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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。
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下面是笔译训练群的第四十九周（2016.03.28-2016.04.03）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Mr. Dadakis, who was involved in the protracted legal dispute around the estate of Huguette Clark, the reclusive copper heiress who died with an estimated $300 million fortune and no direct heirs, said he could see a benefit to a video of someone lucidly telling heirs what is to be done. But, he said, there were more downsides than upsides to it.
于盖特•克拉克(Huguette Clark)的遗产纠纷旷日持久，这名铜矿女继承人死后留下了三亿美元的遗产，但她没有直接继承人，参与该案的达达基斯表示，他能看到某人通过视频明确告知继承人其安排的做法带来的好处。但他表示其弊大于利。
protracted 拖延的，旷日持久的；
legal dispute around the estate 遗产纠纷；
reclusive 独居的，隐居的；
heiress /ˈeəres/女继承人；
lucidly 表达清楚地，易懂地；
there were more downsides than upsides to it弊大于利；
我们无论是做英译汉还是汉译英，都要双向来看，来积累。比如我们做汉译英，遇到“弊大于利”。可能要思考好一会如何处理，而我们今天做的这段英译汉恰好就给了你答案。
灵活运用货币政策工具，采取定向降准、定向再贷款、非对称降息等措施，加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节的支持力度，小微企业、“三农”贷款增速比各项贷款平均增速分别高4.2和0.7个百分点。同时，完善金融监管，坚决守住不发生区域性系统性风险的底线。
By flexibly utilizing monetary policy instruments, making targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, carrying out targeted re-lending, and making a symmetric interest rate cuts, we stepped up support for weaker areas in economic and social development. Increases in loans made to small and micro businesses, and loans for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, outdid the average increase in loans overall by 4.2 and 0.7 percentage points respectively. At the same time,regulation of the financial sector was improved and regional and systemic risks were forestalled.
运用货币政策工具 utilize monetary policy instruments；
定向降准 make targeted cuts to required reserve ratios；
定向再贷款 carry out targeted re-lending；
非对称降息 make a symmetric interest rate cuts；
加大支持力度 stepped up support for；
薄弱环节 weaker areas；
小微企业 small and micro business；
高于，优于 outdo；
分别 respectively；
坚决守住不发生区域性系统性风险的底线 regional and systemic risks were forestalled；
通篇是经济金融类的专业术语，对于这种题材的翻译我们只能多积累，然后查询通过网络查询相关含义。
The information was then compared to see how similar or different each pair was and to see whether people in longer relationships had more in common. It emerged that all pairings held similar life views even if they had only just met.
In a second experiment, the researchers surveyed pairs who had just met in a college classroom setting, and then surveyed the same pairs later. There was virtually no change in beliefs over time suggesting that if couples go into a relationship hoping to change the opinions of the other it is unlikely to work.
之后研究人员对所得信息进行对比，以调查每一对的相似或相异程度，并看看关系维持得更长久的人是否拥有更多的相似之处。结果显示每一对都拥有相似的人生观，尽管有些才刚刚认识。
在第二项实验中，研究人员调查了大学教室里初识的人，一段时间之后又对他们进行调查。结果显示随着时间流逝他们的观念几乎没变，这就表明如果一个人抱着改变别人想法的态度去交朋友是不太可能成功的。
pairs who had just met 初识的人；
go into a relationship 交朋友；
这段话句式词汇都不算难。
经济发展方式比较粗放，创新能力不足，产能过剩问题突出，农业基础薄弱。群众对医疗、养老、住房、交通、教育、收入分配、食品安全、社会治安等还有不少不满意的地方。有些地方环境污染严重，重大安全事故时有发生。
China's economic growth model remains inefficient; our capacity for innovation is insufficient; overcapacity is a pronounced problem, and the foundation of agriculture is weak. There are still many problems of public concern in medical services, elderly care, housing, transport, education, income distribution, food safety, and law and order. Environmental pollution is serious in some localities, and major accidents in the workplace are not uncommon.
