Week7
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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织,初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平,找到志同道合的小伙伴,请猛戳 完成后在A群,B群或C群私信给Kevin或是慧慧,通过审核便可。
下面是笔译训练群的第七周(2015.06.07—06.13)训练日志,共包括六个每日一句(英译汉,汉译英)和一个周训练(英译汉,汉译英),均包括原文,参考译文,词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊,政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
In order for a transgenic technique to work, the genetic engineer must first construct a transgene, which is the gene to be introduced plus a control sequence. When making a transgene, scientists usually substitute the original promoter sequence with one that will be active in the correct tissues of the recipient plant or animal.
为了启用转基因技术,基因工程师必须首先培育一个转基因。转基因即含有受控序列的用于移植的基因。在培育转基因时,科学家通常用一个将在受体动物或植物的恰当组织中活动的启动子序列替代点原有的启动子序列。
construct a transgene 培育一个转基因;
control sequence 受控序列;
substitute 替代;
promoter sequence 启动子序列;
recipient plant or animal 受体植物或动物;
tissue (动植物的)组织;
其实我连译文都没看懂......
未来的几十年,科技肯定是中国食品保障的重要因素之一。中国人口必然增长,经济会持续发展,而在庄稼用地和水资源方面受到严重制约,因此,除了实现农业现代化,别无它法。
Science and technology will certainly be among the key factors in China's food security during the next few decades. With China’s inevitable population growth, its likely economic development, and its serious constraints in cropland and water, the country has no other choice than to modernize its agricultural sector.
科技 science and technology;
重要因素 key factors;
食品保障/安全 food security;
必然的 inevitable;
严重制约 serious constraint;
庄稼用地cropland;
实现农业现代化 modernize agricultural sector;
这句话没有啥特殊句式,不难,主要记一些固定词汇表达。
Different from conventional wheel-on-rail system, the Transrapid accomplishes the functions of support, guidance, acceleration and braking by using non-contact electromagnetic instead of mechanical force. Because there is almost no mechanical contact Transrapid can run with lower noise, but relatively higher speed up to 500 km/h.
与传统的轮轨铁路不同,磁浮列车主要是依靠无接触的电磁力、而非机械力来实现支承、导向、加速和制动功能。由于列车运行中几乎没有机械接触,因而运行起来噪声较小,时速却可高达500公里。
conventional wheel-on-rail 传统轮轨铁路;
transrapid 磁浮列车;
non-contact electromagnetic无接触的电磁力;
mechanical force 机械力;
mechanical contact 机械接触;
我在这里有犯了两个细节错误。because 参考译文是“由于....,因而...” 而我用的“因为....,所以...”,这在要求严谨正式文体科技类文章中显然是不合适的;
其次是500 km/h,参考译文是“时速可高达...”,比我的“速度是...”简洁多了
(柴油机在四个冲程中,只有一个冲程即第二冲程产生功率,这就是为什么柴油机需要有若干个气缸,其数目从用于小功率调车机车的4缸,到用于大功率干线机车的16缸或16缸以上。DAY36) 各个气缸的曲柄互相排列成一定的角度,把柴油机工作周期划分为相应数目的相等部分,这样就保证了曲轴的扭矩十分均匀。
(It is during one stroke only out of the four, the second, that the engine develops its power, and this is why the diesel engine requires a number of cylinders, from four in a small shunter to sixteen or more in a main line unit of high power, DAY36) with their cranks set at angels which divide up the circle into a corresponding number of equal parts, so ensuring a perfectly even torque of the crankshafts.
气缸曲柄cylinder cranks;
角度angle;
划分 divide up;
相应的 corresponding;
平分的,均分的 even:an even distribution of wealth 财富均分;
完全地,十足地 perfectly;
(发动机的)扭矩 torque;
曲轴 crankshaft;(曲轴:引擎的主要旋转机件,曲轴的旋转是发动机的动力源。也是整个机械系统的源动力。)
这一部分要结合上周的上文来看才行。“把柴油机工作周期划分为相应数目的相等部分” 这句话让我这个非机械专业的孩子理解起来着实有困难,百度了相应图片才理解是咋回事。
The use of tea spread slowly from its Asian homeland , reaching Europe by way of Venice around 1560, although Portuguese trading ships may have made contact with the Chinese as early as1515.
