Week11
Last updated
Was this helpful?
Last updated
Was this helpful?
笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin或是慧慧，通过审核便可。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第十一周（2015.07.05—07.11）训练日志，共包括六个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
The techniques for creating a transgenic animal include the following: 1) picking a foreign gene, 2) placing the foreign gene in a suitable form called a “construct” which guides the insertion of the foreign gene into the animal genome and encourages its expression, and 3) injecting the construct into a single fertilized egg or at the very early embryo stage of the host animal. （本段选自科技文）
转基因动物的培育主要采用以下的技术手段：1）选取一个异体基因；2）把异体基因置于某个合适的“结构体”（译者注：专业术语称plasmid，汉译“质粒”）中，这个结构体能把异体基因导入动物的基因组并能激活基因显现；3)把结构体植入宿主动物的一个单独的受精卵内或宿主动物的发育刚起步的胚胎中。
create a transgenic animal 培育转基因动物；
insertion 插入，嵌入，植入；
genome 基因组；
encourage its expression 激活基因显现；
fertilized egg 受精卵
host animal 宿主动物
这些单词可能都认识，可是放到科技文中，选取合适的词语表达就成了问题，比如create, encourage its expression等。另外，我觉得参考译文最后一句翻译的不太好。
耗电量从1978年的253亿千瓦增加到了1997年的1980亿千瓦时。农村地区水电站的发电量增加了一倍多，从23亿千瓦时增加到了56亿千万时。
The electricity consumption increased from 25.3 billion KWH in 1978 to 1980 billion KWH in 1997. The generating capacity of hydropower station in rural areas more than doubled, from 2.3 to 5.6 billion KWH.
耗电量 power/electricity consumption
发电量 generating capacity
水电站 hydropower station
增加了一倍多 more than double
基本没有生词，就看表达是否准确、简洁、流畅。另外，有小伙伴数字换算的时候出错，要注意一下。
We know, again, that the blossom precedes and not succeeds the fruit of the apple-tree, but this does not lessen our amazement at the beautiful holiday of a May orchard.（选自《无知常乐》）
另外，我们知道苹果树先开花，后结果，可是五月一旦到来，果园里一片欢闹的花海，我们不是仍然惊为奇观吗？
blossom n. 花，开花期，花开；vi.开花，兴旺
precede v. 在...之前，优于，领先
succeed vi. vt.成功，继任，继...之后
lessen v. 减少，减轻，变小
后半句but this does not lessen our amazement at the beautiful holiday of a May orchard不太好处理，一句话融合了很多信息，需要理清楚，还要表达得像中国话。译文处理得很好，也符合散文的风格。
我爱花，所以也爱养花。可我还没成为养花专家，因为没有功夫去作研究和试验。我只把养花当做生活中的一种乐趣，花开得大小好坏都不计较，只要开花，我就高兴。（选自老舍《养花》）
I love flowers and hence have taken to growing them. But, short of time to do research and experiment in flower cultivation, I am no gardener at all. I merely take flower cultivation as a pleasure of life. I really don't care whether or not my flowers will put forth plump and nice-looking blossoms.I will be delighted as long as they can blossom.
hence 因此，所以
take to 喜欢，走向，开始从事
还没成为养花专家 no gardener at all
生活中的一种乐趣 a pleasure of life
put forth 提出，发表；（植物）长出，放出；put forth efforts 尽力
plump vi. vt. （使）丰满，鼓起；adj. 丰满的，圆胖的；n.扑通声
句子很简单，但是翻译的时候看到“所以”就是so，看到“喜欢”就是like，完全想不到hence，take to这些词。
“因为没有功夫去作研究和试验”处理为短语做原因状语，看起来比从句要简练、紧凑一些。
Much genetic engineering goes into the choice of a foreign gene and building a construct. The construct must have promoters to turn on foreign gene expression at its new site within the host animal genome. （本段选自科技文）
基因工程的重头戏在于选择异体基因和培育结构体。这个结构体必须要有启动子，并靠启动子激活异体基因在宿主动物基因组的新部位上的基因显现。
go into 详述，细查 go into details；进入（某行业）；探究
promoter 启动子
turn on foreign gene expression 激活异体基因显现
还是科技文，要注意术语及专业表达，多查资料。
尽管中国改善了收获后的各种环节，但提高效率却还有巨大的潜力。虫害、加工不当、贮藏或运输过程中浪费，这些方面造成的收获后损失可能达到5%-10% ，有时甚至更高。
China has certainly improved its post-harvest processes, but there is still a huge potential for increasing efficiency. Post-harvest losses of (food) crops due to pests, improper treatment, and storage or transportation waste can be in the order of 5%-10%, sometimes even higher.
