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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。
注：笔译小组只接受邮件申请，请勿QQ留言，凡是以其他方式提交任务的，均不会回复或者响应。收到邮件后3天左右回复。
以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组每周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第五十周（2016.04.04-2016.04.10）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Lawyers prefer that people use a letter of wishes to lay out more emotional messages not appropriate for a will. “People don’t want to update their will 12 times a year, so they say my personal effects are to be divided as I’ve described in my letter of wishes,” Ms. Klein said. She said these letters were also good for leaving messages about life goals to children and grandchildren, which is what SafeBeyond aims to do.
律师们宁愿人们利用意向书来传达不适合出现在遗嘱中的更加富有情感的信息。克莱因表示，“人们不想一年12次更新遗嘱，因此，他们会说，我的个人财产将按照意向书中的说明进行分配。” 她表示，意向书也有助于留给孩子及孙辈有关生活目标的信息，这正是SafeBeyond想做的事。
will 遗嘱
a letter of wishes意向书
Effects 财产，常为复数
be good for 对某事有用
a letter of wishes这种词，不怕你看不懂，就怕你想不出，所以多点积累中文也是有必要的；另外more emotional messages的more究竟是形容词还是副词，也不要急于下结论。
be good for 对某事有用，所以可以猜一下good-for-nothing表示什么。
二是深化改革开放，激发经济社会发展活力。针对束缚发展的体制机制障碍，我们通过全面深化改革，以释放市场活力、对冲经济下行压力，啃了不少硬骨头，经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等体制改革全面推进。
Second, we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development. To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comprehensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic pressure. We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.
释放市场活力 invigorating the market
对冲经济下行压力 offset downward economic pressure
啃了不少硬骨头 tackled many tough issues
第二句是长句，且主语都是we，所以要注意断句，见到“针对…矛盾”、“以”等，应直接联想到不定式来表达目的。
面对比较“地道”的中国话，要在理解内涵的前提下翻译，“啃硬骨头”这样的话切不可硬翻。
Prof Bahns from Wellesly College said: “Though the idea that partners influence each other is central in relationships research, we have identified a large domain in which friends show very little change-- personality, attitudes and values, and a selection of socially-relevant behaviors.” “To be clear, we do not mean to suggest that social influence doesn't happen in relationships; however, there's little room for influence to occur when partners are similar at the outset of relationships.” “Anything that disrupts the harmony of the relationship--such as areas of disagreement, especially on attitudes, values, or preferences that are important--is likely to persist.”
威雷斯利大学的巴恩斯教授说：“尽管两人相互影响是人际关系研究的主流观点，但我们已经发现了很多朋友不能改变的地方，比如性格、态度和价值观以及种种社交相关行为。”“要清楚，我们并非是说社交对人际关系没有影响，而是说，如果两人一开始就志趣相投的话，那么社交对人的改变极其有限。” “任何扰乱人际关系和谐的东西，比如两人间的分歧，尤其是态度、价值观或重要的偏好上的分歧，很有可能都不会随时间消弭。”
outset 开始，开端
a large domain 虽然不是生词，但就怕有人钻牛角尖把“大”字译出来，而没考虑到作者的本意，也不符合汉语的表达。
政府工作还存在不足，有些政策措施落实不到位。少数政府机关工作人员乱作为，一些腐败问题触目惊心，有的为官不为，在其位不谋其政，该办的事不办。我们要直面问题，安不忘危，治不忘乱，勇于担当，不辱历史使命，不负人民重托。
There is still much to be improved in the work of the government, with some policies and measures not being satisfactorily implemented. A small number of government employees behave irresponsibly; shocking cases of corruption still exist; and some government officials are neglectful of their duties, holding onto their jobs while failing to fulfill their responsibilities. We must face these problems head on. In times of peace one must be alert to danger, and in times of stability one must be mindful of the potential for chaos. We must be ready to bear the weight of responsibility, do justice to our historic mission, and live up to the great trust the people place in us.