粗放 inefficient；
创新能力不足 capacity for innovation is insufficient；
产能过剩 overcapacity；
农业基础 the foundation of agriculture；
公众担忧 public concern；
收入分配 income distribution；
有些地方 in some localities；
重大安全事故 major accidents；
这段汉译英也是中规中矩，都是一些老生常谈的话题。
But is this food safe to eat? Well, the "sell by" date you see on many products actually refers to its freshness - not whether or not it's going to do you any harm. In many cases, food that's beyond this date won't be as fresh as it once was but is still perfectly edible. Of course you should still be careful to avoid eating food that's gone off, but you might find you don't have to throw away as much as you think you do.
Denmark throws away about 700,000 tons of food every year, according to several estimates. In fact, food waste is a major problem for the whole world.
这里销售的食品真的可以放心食用吗？事实上，许多食品包装上标注的“最好在某月某日前食用”，指的是它最新鲜的状态能维持多久，而不是说，过了那个日期，它就对人体有害了。许多情况下，过了这个日期，食品虽然没那么新鲜了，但仍然可以放心食用。当然，你还是要注意，千万别吃变质的东西，只是有些不该扔的最好不要扔。
据相关估算，丹麦每年大概扔掉约70万吨食物。事实上，食物浪费是个世界性大问题。
"sell by" date 最好在某月某日前食用；
edible 适合使用的，可以吃的；
这个问题在我国应该不是很严重（认真脸），因为据我所知，超市里有专人负责修改过期牛奶的生产日期标签。
大幅放宽民间投资市场准入，鼓励社会资本发起设立股权投资基金。政府采取投资补助、资本金注入、设立基金等办法，引导社会资本投入重点项目。以用好铁路发展基金为抓手，深化铁路投融资改革。在基础设施、公用事业等领域，积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。
We will greatly relax market access for private investment and encourage the use of private capital to set up equity funds. The government will guide nongovernmental investments toward key projects by subsidizing investments, injecting capital, and establishing funds. We will deepen reform of railway investment and financing by making good use of railway development funds. We will actively promote models of cooperation between government and nongovernmental capital in developing infrastructure and public utilities.
放宽民间投资市场准入 relax market access for private investment；
社会资本 private capital；
设立股权投资基金 set up equity funds；
重点项目 key project；
“以……为抓手”其实就是“通过……做……”，一个简单的介词by就解决了。
He said: "I continue to believe Mr Trump will not be president. And the reason is I have a lot of faith in the American people. I think they recognise being president is a serious job. It's not hosting a talk show or a reality show, it's not promotion, it's not marketing, it's hard and a lot of people count on us getting it right.
奥巴马说：“我依然认为，特朗普不可能成为下一任总统。原因是我对美国民众很有信心。我相信大家都明白，总统身负重担，其工作不可能像主持脱口秀或者真人秀那么简单。总统的工作不是宣传，也不是营销，要把总统做好很难，有那么多人指望着我们能做出正确决策，让事态好起来。
host a talk show主持脱口秀；
a reality show 真人秀；
count on sb. 指望某人；
川普竞选美国总统搞的我国人民比米国人民还兴奋。
建立健全消费品质量安全监管、追溯、召回制度，严肃查处制售假冒伪劣行为，保护消费者合法权益。扩大消费要汇小溪成大河，让亿万群众的消费潜力成为拉动经济增长的强劲动力。
We will strengthen monitoring, tracking, and recall systems to ensure the safety and quality of consumer goods, severely punish the production and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. In expanding consumption, we need to ensure every drop of spending builds to create a mighty river, so that the potential contained in an ocean of private consumers will be channeled into a powerful force driving economic growth.
监管、追溯、召回制度 monitoring, tracking, and recall systems；
严肃查处 severely punish；
制售假冒伪劣行为 the production and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods；
保护消费者合法权益 protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers；
汇小溪成大河 ensure every drop of spending builds to create a mighty river；
文中第一句中的“建立健全”译文直接处理成了“strengthen”，因为汉语为了体现语言的形式美，习惯用四字结构，这两个词属于同义重复，如果处理成“establish and improve”会显得很罗嗦。
Technology experts and privacy advocates counter that forcing U.S. companies to weaken their encryption would make private data vulnerable to hackers, undermine the security of the Internet and give a competitive advantage to companies in other countries.