收获后的各种环节 post-harvest processes
in the order of 按...次序，大约
贮藏或运输过程中浪费 storage and transportation waste
这句话不算难，也没有生词，不过可能有的表达想不到，比如收获后post-harvest。
For most people the word "education" means "school" and "school" conjures up an image of a building with classrooms. But what do people think of when they hear "literacy programmes" ? Probably nothing.
对大部分人来说，“教育”就意味着“学校”，而一提到“学校”，他们想到的就是大楼里的一间间的教室。但当听到“扫盲计划”的时候，他们会想到什么呢？也许什么都没有。
conjure sth up ①使浮现于脑海; 使想起: Dieting always seems to conjure up images of endless salads.节食似乎总是让人联想到无穷无尽地天天吃色拉。②魔术般变出〔某物〕: Somehow we have to conjure up another $10,000.我们得想办法再弄到一万美元。
literacy programmes 扫盲计划；
句子很简单却依然处理的不好，最令人心塞。比如： "school" conjures up an image of a building with classrooms，我翻译为：“而“学校”往往令人联想到一个带有教室的建筑。” 意思完整表达出来了，可是对比参考译文：“而一提到“学校”，他们想到的就是大楼里的一间间的教室。”，差距是不是瞬间产生？
1952年7月，新中国第一次组队参加了芬兰赫尔辛基举行的第十五届奥运会。此后由于某些国际势力刻意制造“两个中国”，在向当时国际奥委会抗议未果的情况下，中国奥委会被迫于1958年8月19日宣布断绝与国际奥委会的关系。
In July 1952 New China took part in the XV Olympiad in Helsinki, Finland, for the first time. Afterwards, some international forces deliberately created a " two China" situation and the then IOC did not correct it, turning a deaf ear to China's protest. Under these circumstances, on August 19, 1958, the Chinese Olympic Committee was forced to announce that it had decided to sever all ties with the IOC.
此后 afterwards；
国际势力 international forces；
刻意地 deliberately；
制造“两个中国” create "two China" situation；
国际奥委会 IOC：International Olympic Committee；
充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to sth；
抗议 protest；
被迫做某事 be forced to do sth；
断绝与某人关系 sever all ties with sb.；
参考译文中用了好多固定词组，比如turn a deaf ear to, be forced to, under these circumstances, sever all ties with sb.,我们在平时练习遇到时，一定要多总结记忆。
The number of events increased to 20, and the celebration was spread over several days. Winners of the events were greatly admired and were immortalized in poems and statues.
奥运会比赛项目增加到20项，庆贺仪式要延续数日。人们高度赞誉比赛获胜者，并为他们塑像吟诗，使之名垂千古。
immortalize〔尤指通过著书、画像等〕使不朽，使名垂千古: The poet fell in love with her and immortalized her in his verse. 诗人爱上了她,并以诗歌使她名传后世。
spread over several days 延续数日
注意 spread 应该译为“延续”，我错译为“增加”，大家注意避免我的错误；
poems和statues 参考译文在翻译时将它们处理成了动词“塑像吟诗”；
显然，这位年轻的密苏里小伙子的远东旅行，开始并没有远大的目标，充其量不过是一个浪漫的青年人的冒险，只是在旅途中的传奇经历确定了他的人生道路，尤其是60年前的那次陕北之行，从此使他与中国革命结下不解之缘。
Obviously this young man's Far East travel, which was at most an adventure by a romantic young man, was without any great objective at first. It was only his legendary travel experiences, especially the experiences of his visit to the northern part of Shaanxi Province 60 years ago that determined his lifetime cause, thus closely connecting his life with the Chinese revolution.