政府机关工作人员 government employees
为官不为，在其位不谋其政，该办的事不办 neglectful of their duties, holding onto their jobs while failing to fulfill their responsibilities
*安不忘危，治不忘乱In times of peace one must be alert to danger, and in times of stability one must be mindful of the potential for chaos.
*勇于担当，不辱历史使命，不负人民重托bear the weight of responsibility, do justice to our historic mission, and live up to the great trust the people place in us.
按林超伦的说法，在汉译英时应当先对中文进行简化。以“为官不为，在其位不谋其政，该办的事不办”为例，能明显看出废话很多，这时可以简单地归纳一下主旨再进行翻译，简化为“在其位而不能尽职尽责”(但职责二字是否重复可以保留意见，因为在报告的下文中也有另外的译法)。至于其他句子，多少都带有一点中国特色，也是常见的套话，背一句能用十年。
Some 795 million people are undernourished globally, according to the World Food Program. Yet about a third of all food produced in the world -- some 1.3 billion tons -- is wasted each year, according to the United Nations. The cost of global food wastage is about $1 trillion a year. All of the store's proceeds will go to DanChurchAid's work in developing nations like South Sudan and Bangladesh.
世界粮食计划署的统计显示，全球约有7.95亿人仍然处于吃不饱的状态。联合国的数据显示，世界上每年产出的食物中，约有三分之一（即13亿吨）被浪费掉了，相当于每年在这方面浪费一万亿美元。 “我们食铺”的所有销售收入都将捐给“丹麦教会援助社”，用于资助南苏丹和孟加拉国等发展中国家。
World Food Program世界粮食计划署
proceeds收入
All of the store's proceeds will go to Dan Church Aid's work in developing nations like South Sudan and Bangladesh. 用于支持该机构在这些发展中国家的工作，而非“资助”这些国家。
不失时机加快价格改革。改革方向是发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，大幅缩减政府定价种类和项目，具备竞争条件的商品和服务价格原则上都要放开。取消绝大部分药品政府定价，下放一批基本公共服务收费定价权。
We will take timely action to accelerate price reform. This reform is aimed at ensuring the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and significantly reducing the number of categories and items of goods and services for which prices are set by the government. In principle, we will lift pricing controls over all goods and services that can viably compete in markets. The government will stop setting prices for most pharmaceuticals and delegate to lower-level governments the power to set prices for certain basic public services.
政府定价种类和项目 the number of categories and items of goods and services for which prices are set by the government
具备竞争条件的商品和服务 all goods and services that can viably compete in markets
药品 pharmaceuticals
lift pricing controls 类似的还有relax和liberalize, lift 在减轻制裁和限制等比较常见。
这段话比较讲究补充和理解内容，譬如“改革方向是”表示目的；“价格原则上都要放开”并非去放开价格，而是要去放松pricing control；“取消某定价”是不再定价……
"It's not a matter of pandering and getting in the news every day. It requires being able to work with leaders around the world in a way that reflects the importance of the office, and gives people confidence that you know the facts, and you know their names, and you know where they are on a map, and you know something about their history." Mr. Obama added: "This is reported as entertainment but as you get closer (to the election) the reality has a way of intruding. The American people are pretty sensible and I think they'll make a sensible choice."
