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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin，通过审核便可。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第十五周（2015.08.03—08.08）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
A transgenic crop plant contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the plant acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene sequence (known as the transgene) may come from another unrelated plant, or from a completely different species: transgenic Bt corn, for example, which produces its own insecticide,
转基因植物内有一个或多个基因由人工导入，而并非通过天然投粉获得。导入的基因序列(即转基因)可能源于另一种与之毫不相干的植物，甚至会来自于完全不同的物种。例如，转基因Bt玉米就含有某种细菌的基因，能自身产生杀虫物质。
artificially insert 人工导入（基因）；
pollination/ ˌpɔləˈneiʃn / 授粉，传粉；
gene sequence 基因序列；
unrelated 毫不相干的；
transgenic Bt corn 转基因Bt 玉米；
insecticide 杀虫剂；杀虫药；
bacterium 细菌；
这种专业领域的材料 ，虽然反复查了相关词典，可是很多地方还是处理不好。
尽管1978 年以来，中国在谷物产量方面取得了巨大的进步，但1994年，还是成了谷物进口国。中国科学院预计，到2020年，中国的谷物"赤字"将增至5000万吨。
Despite enormous progress in grain production since 1978, China became a net-importer of grain in 1994. The Chinese Academy of Sciences predicted that the grain deficit would increase to 50 million tons by 2020.
巨大的进步enormous/remarkable progress；
谷物产量 grain production；
谷物进口国 a net-importer of grain；
中国科学院 the Chinese Academy of Sciences；
赤字 deficit；
句子整体不难，但有些词汇可能不太好拿捏。比如“进口国”，我给处理成a grain import country，其实importer就够了。还有“赤字”是deficit。
Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, snuck the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local parish church.
从荷兰和斯堪的纳维亚来的船只将茶运到英国海岸，把船停在离岸不远的地 方，然后，走私者登上船只，将贵重的茶叶转卸到小船上。这些走私者常常是当地的渔民， 他们通过地下通道或是秘密小道将茶叶运到特别的藏匿地点。最好的藏匿地点之一竟然是教区的教堂！
Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚；
offshore(adv.) a boat anchored offshore 在近海岸锚泊的船；
smuggler 走私者；
cargo (船或飞机装载的)货物；
vessel 船，轮船；
sneak：过去式为sneaked/snuck 偷偷地做；偷带；偷拿；
underground passage 地下通道；
hidden path 秘密小道；
special hiding place 特别的藏匿地点；
parish church 教区教堂；
注意"underground passages and hidden paths" 要翻译出“地下通道或是秘密小道” 这两层意思；
"One of the best hiding places was in the local parish church",要处理出“令人吃惊” 的含义。
“串”姑娘：景颇山的夜晚特别迷人。朦胧的月光下，聚集着一群景颇族男女青年，他们或吹箫或唱歌，情绵意笃。这种热闹场面当地人叫“串姑娘”（一种求爱方式）。
courting girls：The evenings in the Jingpo mountains are beautiful. A group of Jingpo young men and women get together under the hazy moonlight，playing the xiao (bamboo flute) or singing and dancing with deep affections. This is called “ courting girls” by the locals.
“串”姑娘（向女子求爱，求婚）court；
朦胧的月光 hazy moonlight；
长笛 flute；
情绵意笃 deep affections；
“串姑娘”通过后文可以理解到其含义是：追求姑娘，所以要用court；
乐器xiao要在其后做备注解释。
For the best that New Hampshire has to offer in natural beauty, an enormous array of lodging, fine dining, outdoor activities, attractions kids of all ages will love, and great shopping, the Lakes Region is a vacation wonderland.
新罕布什尔州湖区，自然风光优美，旅舍餐馆林立。此外，还有各种户外活动和孩子们所喜欢的各种游戏；当然还有购物的好去处。这儿的湖区无疑是度假的天堂。
natural beauty 自然风光优美；
an enormous array of lodging, fine dining 旅舍餐馆林立；
a vacation wonderland 度假的天堂；
这是一篇旅游景点的宣传文章，总体难度不大，但要想做到措辞优美，吸引游客的目的并不容易。
不过，尽管花草自己会奋斗，我若置之不理，任其自生自灭，它们多数还是会死了的 。我得天天照管它们，像好朋友似的关切它们 。一来二去，我摸着一些门道：有的喜荫 ，别放在太阳地里，有的喜干，就别多浇水。
Although such flowers are able to weather through by themselves, I, however, never ignore them or abandon them to their own fate, for otherwise most of them will probably end up dead. I have to care for them every day as if they were my close friends. Thus, in the course of time, I've somehow got the hang of flower cultivation. Some flowers which are accustomed to growing in the shade should not be too much exposed to the sun. Those which prefer dryness should not be watered too often.
