Week17
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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin，通过审核便可。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第十七周（2015.08.17—08.22）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Depending on where and for what purpose the plant is grown, desirable genes may provide features such as higher yield or improved quality, pest or disease resistance, or tolerance to heat, cold and drought.
根据农作物的种植区域和种植目的，理想的基因能使农作物具有诸如提高产量、改良品质、抗病虫害、耐寒耐热和抗旱等特性。
desirable genes 理想的基因；
yield 产量；产出；利润:
a high crop yield 丰收；
improve quality 改良品质；
pest and disease resistance抗病虫害；
tolerance to heat/cold/drought 耐寒/热/旱；
grow 我看到之后第一反应就是“生长”，殊不知在这里应该是种植的意思。
其中三分之一的基金项目跟农业现代化挂钩，包括研究高产农作物，集约耕作，改良杀虫剂和化肥。比起其它发展中国家，中国更早地意识到生物技术对于以后食品保障的重要性。
One-third of the funded projects dealt with the modernization of agriculture, including research into high-yield crops, intensive farming, and improved pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Before many other developing countries, China's government officials have understood the importance of biotechnology for its future food security.
与……挂钩 deal with；
基金项目 funded projects；
农业现代化 the modernization of agriculture；
高产农作物 high-yield crops；
集约耕作 intensive farming；
改良杀虫剂 improved pesticides；
化肥 chemical fertilizer；
意识到某物的重要性 understand the importance of sth；
食品保障 food security；
生物技术 biotechnology；
不太难，主要考察的是一些固定词组，集约农业、农业现代化这类词组你要是不会，去政府工作报告吧。
This lovely and historic lakeside town is often referred to as the "Oldest Summer Resort in America," for here in 1763 the Royal Governor Wentworth's family began building a summer estate. Soon after this point other wealthy families built summer homes here as well and eventually the railroads pushed into the region and the area soon became a full-fledged recreation and vacation area.
这儿是一个风景优美的湖畔名胜古镇，被誉为“美国最早的避暑圣地”。1763年，英王任命的皇家总督温特斯沃一家在此修筑了避暑山庄。此后，许多有钱人家都先后在此建造了避暑别墅。最后，铁路也通到这儿，瓦弗博罗成了兴旺的休闲和避暑胜地。
lovely 美丽的，优美的：lovely countryside / eyes / flowers 美丽的乡村/眼睛/花朵；
a summer estate 避暑山庄；
push into the region （火车）通到某地；
full-fledged 成熟的，完全合格的，全面发展的：India has the potential to become a full-fledged major power.印度有潜力成为全面发展的大国。
recreation 娱乐，消遣；
"oldest" 我认为处理成“历史最悠久的”更好一点；
这是个乐趣，摸住门道，花草养活了，而且三年五载老活着、开花，多么有意思呀！不是乱吹，这就是知识呀！多得些知识，一定不是坏事。（注：选自老舍《养花》）
It gives me much pleasure to know the right way of handling them. How interesting it is to be able to keep my flowers and plants alive and watch them thrive and bloom year in and year out! It is no exaggeration to say that there is much knowledge involved in this! And the more knowledge one acquires, the better it is of course.
开花 bloom；
三年五载 year in and year out；
说……一点也不夸张 It is no exaggeration to say that...；
掌握知识 acquire knowledge；
“三年五载”是个模糊词，并非具体指三年或五年，参考译文处理成 year in and year out 意为 every year without exception；
“不是乱吹” 这里的“吹”也并不是指“吹牛”；
But where are they? Who are they? What are their tasks like? And their problems, challenges and rewards? What inspires them? What conditions do they work and live under?
那么，他们这些人在哪儿呢？他们又是谁？他们是怎样工作的？他们会遇到些什么样的困难和挑战？他们能取得多少报酬？是什么激励他们从事扫盲工作的？他们的工作条件和生活条件又是什么样的？
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文章节选自一篇讲中国扫盲工作的文章，不难。但要注意一些细节，源语中省略的内容，翻译过程中要给补上，比如What inspires them? 要补上“扫盲工作”。
有些参赛选手虽然没有拿到名次，但充分展示了中国运动员的精神风貌。正是因为他们的积极参与和竞争，造就了中国体坛人才辈出，一代胜过一代的兴盛局面。
Although some contestants did not make it to the podium, they gave full expression to what Chinese athletes look like. It is their active participation and positive competition that brings into being generation after generation of excellent sportsmen.