饮茶的习惯逐渐从亚洲传开,到1560年前后才从威尼斯进入欧洲——尽管葡萄牙商船可能早在1515年就与中国有了贸易往来。
the use of tea 饮茶的习惯;
by way of 经由,取道(某地);
trading ships 商船;
make contact with sb. 与某人有往来/联系;
"the use of tea"可能是一个小难点,我也考虑了一会这个“use”。其实一般人“用茶”都是“饮”吧?;
在英语中同一个句子内"although"和"but"不能同时,而在汉语中“虽然”、“但是”必须同时用,缺一不可。
夫妻之间尽管都能较好地掌握对方的语言,但彼此交谈仍是各说各的话,而决不放弃使用本支系语言的权利。
When husband and wife speak to each other, though they understand each other's filiation very well, each uses his or her own language.
filiation (团体、语言的)分支,派别
看着如此简洁而又表意明确的参考译文,对比自己绞尽脑汁创造出来的冗余而又含义模糊的译文,......
Like his contemporary, Pierre de Coubertin, who a few years earlier re-established the modern Olympic Games, Zhang Boling was above all an educator--he was one of the founders of Tianjin Nankai Middle School --but also a sports expert. Like Coubertin, he saw the value of combining education and sport while promoting universality and participation. He had the foresight of advocating China's entry into the Olympic Movement.
张伯苓与顾拜旦是同时代人。顾拜旦重新创立了现代奥林匹克运动,仅仅几年之后,张伯苓与别人一起创办了天津南开中学。张伯苓首先是一位教育家,同时也是一位体育家。同顾拜旦一样,他也认识到,在提倡普及参与体育的同时,把教育同体育结合在一起具有重要意义。他同时卓有远见地倡导中国参与奥林匹克运动。
contemporary(n)同时期的人,同辈;
Pierre de Coubertin 顾拜旦;
universality 普及;
"Like his contemporary",我处理成了(张伯苓)像他的同代人顾拜旦一样,这里可说是错误译法。这篇文章是当年奥委会主席罗格先生为祝贺北京奥运会写的文章,这句话是为了强调张伯苓先生为奥运会在中国的发展中所做的巨大贡献。而我的译法则没有突出张先生的重要位置,参考译文则巧妙的的处理为“张伯苓与顾拜旦是同时代人。”;
" a few years earlier" 这里还真是把我给卡住了,没处理好。文意是顾拜旦和张伯苓在相隔不到几年的时间里先后为奥运会做出重大贡献,顾拜旦创立了现代奥运会,而张伯苓则创立了天津南开中学,在中国推广奥运。参考译文将“顾拜旦在张伯苓提前几年创办现代奥运会”巧妙的处理成了 “顾拜旦创办现代奥运会仅仅几年后,张伯苓...”,这个词组的放置位置很重要;
《奥林匹克宪章》指出:奥林匹克主义是将身体、意志和精神方面的各种品质均衡地结合起来,并使之得到提高的一种人生哲学。它将体育运动与文化和教育融为一体。
The Olympic Charter points out that " Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy of effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles.
《奥林匹克宪章》 The Olympic Charter ;
指出 points out that;
奥林匹克主义 Olympism;
意志 will;
精神 morality;
提升,提拔(某人) exalt;
一种人生哲学 a philosophy of life;
将体育运动与文化和教育融为一体 blend sport with culture and education;
对......推崇 respect for;
榜样的教育价值 the educational value of good example
一般伦理基本原理 universal fundamental ethical principles;
我在做这个翻译的时候,在这两个地方卡住了——“将身体、意志和精神方面的各种品质均衡地结合起来”和“将体育运动与文化和教育融为一体”,因为之前处理的译文将两者结合的比较多,三者结合这个一时想不起来怎么处理比较好。参考译文分别处理为"is" 和 "blend"。
There are many myths surrounding the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. The most popular legend describes that Heracles was the creator of the Olympic Games and built the Olympic stadium and surrounding buildings as an honor to his father, Zeus after completing his 12 labors.