远东 Far East；
充其量 at most；
远大的目标 great objective；
旅途中的传奇经历 legendary travel experiences；
人生道路 lifetime cause；
……与……结下了不解之缘 closely connect sth with sth；
汉语中的意合常常是靠上下文语境来弥补逻辑和连贯方面的不足来实现的。在汉译英时，应仔细分析，要用英语的语法等语言形式来体现逻辑和连贯关系。比如文中 “只是在旅途中的传奇经历确定了他的人生道路，尤其是60年前的那次陕北之行，从此使他与中国革命结下不解之缘。” 而按照英文逻辑连贯和句法特征，应翻译为"especially the experiences of his visit to the northern part of Shaanxi Province 60 years ago that determined his lifetime cause, thus closely connecting his life with the Chinese revolution. " 即汉语为：“只是在旅途中的传奇经历，尤其是60年前的那次陕北之行，确定了他的人生道路，从此使他与中国革命结下不解之缘。”
When Mitchell attended Smith College after the First World War, she protested vehemently upon being put in the same classroom with a black student. But in the last years of her life she quietly gave scholarship money for students at Morehouse College, one of Atlanta's best black schools, and also worked to improve conditions in one of the city's black hospitals.
第一次世界大战结束后，米切尔在史密斯学院上学，当时她曾强烈抗议学校安排她与黑人学生在同一个课堂上课。然而到了晚年，米切尔悄悄地捐钱给亚特兰大当地最好的一所黑人学校——莫豪斯学院的黑人学生，作为他们的奖学金。她还致力于改善当地一家黑人医院的医疗条件。
Smith College 史密斯学院（美国著名文科学院，位于马萨诸塞州，在美国大学中排名靠前）；
vehement /ˈviəmənt/ 〔感情或观点〕强烈的，激烈的; (adv)vehemently ;
scholarship ①奖学金: [+ to ] She won a scholarship to Iowa State University. ②学问，学识; 学术研究: Her latest publication is a fine piece of scholarship. 她最新出版的书是一部优秀的学术著作。
the last years of one's life 某人晚年；
句子挺简单，处理起来也不难
试问一年中有哪一天堪与除夕相比呢？所以才形成了中国一道独特的景观“春运”，即使身在天涯海角，也要在除夕之前赶回家中与亲人团聚，即使遇到今年这样百年未遇的特大雪灾也不例外。
What a single day of the whole year can be compared with the New Year's Eve in terms of significance? Just for this family reunion, people have created the unique spectacular of "spring transport peak" in China; even if one is so far away from home, he will try his best to rush back home before the New Year's Eve, nothing even the worst snowstorm in a century that occurred this year can deter their homeward footsteps.
比得上…… be compared with sth；
独特的景观 unique spectacular；
春运 spring transport peak；
身在天涯海角 one is so far away from home；
百年未遇的特大雪灾 nothing even the worst snowstorm in a century；
阻止，制止 deter：The security camera was installed to deter people from stealing.
回家的脚步 homeward footsteps；
大家在翻译第一句话“试问一年中有哪一天堪与除夕相比呢？” 时，可能会和我一样，处理成英语后，就丢失了一些汉语中隐含的成分，导致意思表达不到位。一年中哪一天和除夕，比的是重要性，所以翻译成英语就要把汉语中的隐含义翻译出来，即 in terms of significance。
At the same time there is, perhaps, a special pleasure in re-learning the names of many of the flowers every spring. It is like re-reading a book that one has almost forgotten. Montaigne tells us that he had so bad a memory that he could always read an old book as though he had never read it before. I have myself a capricious and leaking memory. I can read Hamlet itself and The Pickwick Papers as though they were the work of new authors and had come wet from the press, so much of them fades between one reading and another. There are occasions on which a memory of this kind is an affliction, especially if one has a passion for accuracy. But this is only when life has an object beyond entertainment. In respect of mere luxury, it may be doubted whether there is not as much to be said for a bad memory as for a good one. With a bad memory one can go on reading Plutarch and The Arabian Nights all one’s life. Little shreds and tags, it is probable, will stick even in the worst memory, just as a succession of sheep cannot leap through a gap in a hedge without leaving a few wisps of wool on the thorns. But the sheep themselves escape, and the great authors leap in the same way out of an idle memory and leave little enough behind.（选自The Pleasures of Ignorance 《无知常乐》）