参赛选手 contestant；
拿到名次，登上领奖台 make it to the podium；
充分展示 give full expression to sth；
造就bring into；
原教材参考译文有些错误，选用了群里的小伙伴@千里驴的译文。译文很有水平，词汇、句式都有亮点。
Our Universe contains over a billion galaxies; star cities each with a hundred billion inhabitants. Around these stars must exist planets and perhaps life. The temptation to explore these new realms is too great. (注：选自Spaceships of the Future)
整个宇宙拥有十亿多个河外星系，一个河外星系就是一座星城，每座星城有“居民”上千亿颗。在这些恒星周围必定有行星存在，或许，还有生命存在。探索这些未知的领域实在太具吸引力了。
inhabitant 居民；
star 恒星；
planet 行星
galaxy 星系：the Galaxy, the Milky Way 银河系；
temptation: 引诱；诱惑: the temptation of easy profits 轻而易举获利的诱惑;
realm 领域；场所: in the realm of literature 在文学领域内；beyond / within the realms of possibility 超出/在可能范围；
galaxy 参考译文处理成了“河外星系”，我查阅了相关资料，是没有问题的。河外星系简称星系；
star cities each with a hundred billion inhabitants 这句话确实很难，其实认真理解一下，这句话的意思就是说每个星系都有N多星球。参考译文处理的更为细致，先把星城解释了一遍，在介绍星城里有好多星球。
在松散、无粘着力或软土层进行隧道挖掘一般是使用钢制盾构。盾构在大多数情况下是圆形的，通风，但在必要时也可使用压缩空气。（注：盾构shield）
Tunnels in loose, non-cohesive or soft ground are generally driven by means of steel shield, most often circular in shape, either in free air or, if necessary, under compressed air.
无粘着力的 non-cohesive；
钢制盾构 steel shield；
圆形的 circular；
使用，凭借 by means of；
压缩空气 compressed air；
在通风的条件下 in free air；
参考译文使用的句式好灵活。
Utilizing the well understood chemical properties of atoms and molecules, nanotechnology proposes the construction of novel molecular devices possessing extraordinary properties. The trick is to manipulate atoms individually and place them exactly where needed to produce the desired structure. This ability is almost in our grasp. The anticipated payoff for mastering this technology is far beyond any human accomplishment so far.
利用人们熟知的原子和分子的化学特性，纳米技术能够生产出具有非凡特性的全新分子构成物。这种技术通过一个一个地操纵原子，将原子准确地置于所需的位置，以得到理想的物质结构。人类已经基本掌握这种技术。掌握纳米技术的预期回报是迄今为止人类的任何一项科技成就所不能比拟的。
utilize 利用，使用：We must consider how best to utilize what resources we have.；
chemical properties 化学特性；
novel 新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的:a novel feature 新特征；
manipulate (熟练地)操作,使用: Computers are very efficient at manipulating information. 计算机在处理信息方面效率极高。
anticipated payoff 预期回报；
这单元下周我们还是放弃不练了，参考译文修改后依然惨不忍睹。
己经有了主跨超过3000英尺的悬桥，而整个桥面的重量都是由从河的两岸的桥塔悬挂下来的钢缆从上方来支撑的。钢缆由几千根具有很高抗拉强度的钢丝组成，这种钢丝均经过了电镀以防止锈蚀。
There are in existence suspension bridges with main spans of more than 3000 feet, the entire weight of the deck being supported from the above by cables suspended between two towers at either side of the river. The cables are composed of thousands of wires, made of high-tensile steel, which are galvanized to resist corrosion.
（桥）主跨 main span；
桥面 deck；
钢缆 cable；
由……构成 be composed of；
高强度的 high-tensile；
电镀galvanize；
防锈 resist corrosion；
这篇材料的主要难点在于专业性词汇有些多，比如主跨、电镀、防锈等。
The great philosopher Homer Simpson once memorably described alcohol as “the cause of and solution to all of life’s problems.” Internet advertising is a bit like that — the funder of and terrible nuisance baked into everything you do online.