围绕着古代奥运会的起源有着许多神话传说,在最流行的传说中,赫拉克勒斯是奥运会的缔造者,为了表示对希腊主神、他的父亲宙斯的崇敬,在完成12项英雄业绩后,他建了奥林匹克体育场及其周围的建筑。
Heracles 赫拉克勒斯(希腊神话中最著名的英雄之一,又名海格力斯,在罗马神话中名为赫丘利(Hercules)。主神宙斯(Zeus)与阿尔克墨涅(Alcmene)之子,因其出身而受到宙斯的妻子赫拉的憎恶。他神勇无比、力大无穷,后来他完成了12项被誉为“不可能完成”的任务,除此之外他还解救了被缚的普罗米修斯,隐藏身份参加了伊阿宋的英雄冒险队并协助他取得金羊毛。赫拉克勒斯英明一世,却最终遭小人迫害,难耐痛苦而自焚身亡,死后升入奥林匹斯圣山,成为大力神,有关他惩恶扬善,敢于斗争的神话故事,历来都是文艺家们乐于表现的主题。在今天的西方世界,赫拉克勒斯一词已经成为了大力士和壮汉的同义词。);
creator 缔造者;
Zeus 宙斯(古希腊神话中第三代众神之王,奥林匹斯十二神之首,统治宇宙的至高无上的主神(在古希腊神话中主神专指宙斯),人们常用“神人之父”,“神人之王”,“天父”,“父宙斯”来称呼他,是希腊神话里众神中最伟大的神。);
12 labors 十二项不可能完成的任务(第一件,捏死涅墨亚的狮子。第二件,消灭九头蛇许德拉。第三件,生擒刻律涅亚山上的牝鹿。第四件,活捉厄律曼托斯山上的野猪。第五件,清洗奥革阿斯的牛圈。第六件,驱逐斯延法洛斯湖的食人鸟。第七件,捕捉克里特疯牛。第八件,把色雷斯人狄俄墨得斯的一群牝马赶回迈肯尼。第九件,征服亚马孙人。第十件,牵回巨人革律翁的一群壮牛。第十一件,摘取赫斯珀里得斯的金苹果。第十二件,从冥王那里牵回地府的看门狗--刻耳柏洛斯。 );
短短的一句话可以学习到好多西方文化知识。
读了《汤姆历险记》和《密西西比河上》 , 17岁的斯诺便与几个小伙伴开着一辆T型游览车,向加利福尼亚进发(距他的家乡密苏里州3000多公里)。三个月后,花了5美元,只好扒货车、爬车顶,多次被警察抓住或追赶。随着轰隆行驶的列车,他跨越了世界闻名的罗亚尔•乔治大峡谷,观赏了大半个美国的山川秀水。
After reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and Life on the Mississippi, 17-year-old Snow then drove a T-type tourist car with several of his young buddies, heading for California, 3,000 kilometers away from his home state, Missouri. Three months later, when he had spent all his five dollars, he was reduced to climbing onto slow-going freight trains, despite the police’s pursuits or arrests. With the rumbling of the train, he traveled across the world’s famous Royal Gorge and saw more than half of America’s spectacular landscapes.
《汤姆历险记》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;《密西西比河上》Life on the Mississippi;
小伙伴 young buddies;
向...进发 head for;
距离某地多少公里 miles away from ;
使某人沦落到做某事的地步 reduce sb to doing sth:Eventually Charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets.;
逮捕 arrest;
追赶,追踪 pursuit;
货车 freight trains;
隆隆的声音rumbling;
山川秀水spectacular landscapes;
这种故事类型的材料,会有好多动词、形容词等小细节很难处理。比如扒货车、轰隆行驶的火车等;
Taylor has never read Gone with the Wind before moving to Atlanta in 1980, and hadn't seen the movie since her first date, at the age of sixteen in 1961. She didn't learn about the existence of the house until 1987 and was surprised to discover that there was no monument commemorating Mitchell.
