Europe, Ukraine has unexpectedly become a new source of turbulence that has repercussions worldwide, and one cannot see when the crisis will be resolved. Europeans who have lived for decades in prosperity and tranquility have experienced multiple shocks never seen before, including the shocking “Brexit” just a few days ago. In a place as east and tranquil as the South China Sea, the situation is not calm and temperature of water is rising. The United States that many people have longed for also witnessed shootings, terrorist attacks and mass street protests.
tranquil 平静
凡此种种，使一些人觉得，我们人类共同生活的这个星球乱得一塌糊涂了，形势是一团漆黑了，没有什么希望了。我个人认为，全面地看，从本质上看，世界形势的主流还是要和平、要发展、要合作、要进步，大趋势是好的，不是一团漆黑，人类的前途是光明的。
These have made some people think that our planet is in total mess, darkness and hopeless. But my belief is that as a whole and in essence, the world’s mainstream is still for peace, development, cooperation and progress. The major trend is positive, and the prospect for mankind is a bright rather than a dark one.
好短的中译英，松了口气。但凡认真看了政府报告和经济学人，要翻译好这篇文章并不难。官方译文的措辞也不是金规玉律，比如看不到头，one cannot see when the crisis will be resolved，不知道何年何月才能解决，也有人理解为how this will be solved， 这些还是见仁见智，毕竟大家还是中国人，只要不是比较偏僻（如大通关，年终决算等）的词汇，大家不妨“固执己见”一回。