伟大的哲学家霍默•辛普森(Homer Simpson)曾经令人难忘地将酒精描述为“生活中所有问题的源头和解决方案”。互联网广告和它有一点类似，它资助了你在网上进行的各种活动，但又给你带来很多惹人厌的麻烦。
philosopher 哲学家；
memorably 令人难忘地；
nuisance: a thing, person or situation that is annoying or causes trouble or problems 麻烦事；讨厌的人(或东西): I hope you're not making a nuisance of yourself. 我希望你没有讨人嫌。
bake 这里应该是指我们在上网时遭到广告侵扰很煎熬的意思；
Advertising sustains pretty much all the content you enjoy on the web, not least this very newspaper and its handsome, charming technology columnist; as I’ve argued before, many of the world’s most useful technologies may never have come about without online advertising. But at the same time, ads and the vast, hidden, data-sucking machinery that they depend on to track and profile you are routinely the most terrible thing about the Internet.
你在网络上享受的所有内容基本都是因为有广告收入才得以存在，包括这份你正在阅读的报纸和它又帅又有魅力的科技专栏作者；正如我曾经说过的，如果没有网络广告，世界上很多最有用的技术可能根本不会出现。但与此同时，广告利用规模庞大且隐蔽的数据收集系统来追踪你的信息并分析你的需求，这往往是互联网中最可怕的。
columnist 专栏作家；
sustain 维持（生命，生存）：Which planets can sustain life? ；
data-sucking machinery 数据索取系统；
profile: to give or write a description of sb./sth that gives the most important information 扼要介绍；概述；写简介;
Now, more and more web users are escaping the daily bombardment of online advertising by installing an ad blocker. This simple, free software lets you roam the web without encountering any ads that shunt themselves between you and the content you want to read or watch. With an ad blocker, your web browser will generally run faster, you’ll waste less bandwidth downloading ads, and you’ll suffer fewer annoyances when navigating the Internet. You’ll wonder why everyone else in the world doesn’t turn to the dark side.
现在，有越来越多的网络用户通过安装广告拦截软件来躲避网络广告每天的狂轰滥炸。这类简单的免费软件可以让你在上网时避免广告突然冒出来挡在你想阅读或观看的内容前面。装了拦截软件，网页浏览器通常会运行得更快，浪费在加载广告上的带宽会更少，上网时也更少碰到让人恼火的情况。你会奇怪，其他人为什么不也加入到这个没有广告的世界来。
an ad blocker 广告拦截软件；
bombardment 狂轰滥炸；
shunt: to move someone or something to another place, especially in a way that seems unfair 将…转移至另一地方〔尤指有欠公正〕: Smith was shunted off to one of the company's smaller offices. 史密斯被调到公司属下一个较小的办事处。
web browser 网页浏览器；
bandwidth 带宽；
navigate the Internet 上网；
download ads 加载广告；
本文选自《纽约时报》科技版块，介绍了广告拦截软件，我们自己平时也都在用这类软件，对此也应该都有所了解。可能会有个别设计专业领域的专有词汇比较难，比如download ads 是“加载广告” 而不是“下载广告”。
气候变化是当今人类社会面临的共同挑战。工业革命以来的人类活动，特别是发达国家大量消费化石能源所产生的二氧化碳累积排放，导致大气中温室气体浓度显著增加，加剧了以变暖为主要特征的全球气候变化。气候变化对全球自然生态系统产生显著影响，温度升高、海平面上升、极端气候事件频发给人类生存和发展带来严峻挑战。
Climate change is today's common challenge faced by all humanity. Human activities since the Industrial Revolution, especially the accumulated carbon dioxide emissions from the intensive fossil fuels consumption of developed countries, have resulted in significantly increasing the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, exacerbated climate change primarily characterized by global warming. Climate change has significant impacts on global natural ecosystems, causing temperature increase and sea level rise as well as more frequent extreme climate events, all of which pose a huge challenge to the survival and development of the human race.
气候变化 climate change；
共同挑战 common challenge；
人类 humanity；
工业革命 the Industrial Revolution；
人类活动 human activities；
二氧化碳累积排放 the accumulated carbon dioxide emissions；
大量消费化石能源 the intensive fossil fuels；
大气中温室气体浓度 the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases；
使恶化，使加剧 exacerbate；
以……为主要特征 primarily characterized by sth；
全球变暖 global warming；
对……产生显著影响 have significant impacts on sth；
自然生态系统 natural ecosystem；
海平面 sea level；
极端气候事件 extreme climate events；
给……带来严峻的挑战 pose a huge challenge to sth；
人类的生存和发展 the survival and development of the human race；
本文选自政府官网，从词汇整理数量大家也能看出来，做好这类汉英翻译，就是多积累固定表达、固定句式。