经受住,平安地渡过(困难) weather : The company just managed to weather the recession. 这家公司勉强渡过了衰退期。
置之不理 abandon；
照管 care for；
好朋友 close friend；
一来二去 in the course of time；
掌握…的要领，了解…的用法，找到了诀窍：get the 'hang of sth： It's not difficult once you get the hang of it. 你掌握了要领就不难了。
使适应，使习惯: accustom yourself to sth：It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations. 我过了一段时间才适应所有新的规章制度。
荫凉 shade；
在太阳下暴晒 be exposed to the sun；
老舍先生的散文《养花》，翻译成英文做到“信达雅” 难度可想而知；
这个参考译文是张培基老师的版本，although和 however在同一个句子连用了感觉是不对劲，但群里有小伙伴之前关于这个问题专门发邮件咨询过上外的老师，老师的回复是这种用法在国外其实很常见。我的观点是，咱们不会用，就别用算了。当然如果有哪位小伙伴能解释这个问题，愿不吝赐教。
It may be the oldest cliché in town, but in the not too distant future science fiction will turn into science fact. The fantastic spaceships of sci-fi comic books and novels will no longer be a figment of our creative imagination; they may be the real vision of our future.(注：选自The Future of the Spaceship)
“飞天”，也许是城里人老掉牙的传说。但在不久的将来，这些科幻小说中的故事将化为科学的事实。科幻连环图画杂志和小说中各式各样奇特怪异的宇宙飞船，将不再只是人类创造性的空想，他们有可能成为未来真实的景象。
cliché 陈词滥调；陈腐的套语: She trotted out the old cliché that 'a trouble shared is a trouble halved.' 她又重复了"与人说愁愁减半"的陈词滥调。
in the not too distant future 在不久的将来；
science fiction 科幻小说；
science fact 科学的事实；
fantastic spaceships 奇特怪异的宇宙飞船；
sci-fi comic books 科幻连环图画杂志；
a figment of sb.'s imagination 凭空想像的事物；臆造的东西；虚构的事；
the real vision 真实的景象；
It may be the oldest cliché in town，在这里不宜把oldest译成“最老的”，把cliche 译成“陈词滥调”，这样做不仅语义重复，而且难为读者所接受。
开挖山区大型隧道存在的问题在工程领域几乎是无以伦比的。由于不可能在岩层里试掘几千尺，因此当工程师深处地表以下很深的地方时，他无法确切地了解自己会遇到什么样的地质条件。（注：选自《隧道挖掘》）
The problem presented by the major tunnels in mountainous country are almost unique in the engineering realm, for the engineer, unable to make preliminary borings through perhaps thousands of feet of rock, has no certain knowledge as to the conditions that he may meet when deep underground.
多山的 mountainous：a mountainous region / terrain 多山的地区/地形；
大型隧道 major tunnels；
工程领域 engineering realm；
无以伦比的 unique；
预备性的；初步的；开始的 preliminary；
钻,凿,挖(长而深的洞): bore：The drill is strong enough to bore through solid rock. 这把钻足以钻透坚固的岩石；
工程领域 engineering realm；
无法确切地了解 have no certain knowledge；
译文是一个并列复合句，两个并列句由并列连词for 连接，较好地表现出英语形合特点，同时也体现出科技英语中常见的因果链关系。
as to 是一个复合介词，以condition为宾语，这个介词短语修饰knowledge，在名词the conditions 后带一定语从句that he...deep underground，在这个定语从句中that 为关系代词做宾语，when deep underground是一状语从句，when 后边省去了“he is”，也是为了追求言简意赅。
Despite mixed feelings in the black community, three Atlanta mayors — Young, Jackson (who returned to office in 1990) and Campbell — have all stood by it with characteristic Atlantan pragmatism. If a German company wants to invest several million dollars in creating a lucrative tourist attraction in our city, why fight it? The building was set to reopen this summer along with the Olympic Games 一 until the recent arson.