In a letter to customers posted on Apple’s website, Cook said the FBI wanted the company "to build a backdoor to the iPhone" by making a new version of the iPhone operating system that would circumvent several security features.
科技专家和隐私保护者们认为，强迫美国公司减弱他们的加密措施，会使个人数据更易受到黑客攻击，降低网络安全，并且使其他国家的竞争对手得利。
在苹果官网公布的一封致用户公开信中，苹果总裁库克说，FBI要求公司为其建立“通向iPhone的后门”，具体做法是通过创建一个可绕过几项安全措施的新iPhone操作系统。
privacy advocates 隐私保护者们；
counter 反对；
encryption 加密措施；
circumvent 设法回避，规避；
这段话总体难度不大。注意第一句中的“counter that”不要生硬的处理成“反对”，那么处理给人感觉很别扭。
要坚持立德树人，增强学生的社会责任感、创新精神、实践能力，培养中国特色社会主义建设者和接班人。深化省级政府教育统筹改革、高等院校综合改革和考试招生制度改革。加快义务教育学校标准化建设，改善薄弱学校和寄宿制学校基本办学条件。
We need to foster virtue through education and ensure that students develop a strong sense of social responsibility, innovative thinking, and an ability to put ideas into practice. We should ensure that students strengthen their dedication to socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will deepen the reform to expand the responsibility of provincial-level governments over local education, the comprehensive reform of colleges and universities, as well as the reform of the school examination and enrollment systems. We will move more quickly to help all schools providing compulsory education to meet standards, and improve basic conditions in boarding schools and schools that are poorly built and operated.
立德树人 foster virtue through education；
增强学生的社会责任感 ensure that students develop a strong sense of social responsibility；
创新精神 innovative thinking；
实践能力 an ability to put ideas into practice；
深化省级政府教育统筹改革 deepen the reform to expand the responsibility of provincial-level governments over local education；
高等院校综合改革 the comprehensive reform of colleges and universities；
考试招生制度改革 the reform of the school examination and enrollment systems；
义务教育 compulsory education；
寄宿制学校 boarding schools；
短短的一句话满是词汇知识点。
The de Blasio administration has backed away from its fight with the app company Uber, agreeing on Wednesday to drop for now its plan to place a cap on the number of vehicles operated by Uber in New York City.
周三，由白思豪领导的纽约市政府在它和优步(Uber)的战斗中做出了让步，同意暂时搁置对优步在纽约市运营的车辆数量设定上限的计划。
drop for plan 搁置计划；
place a cap on the number of 对……的数量设定上限；
The agreement brings a temporary end to a fractious struggle that had consumed City Hall for several days, and inundated parts of the city with mailers, phone calls, advertisements and even celebrity endorsements.
该协议为一场激烈的对抗画上了休止符。这场对抗让市政厅喧嚣数日，并让相关邮件、电话、广告甚至名人代言在这座城市的某些地方泛滥成灾。
bring a temporary end to 为……画上了休止符；
fractious 暴躁的，易怒的；
inundate 使不胜负荷；使应接不暇；
endorsement 宣传，吹嘘；
Under the agreement, according to three people familiar with the agreement, the city will conduct a four-month study on the effect of Uber and other for-hire vehicle operators on the city’s traffic and environment.
了解该协议的三位消息人士称，纽约市将就优步及其他营运车辆经营者对该市交通和环境的影响，展开为期4个月的研究。
conduct a study 展开研究；
for-hire vehicle operators 营运车辆经营者；
A City Council bill, which was to come to a vote as early as Thursday, had called for a cap on the company’s growth during the study. City officials said that a cap remained a possibility down the line.