“当总统不是要去迎合选民，或者天天上新闻。作为总统，应该能和世界各国领导者们共同合作，由此显现出总统的价值。了解他国的现状，知道他们的名字，能在地图上指出他们的国土，对他们的历史略知一二，这些都很重要，因为这会带给人们信心。” 奥巴马还补充道：“现在有关总统竞选的报道听起来就和闹着玩的一样，可一旦你走近（选举）就会发现，现实的情况是残酷的。好在美国民众们都颇为明智，我相信他们能做出理性的选择。”
have a way of doing sth. 总能做某事
pander 逢迎
这篇文章来自奥巴马的一篇采访稿。所以不要求像翻译演讲稿那样堆砌四字词，关键是要站在speaker的角度来理解原文，并且以语法结构的合理性作为指导。
今年中央预算内投资增加到4776亿元，但政府不唱“独角戏”，要更大激发民间投资活力，引导社会资本投向更多领域。铁路投资要保持在8000亿元以上，新投产里程8000公里以上，在全国基本实现高速公路电子不停车收费联网，使交通真正成为发展的先行官。
This year, the central government will increase its budgetary investment to 477.6 billion yuan. However, the government does not intend to perform an investment soliloquy; we need to do more to stimulate private investment and channel the investment of nongovernmental capital into more areas. We will keep our investment in railway construction above 800 billion yuan and open over 8,000 kilometers of railways to traffic. We will work to ensure that drive-through electronic toll collection systems are connected up on expressways throughout the country, and work toward making transportation truly lead the way in promoting development.
民间投资 private investment/non-governmental investment
预算内投资 budgetary investment
独角戏 soliloquy/monologue
电子不停车收费(系统) drive-through electronic toll collection systems （某些免费热线 toll-free line）
除了可能有些中文本身就暧昧含糊之外，整体来说还是比较好翻译的，平时应该通过报告来检漏并且熟悉表达，尽量避免翻译时不明就里。
"The government is asking Apple to hack our own users and undermine decades of security advancements that protect our customers - including tens of millions of American citizens - from sophisticated hackers and cybercriminals," Cook said. Apple and Google both adopted strong default encryption in late 2014, amid growing digital privacy concerns spurred in part by the leaks from former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden.
库克表示，“政府要求苹果闯入我们的用户，损害数十年来为保护我们的顾客——包括数以千万的美国市民——抵抗精密黑客和科技罪犯而设的安全进展”。 在卷入NSA前雇员爱德华·斯诺登的泄漏情报事件后，为了加强对隐私数据的保护，苹果和谷歌在2014年都升级了加密措施。
undermine 破坏
spur 鞭策，鼓动，激励
应该不会有生词，但应该注意汉语的选词和句子的布置（参考译文是一个完美的反例）。
落实农民工随迁子女在流入地接受义务教育政策，完善后续升学政策。 全面推进现代职业教育体系建设。引导部分地方本科高校向应用型转变，通过对口支援等方式支持中西部高等教育发展，继续提高中西部地区和人口大省高考录取率。
We will implement the policy of enabling the children of migrant workers to receive compulsory education in the cities and towns where they and their parents live and improve policies that enable them to continue on into secondary and college education. We will work to comprehensively promote the development of a modern vocational education system. We will guide a number of local undergraduate institutions to transform themselves into applied colleges. We will support the development of higher education in the central and western regions by offering them assistance through pairing programs, and continue to raise the admission rate for those taking the college entrance exams in the central and western regions and in provinces with larger populations.
农民工随迁子女 the children of migrant workers
流入地 the cities and towns where they and their parents live/cities of residence
后续升学政策 policies that enable them to continue on into secondary and college education
部分地方本科高校向应用型转变 a number of local undergraduate institutions to transform themselves into applied colleges
对口支援 pairing programs/partner assistance
对于政府报告，能说的差不多都是关注句型，关注表达，这次看到的下次能用就用。
We are 15 years into this new century. Fifteen years that dawned with terror touching our shores; that unfolded with a new generation fighting two long and costly wars; that saw a vicious recession spread across our nation and the world. It has been, and still is, a hard time for many.