尽管黑人社会对此抱有矛盾心理，三届亚特兰大市长——杨、杰克 逊（1990年再次当选）与坎贝尔都抱着亚特兰大独有的实用主义的态度，支持维修工程。既然一家德国公司愿意出钱投资数百万美元在我们城市创建一个有钱可赚的旅游景点，我们为什么要反对呢？故居本来打算今年夏天与奥运会同时揭幕，没想到近日又遭遇一场大火。
mixed feelings 矛盾心理；
the black community 黑人社会；
mayor 市长；
stand by 支持，帮助；
pragmatism 实用主义，务实思想；
lucrative 可赚大钱的，利润丰厚的；
tourist attractions 旅游景点；
fight 反对；
reopen 重新开业；重新开放(商店、剧场等)；
arson 纵火(罪)；放火(罪): to carry out an arson attack 进行纵火袭击；
总体不太难，"mixed feelings" 和"until the recent arson" 可能不太好处理；
过去中国人生活贫穷，过上好日子是他们的理想；而只有过年时，这种理想才会变成现实（尽管只是短暂的幻觉）。今天人们已经丰衣足食，过年应有更高的理想和境界，当代人过年已越来越是一种精神的、情感的和文化的生活。
Chinese people used to live in poverty, at that time to lead a better life was their ideal, which could become reality briefly only during the Spring Festival despite its short and illusionary nature. As we enjoy a rich and abundant life, we should aspire for higher ideals and a more elevated state of mind during the Lunar New Year. As Feng sees it, the Lunar New Year is increasingly becoming, for contemporaries, a time for spiritual, emotional and cultural enjoyment rather than material entertainment.
生活贫穷 live in poverty；
过上好日子 lead a better life；
理想 ideal；
短暂地 briefly；
幻觉的，想象的 illusionary；
丰衣足食 enjoy a rich and abundant life；
追求更高的境界 aspire for a more elevated state of mind；
当代人contemporary；
精神的、情感的和文化的生活 spiritual, emotional and cultural enjoyment；
物质享受 material entertainment；
过去中国人生活贫穷，过上好日子是他们的理想；而只有过年时，这种理想才会变成现实（尽管只是短暂的幻觉）。作者将两句话用一个which引导的定语从句处理成了一句话：Chinese people used to live in poverty, at that time to lead a better life was their ideal, which could become reality briefly only during the Spring Festival despite its short and illusionary nature. 句子显得很紧凑，值得我们学习。
The Obama administration will today unveil the most far-reaching action on climate change in US history by imposing stringent emissions cuts on the power sector, a move that faces ferocious opposition from both political rivals and industry.
奥巴马政府将于今日公布美国历史上影响最深远的应对气候变化方案，对电力行业施加严格的减排目标，此举面临政治对手和电力行业的激烈反对。
unveil （首次）推出，介绍，展示〔产品、计划等〕: The club has unveiled
plans to build a new stadium. 俱乐部首次披露了要建造一座新体育场的计划。
far-reaching 影响深远的；
action on climate change 应对气候变化方案；
stringent ①法律、规章、标准等〕严格的，严厉的: stringent anti-noise
regulations 严格的防噪音条例；②〔经济状况〕银根紧的，紧缩的 ；
power sector 电力行业；
ferocious opposition 激烈反对；
political rivals 政治对手；
Giving weight to charges by the coal companies and their Republican allies that it is waging a “war on coal”, the Obama administration will demand bigger cuts in greenhouse gas emissions than it proposed last year, likely to lead to the closure of more coal-fired power plants and boosting wind and solar power.
煤炭企业及其共和党盟友指责奥巴马政府“对煤炭宣战”，令它们的指责更有份量的是，奥巴马政府此次要求的温室气体减排量将大于去年的提议，很可能导致更多燃煤电厂被关闭，同时提振风力和太阳能发电。
give weight to sth 让……更有份量；
charge 指责，谴责；
wage a war 发动战争；
closure (永久的)停业,关闭；倒闭: factory closures 工厂倒闭；
coal-fired power plants 燃煤电厂；
boost 提振；
The targets are central to President Barack Obama’s goal of leaving a legacy on climate change. “There are few issues that are more important to the president, who sees acting on climate as a moral, economic and national security obligation,” said a senior administration official.