纽约市议会原本计划最快在周四就一项议案进行表决，该议案要求在开展这项研究期间，限制优步的增长。市政府的官员表示，未来仍有可能对优步做出限制。
come to a vote 对……进行表决；
The people said the agreement also called for Uber to release some of the data it had been seeking.
上述消息人士称，协议还要求优步公布它搜集的某些数据。
call for 要求；
release the data 公布数据；
“Uber must adhere to the agreement,” said Karen Hinton, the mayor’s chief spokeswoman, who characterized the deal as “a huge win” for the city. “Otherwise the cap gets put back on the table.”
“优步必须遵守这份协议，”白思豪的首席发言人凯伦•欣顿(Karen Hinton)说，“否则，对限制措施的讨论，就会被重新提上日程。”在她看来，达成这项妥协是纽约市取得的“巨大胜利”。
adhere to the agreement 遵守协议;
get put back on the table 被重新提上日程;
Before the announcement, the fractious, rollicking debate over Uber showed little signs of fading on Wednesday.
周三，该消息公布前，关于优步的激烈而又热闹的争论，并未显示出降温的迹象。
rollicking debate 热闹的争论；
fade on 降温，褪去；
With a possible City Council vote one day away, the company’s aggressive campaign had denounced the mayor on the airwaves, insulted him on the company’s own app and, most recently, found its arguments reinforced on the celebrity Twitter accounts of Ashton Kutcher, Kate Upton, Neil Patrick Harris and other infrequent participants in the municipal taxi dialogue.
在市议会原本再过一天就可能投票之际，优步开展了猛烈的宣传攻势，在电视上和广播里大肆抨击市长，并在自家的app里对他出言不逊。此外，在Twitter上，优步的论点也刚刚得到了一些此前并未过多参与这场城市出租车大讨论的名人的支持，如阿什顿•库彻(Ashton Kutcher)、凯特•阿普顿(Kate Upton)、尼尔•帕特里克•哈里斯(Neil Patrick Harris)等人。
denounce 谴责，指责；
municipal 城市的；
Perhaps the company’s most potent new ally, though, was a less surprising mayoral critic: Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, who waded into the conflict on Wednesday as a staunch defender of the company that Mayor Bill de Blasio had cast as a corporate behemoth.
不过，该公司最强大的新盟友，是纽约州长安德鲁•M•库默(Andrew M. Cuomo)，他批评市长似乎不那么出人意料。他在周三介入了这场冲突，坚定地支持被白思豪市长形容为企业巨兽的优步。
potent 强大的，强有力的；
ally 盟友；
wade into the conflict 介入这场冲突；
behemoth 超级公司，庞然大物；
In a radio interview on Wednesday morning, Mr. Cuomo, with whom Mr. de Blasio is enmeshed in an open feud, called Uber “one of the great inventions of this new economy.”
周三早上，库默在接受电台访问时说，优步是“新经济最伟大的发明之一”。库默和白思豪之间公开存在冲突。
enmesh 使陷入，使卷入；
feud 长期不和，宿怨；
“I don’t think government should be in the business of trying to restrict job growth,” he said.
“我认为政府不应该做出试图限制就业增长的举动，”他说。
The City Council proposal, bolstered by the mayor, was designed to limit the growth of for-hire vehicle companies like Uber to 1 percent, pending a study of city traffic patterns. The city has suggested that Uber may be responsible for slower traffic speeds in Manhattan, a charge the company has rejected.