我们跨入新世纪已经15年了。新世纪一开始，我们就遭受了恐怖袭击，新一代人就投入了两场旷日持久而又代价昂贵的战争，后来又发生了席卷全国乃至全球的恶性衰退。对很多人来说，那时候是，现在也仍然是一段艰难的时期。
dawned with = started with 开始
shores 国土，国境（一般为复数）
saw 经历，拥有
vicious 恶性的，残暴的，FYI, 和vice同一个词源
But tonight, we turn the page. Tonight, after a breakthrough year for America, our economy is growing and creating jobs at the fastest pace since 1999. Our unemployment rate is now lower than it was before the financial crisis. More of our kids are graduating than ever before. More of our people are insured than ever before. And we are as free from the grip of foreign oil as we've been in almost 30 years.
但是今天晚上，我们将翻开新的一页。今晚，在美国取得了突破性进展的一年后，我们的经济在增长，新的就业机会在以1999年以来最快的速度增加。我们现在的失业率甚至低于金融危机之前。从学校毕业的孩子人数比以往任何时候都多，得到医疗保障的民众也超过以往，我们还打破了过去近30年一直依赖外国石油的状态。
page （历史的）一页（指重大事件或重大时期）
the grip of ……的约束
Tonight, for the first time since 9/11, our combat mission in Afghanistan is over. Six years ago, nearly 180,000 American troops served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Today, fewer than 15,000 remain. And we salute the courage and sacrifice of every man and woman in this 9/11 Generation who has served to keep us safe. We are humbled and grateful for your service.
今晚，我们自9·11恐怖袭击以来首次结束了在阿富汗的战斗任务。6年前，将近18万美国军人在阿富汗或是伊拉克服役，今天，留守那里的只有不到15000人。我们向9·11之后一代服役的男女军人所付出的牺牲和所展示的勇气表示敬意，因为他们的守护，我们得以安全。我们对你们的服务充满敬意和感激。
troops 一群/一队士兵，亦可以用来表示士兵单位
America, for all that we have endured; for all the grit and hard work required to come back; for all the tasks that lie ahead, know this: The shadow of crisis has passed, and the State of the Union is strong.
美国同胞，为了我们所承受的一切，为了重振所需要的努力和辛苦工作，为了面前的任务，我们应该明白：危机的阴影已过去，我们的国家现在很强大。
grit 坚毅
The shadow of “影响”，可和haunting, lingering一起用
At this moment -- with a growing economy, shrinking deficits, bustling industry, booming energy production -- we have risen from recession freer to write our own future than any other nation on Earth. It's now up to us to choose who we want to be over the next 15 years and for decades to come.
此时此刻，随着我们经济的发展、财政赤字的缩减、工业的兴旺发展、以及能源生产的蒸蒸日上，我们摆脱了经济衰退，比地球上任何其他国家都更加自由地书写我们的未来。现在我们可以自主选择我们未来十五年、乃至未来的几十年要成为什么样子。
boom 产业繁荣兴旺，baby boom婴儿潮
shrink 经济方面“量”的收缩，衣服变皱，心理学家
freer to write our own future 更加自由地书写我们的未来
Will we accept an economy where only a few of us do spectacularly well? Or will we commit ourselves to an economy that generates rising incomes and chances for everyone who makes the effort?
我们要接受一种只有极个别人能大发横财的经济？还是应该致力于发展使每一个努力的人都能够增加收入、得到机会的经济？
generates 产生、造成（工作、收入、骚动等）
commit to = devote to致力于，奉献
Will we approach the world fearful and reactive, dragged into costly conflicts that strain our military and set back our standing? Or will we lead wisely, using all elements of our power to defeat new threats and protect our planet?
我们是否要以一种恐惧和被动的姿态来应对这个世界，被卷入昂贵的冲突，消耗我们的军力，并削弱我们的地位？还是要以一种明智的姿态来引导，尽我们的所能，击败这些新的威胁并保护我们的星球？
dragged into 卷入，亦可用involve, embroil, mire, entangle
strain 使不堪重负。
set back our standing 削弱地位；stand 立场
elements 此处为“部分”，这个词比较特殊的用法有两个：the elements和criminal elements，前者为“遮风挡雨”的“风雨”，后者为犯罪团伙。
这篇文章新词应该不会很多，但如林超伦博士所言，应当从翻译中学习单词的新用法（拓展用法则大可不必，不然不如背字典），分分钟又可以用在汉译英上呢!