泰勒1980年移居亚特兰大,此前从未看过小说《飘》,从1961年16岁时第一次与男友约会看过同名电影后再也没有看过。直到1987年她才知道米切尔故居就在亚特兰大,她当时感到震惊的是,竟然没有一块纪念米切尔的纪念碑。
《飘》Gone with the Wind; (注:《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔(1900—1949)十年磨一剑的作品,也是惟一的作品。小说以亚特兰大以及附近的一个种植园为故事场景,描绘了内战前后美国南方人的生活。)
date 约会,会晤;
monument 纪念馆; 纪念碑; 纪念像; 纪念物;
commemorate ①纪念(伟人﹑ 大事件等): We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday. 我们放假一日以庆祝国庆. ②(of a statue, monument, etc) be a reminder of (sb/sth) (指雕像﹑ 纪念碑等)作为对(某人[某事物])的纪念: This memorial commemorates those who died in the war. 这座纪念碑是纪念战争中牺牲者的.
句子翻译起来不难,没有难句式或是生词,注意精炼语言,少说废话就好。
对于大冯来说,这个除夕还有另一层含义:《关于建议春节假期前挪一天的提案》是他在去年全国政协会议上提交的。大冯说,没想到提案这么快就被政府采纳了。
This coming New Year’s Eve has another meaning for Feng as the suggestion of making the eve a statuary holiday was contained in one of the bills he proposed at the plenary session of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference held last year. He said that it came as a surprise that the bill had been so quickly adopted by the government.
法定假日 a statutory holiday;
全国政协会议 the plenary session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference;
采纳(建议)adopt;
“大冯” 是中文特色称谓,一般用来指身材高大的平辈,和老冯、小冯并用。而英文则无此种区别,我们就简单的翻译成Feng就好了;
《关于建议春节假期前挪一天的提案》,这里我给完整翻译出来了,参考译文则直接省略了,很诧异。译者如是解释:“如果将提案全名翻出,势必要解释以前有关春节假日的规定,译文会显得比较拖沓。这里的关键是以前除夕不放假,现在放了。把这点说清楚,原文意思就出来了。” 看了译者的解释,感觉自己真是too young too simple,翻译的过程中考虑的太少了,基本还处于看见啥拿起来就翻的阶段。
In 1729, Franklin purchased the newspaper, The Pennsylvania Gazette. Besides the regular news, Franklin included his own articles and editorials alive with humor and wisdom; and soon the paper was the most widely read in all of colonial America.
1729年,富兰克林买下《宾夕法尼亚报》。除了登载正常新闻外,富兰克林还刊登自己撰写的充满智慧和幽默的文章和社论;该报很快便成为殖民地时期的美国民众最爱读的报纸。
regular news 正常新闻;
include 列入:we have included some hints for beginners in this section. 我们在这一部分列入了为初学者准备的一些提示。;
editorial社论;
alive with: The whole house was alive with activity.整幢房子里都很热闹。;
colonial America 殖民时期的美国;
At the same time, Franklin involved himself in community projects. He founded, for example, the Junto, a discussion group that met weekly to debate the issues of the day. The Junto was active for 30 years and developed into the American Philosophical Society. He also founded the country’s first subscription library and organized America’s first fire-fighting and fire insurance companies. He helped to improve the local police force and to establish a hospital and a college which later became the University of Pennsylvania. He once said of his activities, “I would rather have it said, ‘he lived useful’ than ‘he died rich’…”
与此同时,富兰克林积极参与社区的各项事业。比如,他成立了一个叫“小团体” 的时事小组,每周聚会一次,对当时的各种问题展开辩论。“小团体”一直活跃了30年,后来发展为美国哲学协会。他还成立了美国第一个捐赠图书馆,创立了美国第一个消防和火灾保险公司。他帮助增强地方警察力量,并创办了一家医院和一所大学,就是后来的宾夕法尼亚大学。一次,他曾经这样评价自己的活动,“我宁愿让人们说‘他生的有用’,而不愿他们说‘他死的富有’......”