美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)希望留下应对气候变化的政治遗产，减排指标是该目标的核心。白宫一名高级官员表示：“对于总统而言，没几个问题比这个更重要。他将采取行动应对气候变化视作道德、经济以及国家安全上的义务。”
be central to 某物是某物的核心；
legacy 这里指政治遗产；
obligation 义务；职责；责任:；
a senior official 高级官员；
The initiative, known as the Clean Power Plan, is the core of economywide pledges on emissions cuts that the US has made ahead of a crucial meeting in Paris in December, where world leaders will seek to strike a new international climate accord.
奥巴马的这一举措被称为“清洁电力计划”(Clean Power Plan)，它是美国在巴黎会议前在经济上全面减排承诺的核心。今年12月在巴黎将举行一场关键会议，届时世界各国领袖将寻求达成新的国际气候协议。
initiative ①自主决断的能力; 主动性: I wish my son would show more initiative. 我希望我的儿子能表现得再主动一些。②计划; 措施: a government initiative to help exporters 扶助出口商的政府计划；③ 主动权: Why don't you take the initiative and ask him out? 为什么你不主动请他外出约会呢？
economywide pledges on emissions cuts 在经济上全面减排承诺；
ahead of 在……之前；
a crucial meeting 关键会议；
strike a new international climate accord 达成新的国际气候协议
最后一段里的“ is the core of economywide pledges on emissions cuts that the US has made ahead of a crucial meeting in Paris in December” 是一个难点，参考译文巧妙的处理成了“它是美国在巴黎会议前在经济上全面减排承诺的核心。今年12月在巴黎将举行一场关键会议”，将a crucial meeting in Paris拆解了两次，一次处理成“巴黎会议”放到前边，第二次处理成“在巴黎举行一场关键会议”放到后边。
杭州是一座有悠久历史的文化名城。“良渚文化”遗址即可证明，在4000多年前，这里已有人类繁衍生息。五代时的吴越国和南宋均曾在此建都，历时237年。现今的杭州，辖市内8个区，3个市和2个县。
Hangzhou has long been known as a famous cultural city. The ancient Liangzhu Culture ruins were found in what is now Hangzhou. The archeological ruins date back to 2000 B.C. when our ancestors already lived and multiplied here. Hangzhou also served as an imperial capital for 237 years—first as the capital of the State of Wuyue(907-978) during the Five Dynasties Period, and again as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279). Now Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang Province with eight districts, three county-level cities and two counties under its jurisdiction.
文化名城 a famous cultural city；
遗址ruins/relic；
考古学有关的；考古的 archeological ；
繁衍生息 live and multiply；
五代时期 the Five Dynasties Period；
管辖区域；管辖范围 jurisdiction；
杭州素以风景秀丽著称。700年前，意大利旅行家马可波罗曾称誉它是“世界上最美丽华贵之城”。境内西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光旖旎。
Hangzhou has a reputation for its scenic beauty. About 700 years ago, Macro Polo, perhaps the most celebrated Italian traveler, called it “the finest and most magnificent city in the world”. Hangzhou’s West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with green hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty.
素以……著称 have a reputation for sth；
风景秀丽 scenic beauty；
著名的；闻名的 celebrated；
旅行家 traveler；
美丽华贵之城 fine and magnificent city；
装饰，修饰: embellish sth with sth：The dress was embellished with gold threads. 那条连衣裙用金线作了装饰。
洞壑幽深 deep caves；
风光旖旎 enchanting beauty；
五代时的吴越国和南宋均曾在此建都，历时237年：翻译这句话时，有两层关系需要交代清楚。一是吴越国与南宋分别在此建都；二十两个朝代在此建都的年代合在一起是237年。但原文中并未交代两个朝代各自在此建都的年代。参考译文用Hangzhou also served as an imperial capital for 237 years先交代了第二层关系，接着再分别交代低一层关系：first as capital of the State of Wuyue(907-978)during the Five Dynasties Period, and again as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279),在朝代后分别备注了各朝代延续的年代，交代了原文中所没有交代的第三层关系。在汉译英时，但凡遇到中国历史朝代，均应用公元纪年在括号里注明该朝代延续的年代。
西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光旖旎,这类四字词组最让人头疼，而且每次都感觉翻译成英文之后美感全无。