倘在每年春天，把许多花卉之名重温一遍，还另有一番风味。那就像把一本差不多忘得一干二净的书再重新念一遍。蒙田说过，他的记忆力很坏，所以他随时都能拿起一本旧书，像从未读过的新书一样地念。我自己的记忆力也漏洞百出、不听使唤，我甚至能拿起《哈姆雷特》和《匹克威克外传》，当做是初登文坛的新作家刚刚印成白纸黑字的作品来念，因为自从上回念过以后，这两部书在我脑子里的印象已经模模糊糊了。这样的记忆力，在某些场合自然让人伤脑筋，尤其当人们渴望精确的时候。不过，在这种时候，人们不仅想得到娱乐，还追求着什么目的。如果只讲享受的话，记忆力坏比记忆力好究竟差到哪里去，还真是大可怀疑呢。记忆力坏的人可以一辈子不断地念着普卢塔克的《英雄传》 和《天方夜谭》，而永远感到新鲜。很可能，最坏的记忆力也难免粘粘连连地留下一星半点的印象，恰如一只只绵羊从篱笆洞里接连通过，总不免在那刺条上留下一丝半缕的羊毛。然而，绵羊终归逃出去了，正像伟大的作家从我们不争气的记忆中消失，所留下的东西简直微不足道。
a special pleasure 另有一番风味；
re-learn 重温；
capricious ① (态度或行为)反覆无常的；任性的；② 变化无常的；变幻莫测的；多变的: a capricious climate变化无常的气候；
leaking ①（使）漏，（使）渗漏: The roof is leaking. 屋顶在漏水。② 〔向报纸、电视台等〕透露，泄露〔秘密〕: The report's findings had been leaked. 这份报告的调查结果已经泄漏。
a capricious and leaking memory 漏洞百出、不听使唤的记忆力；
affliction 痛苦，折磨;〔尤指〕病痛:the afflictions of old age 老年时的各种痛苦；
in respect of mere luxury 如果只讲享受的话；
little shreds and tags 一星半点的东西；
hedge 树篱；
a few wisps of wool 一丝半缕的羊毛；
thorn 荆棘，植物茎上的刺；
我对自己翻译的这篇散文评价就是，不仅很多地方都在不着边际的瞎扯，而且语言还很土；
文中用了好多比喻，弄的人云里雾里。最后理解了，也不太好处理。
成人教育包括学历教育、扫盲教育和其他针对成人的各种教育。至1999年，全国普通高校已办了871所成人教育学院和大学，800余个函授教育点和成人夜校。自考教育已发展到250多个专业，3000万人获得了大专和本科文凭。
Adult education comprises schooling education, anti-illiteracy education and other programs oriented to adult groups. Up to 1999, there were 871 colleges and universities destined to adult education and some 800 correspondence-based and evening adult education programs launched by common colleges. For higher education examination program for self-taught, there were over 250 disciplines launched under this program and more than 30 million people have got their junior college or bachelor degree.
包括 comprise: The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. 这座房子有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室。(be comprised of 由……构成：The committee is comprised of well-known mountaineers. 委员会由知名的登山运动员组成。)
学历教育 schooling education；
扫盲教育 anti-illiteracy/literacy education；
针对……oriented to/ destined to；
函授教育点和成人夜校 correspondence-based and evening adult education programs；
普通高校common colleges；
自考教育 higher education examination program for self-taught；
专业discipline；
大专文凭 junior college degree；
总之，中国是一个人口众多、经济和文化发展不平衡的大国，教育事业还有待进一步发展，但我们有信心建立起一个与国情相适应的、面向21世纪的教育体制。
As a whole, education in China, the most populous country with extremely unbalanced economic and cultural development, is still an under-cultivated land. However, we have adequate reasons to expect an educational framework compatible with Chinese conditions and oriented to the next millennium.
总之 as a whole；
人口众多的 populous；
经济文化发展不平衡 extremely unbalanced economic and cultural development；
有待进一步发展 an under-cultivated land；
有信心 have adequate reasons to expect；
教育体制 educational framework；
与……相适应 compatible ：The new system will be compatible with existing equipment. 新的系统将与现有的设备相互兼容。
中国国情 Chinese conditions；
面向 oriented to；
“有待进一步发展”和“面向21世纪”参考译文处理的好地道，完全没受源语的影响；