市议会那项受到市长支持的议案，旨在先把优步这类车辆营运企业的增长率限制在1%以内，等到关于城市交通模式的研究有了结果再做调整。纽约市认为，优步或许对曼哈顿车流速度变慢负有责任，但优步不认可这一指责。
bolster 加强，改善；
pending（prep.）在等待…时期；直到…为止: He was released on bail pending further inquiries. 他获得保释,等候进一步调查。
charge 指控，指责；
这篇文章难度并不大。第一段话中的“主句＋ing”句式让我想起个知识点。在汉英结构搭建中常用的三个功能词或形式，即①“As＋句子”引出事实背景部分表原因，后面添加主句：e.g.As population ages, the government is confronting a growing challenge to support ballooning pensions. ②“主句＋ing”，通过“ing”补充说明主句主语动作造成的结果：e.g. The flood swept across much of South China, leaving 5,000 people homeless. ③“With＋主句”是指“With”引出事实背景，后面添加主句：e.g. With oil prices surging over the past year, people now have to pay 10% more at the pumps on average across the globe. 这个三个结构在汉英或是写作中我们都可以学习加以利用，尽量避免连接上下结构时通篇是“and”，“as well as”这些词。
推进新型城镇化和农业现代化，促进城乡区域协调发展。缩小城乡区域差距，既是调整经济结构的重点，也是释放发展潜力的关键。要深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化，实现1亿左右农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户，完成约1亿人居住的棚户区和城中村改造，引导约1亿人在中西部地区就近城镇化。
到2020年，常住人口城镇化率达到60%、户籍人口城镇化率达到45%。实施一批水利、农机、现代种业等工程，推动农业适度规模经营和区域化布局、标准化生产、社会化服务。到2020年，粮食等主要农产品供给和质量安全得到更好保障，农业现代化水平明显提高。
以区域发展总体战略为基础，以“三大战略”为引领，形成沿海沿江沿线经济带为主的纵向横向经济轴带，培育一批辐射带动力强的城市群和增长极。加强重大基础设施建设，高铁营业里程达到3万公里、覆盖80%以上的大城市，新建改建高速公路通车里程约3万公里，实现城乡宽带网络全覆盖。
We should make progress in new urbanization and agricultural modernization as well as in balancing development between urban and rural areas and between regions. Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is not only a key part of economic structural adjustment; it is also crucial for unleashing developmental potential. We should advance the new, people-centered urbanization. This will mean granting urban residency to around 100 million people with rural household registration living in urban areas and other permanent urban residents, completing the rebuilding of both rundown areas and "villages" in cities involving about 100 million people, and enabling around 100 million rural residents to live in local towns and cities in the central and western regions.
By 2020, permanent urban residents should account for 60% of China's population, and 45% of the Chinese people should be registered as permanent urban residents. We should launch initiatives to develop water conservancy in agriculture, farming machinery, and the modern seed industry, encourage appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations, and promote regional distribution, standardized production, and commercial agricultural services. By 2020, the supply, quality, and safety of food crops and other major agricultural products should be better ensured, notable headway should have been made in modernizing agriculture, and fresh progress should have been made in developing the new countryside.
Guided by the general strategy for regional development, we should pursue the Three Initiatives to form north-south and east-west intersecting economic belts along the coastline, the Yangtze River, and major transportation routes, and foster new growth poles and city clusters that facilitate the development of surrounding areas. We should also expand major infrastructure projects, with the aim of increasing the length of high-speed railways in service to 30,000 kilometers and linking more than 80% of big cities in China with high-speed railways, building or upgrading around 30,000 kilometers of expressways, and achieving full coverage of access to broadband networks in both urban and rural areas.
推进 make progress in；
促进城乡区域协调发展 balance development between urban and rural areas；
缩小差距 narrow the gap between；
释放发展潜力 unleashing developmental potential；
以人为核心的新型城镇化 new, people-centered urbanization；
城镇常住人口 permanent urban residents；
棚户区和城中村改造 the rebuilding of both rundown areas and "villages" in cities；
实施工程launch initiatives；
水利工程 water conservancy；
农机 farming machinery；
现代种业 the modern seed industry；
农业适度规模经营appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations；
区域化布局 regional distribution；
社会化服务 commercial agricultural services；
纵向横向经济轴带 intersecting economic belts；
实现城乡网络全覆盖 achieving full coverage of access to broadband networks in both urban and rural areas；
我觉得有机会了有必要专门统计一下政府工作报告里“推进、促进、拉动”这类词汇的不同表达，比如文中就出现了多个不同表达：make progress，advance，promote，encourage，英语喜欢词汇句式多变，我们在平时练习的过程中要多留心同一词汇的不同表达。