involve yourself 积极参与:Reilly involves himself in every aspect of his company's business.赖利积极参与公司经营的各项业务。
subscription(n)①认捐,捐助:The church's 120 foot Gothic spire was paid for by public subscription in 1939.;②订阅(费),用户费:You may cancel your subscription at any time.;③会员费:a subscription to Amnesty International 向大赦国际缴纳的会费;
In 1732, Franklin began the publication of an almanac under the name Richard Saunders (an English astrologer). He continued to publish it annually for about 25 years, and it came to be known as Poor Richard’s Almanac. As Franklin said in his autobiography: “I endeavored to make it both entertaining and useful…I considered it a proper vehicle for conveying instructions among the common people who bought scarcely any other books; I therefore filled all the little spaces that occurred between the remarkable days in the calendar with proverbial sentences chiefly such as included industry and frugality”
1732年,富兰克林开始以理查德.桑德斯(英国的一位占星家)的名义出版年鉴。此后他每年都出版一本,一直出了25年,这就是后来人们所熟悉的《穷人理查德历书》。正如富兰克林在自传中所言:“我尽量让他既有娱乐性,又有实用性......我把它当做是适合在普通人(他们几乎不买其他任何书籍)中间传输知识的工具;因此我就用那些教人勤奋和节俭的格言警句,把日历上那些重要的日子之间的空白全部填满。”
almanac/ˈɔːlmənæk/历书,年历;
astrologer/ə'strɑlədʒər/占星家;
autobiography自传;
endeavor to do sth 竭尽全力做某事;
remarkable days 重要日子;
proverbial sentences格言警句;
industry勤奋,勤劳;
frugality节俭;
有几个句子不太好处理,第二段中的He once said of his activities, “I would rather have it said, ‘he lived useful’ than ‘he died rich’…”;第三段中的I considered it a proper vehicle for conveying instructions among the common people who bought scarcely any other books; I therefore filled all the little spaces that occurred between the remarkable days in the calendar with proverbial sentences chiefly such as included industry and frugality”
1949年新中国成立以来,中国政府一直十分重视教育,并且颁布了一系列法规,保护不同群体的公民受教育的权利,尤其是保护少数民族、妇女、儿童和残疾人受教育的权利。五十多年来,通过持续不断的努力,中国的教育事业取得了长足的进步。
Since 1949 when the People' s Republic of China was founded, Chinese government has always been placing the education on its higher agenda, which has promulgated multiple codes to protect the education rights of its population from different angles, especially of ethnic minority groups, children, women and disabled. Through uninterrupted efforts in the past five decades, China has made significant progress in its education sector.
新中国 the People' s Republic of China;
十分重视某物 place sth on sb.'s higher agenda;
颁布一系列法规 promulgate multiple codes;
不同群体 population from different angles;
少数民族 ethnic minority groups;
持续不断的努力 uninterrupted efforts;
取得长足的进步 make significant progress;
九年制义务教育正在全国有计划分阶段地普及。小学教育已在全国占人口91%的地区普及。高等教育、职业技术教育、各种形式的成人教育和少数民族教育迅速发展,一个多层次、多元化、多学科的教育体系已经在中国形成,从而有利于在教育领域中跨国交流和合作。
The 9-year compulsory education is being implemented nationwide in stages in a planned way; primary schooling had prevailed in areas concentrating 91% of Chinese population; higher education, occupational and polytechnic education, diversified adult education and education for ethnic minorities have been developed rapidly. All these have contributed to a multi-layered, diversified and discipline-inclusive education system in China and facilitated the cross-border communication and cooperation in education sector.
九年制义务教育The 9-year compulsory education;
有计划分阶段 in stages in a planned way;
普及 prevail;
高等教育 higher/senior education;
职业技术教育 occupational and polytechnic education;
各种形式的成人教育 diversified adult education;
一个多层次、多元化、多学科的教育体系 a multi-layered,
diversified and discipline-inclusive education system;
有利于,促进 facilitate;
跨国交流和合作 the cross-border communication and cooperation;
教育领域 education sector;
中译英两个老大难问题:词汇、句式简单;语法错误。这两个错误我每次都会犯,累觉不爱;
这次的材料有些类似政府工作报告,这种材料中译英,不仅是词汇,我甚至认为句式都可以通过背来加强的;
总的来说,今天两篇材料一个小时完成确实有点紧了,导致加时,自己翻译时时间也很紧,很多地方也没有处理好。当然,在诸如CATTI笔译之类的考试中,也是这样,没有太多时间思考或是查字典,我们需要练的也正是这种在限时的情况下快速、尽量完美的完成译文的能力。