总统讲话最主要是亲民，用词不会难，主要是翻译时应该注意句子的重新布置并且不要死扣某个单词、代词或短语，能多用四字词就再好不过了。
fearful and reactive可参考all men are created equal, 因为着重的是人人平等，而非造人的过程。
30多年来，中国家庭农业能够不断焕发出新的活力，也与科技、政策等创新密不可分。我们建立了一整套农业科技推广体系，大面积推广优良品种、农业机械，推广设施农业。
We also owe the constant new vigor in China's family farming over the past 30-plus years to innovation in science, technology and relevant policies. We have established a whole system for disseminating agricultural science and technology and extensively promoted quality varieties, agricultural machinery as well as controlled-environment agriculture.
30多年 30-plus/odd years
家庭农业 family farming
活力 vigor /vitality
密不可分 owe to
推广 disseminating
优良品种、农业机械，推广设施农业 quality varieties, agricultural machinery as well as controlled-environment agriculture（controlled environmental agriculture）
仅杂交水稻一项，每年就带来数千万吨的增产。我们大力鼓励农民合作社、专业农户、企业公司以及政府服务组织等，为农民提供农业机械作业、农产品加工流通等服务。每年都有数十万台农业机械像候鸟一样，在中国大地上往返迁徙。当小麦成熟的时候，大批联合收割机一路由南往北，追赶着季节，为农民提供小麦收割服务，既解决了农民家庭机械作业的难题，也提高了农业机械的使用效率。
Hybrid rice alone has increased annual output by tens of millions of tons in China. We greatly encourage farmers' cooperatives, specialized farming households, businesses and government service organizations to provide farmers with services in terms of agricultural machinery and the processing and distribution of agricultural produce. Every year, hundreds of thousands of agricultural machines are taken to different parts of China to serve agricultural seasons, like birds that migrate back and forth with the seasons. When wheat ripens, an army of combined harvesters would advance from the south to the north of China, helping farmers with wheat harvesting. This not only provides much-needed agricultural machinery to rural households, but also helps raise efficiency in the use of farming machines.
杂交水稻 Hybrid rice
农民合作社、专业农户、企业公司以及政府服务组织 farmers' cooperatives, specialized farming households, businesses and government service organizations
农业机械作业、农产品加工流通 agricultural machinery and the processing and distribution of agricultural produce
像候鸟一样，在中国大地上往返迁徙like birds that migrate back and forth with the seasons
中国政府还不断增加农业投入，支持建设农业基础设施、改善生产条件，农田有效灌溉率已提高到50%以上，农业抗灾能力不断增强。
The Chinese government is still increasing input in agriculture to support agricultural infrastructure and improve production conditions. For instance, the effective irrigation rate of farmland in China has been raised to over 50% and China's agriculture is now more resilient to disasters.
有效灌溉率 the effective irrigation rate
抗灾能力不断增强 more resilient to disasters
本篇摘自李克强在联合国粮农组织的演讲，总结下来其实一些名词的合成方式也有比较多的规律，比如（有效）灌溉率、(杂交)水稻、 农民合作社、(专业)农户、企业公司以及政府服务组织，括号里面还有诸如社会（social, nongovernment/nongovernmental）和企业债券等里面的“企业(corporate)”都是比较常见的形容词，如果是政府，农民等平时鲜有形容词形式的则应用名词或者所有格（当然，一些字典（如韦氏新世界）把government视作形容词，那就只能是开心就好了）。总之工多手熟，熟悉了工作报告一般都不会有太大问题。
抗灾能力大，韧性强，活力，密不可分等都没必要硬翻，多点理解，不翻或者少翻也是极好的，但遇见名词里有生词，还是应该多加记忆。