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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。
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下面是笔译训练群的第五十一周(2016.04.11-2016.04.17)训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Howard D. Schultz, the chief executive of Starbucks, said in a letter to employees on Sunday that baristas would no longer be encouraged to write the phrase “Race Together” on customers' coffee cups, drawing to a close a widely derided component of the company’s plan to promote a discussion on racial issues. “While there has been criticism of the initiative — and I know this hasn’t been easy for any of you — let me assure you that we didn’t expect universal praise,” Mr. Schultz wrote.
星巴克(Starbucks)首席执行官霍华德·D·舒尔茨(Howard D. Schultz)周日在一封致员工信中说道，不再鼓励咖啡师在客人的咖啡杯上写“种族共处”(Race Together)这个口号。于是，该公司旨在就种族议题促进公开讨论，但却广泛受到嘲笑的计划就此结束。 “尽管这个项目受到了批评，我也知道这个举措对你们所有人来说，都不算容易，但我想明确地告诉大家，我们并没有指望会受到普遍的赞誉，”舒尔茨写道。
barista 咖啡师
draw to a close 结束
第一段只有一句话，包含了许多信息。英文用从句和介词可以把很多信息糅合在一个句子中，但汉语如果把信息堆叠在一起，就会造成阅读困难，因此最好拆分来译。
扎实推动重点改革。制定并实施深化财税体制改革总体方案，预算管理制度和税制改革取得重要进展，专项转移支付项目比上年减少1/3以上，一般性转移支付比重增加，地方政府性债务管理得到加强。
We have made solid progress in key reforms. We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax systems. Important progress was made in the reform of the budgetary management and tax systems. The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the previous year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased. Management of local government debt was strengthened.
扎实推动 make solid progress in
专项转移支付项目 items receiving special transfer payments
一般性转移支付 transfer payments for general purposes
专项转移支付：上级政府(在我国一般指中央、省、市级政府)为实现特定的宏观政策目标，以及对委托下级政府代理的一些事务进行补偿而设立的专项补助资金。资金接受者需按规定用途使用资金。一般性转移支付：中央政府对有财力缺口的地方政府（主要是中西部地区），按照规范的办法给予的补助。
Having baristas write on customers' cups, Mr. Schultz wrote, “which was always just the catalyst for a much broader and longer-term conversation — will be completed as originally planned today, March 22.” That end date had not previously been mentioned publicly, including during Mr. Schultz’s discussion of the initiative at the company’s annual shareholders meeting last week, but a company spokeswoman, Laurel Harper, said employees had been told about it.
让咖啡师在顾客的杯子上写口号的做法，舒尔茨写道，“只是促进更广泛、更长期讨论的催化剂，这种做法将按照最初的计划，于今天即3月22日结束。” 这个截止日期此前从未被公开透露过。舒尔茨上周在公司的年度股东大会上谈到这项行动时，也未提及截止日期。不过星巴克女发言人洛瑞尔·哈珀(Laurel Harper)透露，曾向员工们透露过这个日期。
catalyst 催化剂
catalyst翻译时可进行词性转换，处理为动词“促进”即可，不一定非要用“催化剂”。
我国是世界上最大的发展中国家，仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，发展是硬道理，是解决一切问题的基础和关键。化解各种矛盾和风险，跨越“中等收入陷阱”，实现现代化，根本要靠发展，发展必须有合理的增长速度。
China is the largest developing country in the world; it is still in the primary stage of socialism, where it will remain for a long time to come. At this stage, development is of primary importance to China; it is both the basis for and the key to solving every problem we face. In order to defuse problems and risks, avoid falling into the “middle-income trap,” and achieve modernization, China must rely on development, and development requires an appropriate growth rate.
社会主义初级阶段 the primary stage of socialism
发展是硬道理 development is of primary importance to China
化解各种矛盾和风险 defuse problems and risks
汉语多用短句，逻辑关系不是特别明确，比如“化解各种矛盾和风险，跨越“中等收入陷阱”，实现现代化，根本要靠发展，发展必须有合理的增长速度。”翻译时用“In order to”点明逻辑关系，清晰明了。
Asked whether Starbucks was reacting to criticism, Ms. Harper said, “That is not true at all. When we initially began the Race Together initiative, what we wanted to do is spark the conversation, because we believe that is the first step in a complicated issue.” She added, “Leading change isn’t an easy thing to accomplish.” The initiative, which began last week, was mocked with such vehemence on social media that the company’s senior vice president for global communications deleted his Twitter account because, as he wrote on Medium, he felt “personally attacked in a cascade of negativity.”
在被问及星巴克此举是不是为了回应批评时，哈珀说，“完全不是这样。我们最初开始‘种族共处’项目的时候，我们希望做的事情就是激发讨论，因为我们相信这是一个复杂议题中的第一步。” 她又说，“引领变革并不是容易达成的任务。” 这项于上周启动的计划，在社交网络上受到了猛烈的嘲讽，以至于该公司负责全球沟通的高级副总裁删除了自己的Twitter账户。他在Medium上写道，原因是他感觉到了“一波又一波负面的人身攻击”。
spark n.火花； v. 鼓舞，发动
mock vt. 嘲笑，愚弄，不尊重；adj. 仿制的，假冒的
vehemence 激烈，热烈
cascade 小瀑布；a cascade of 许多
“删除账户”可用“注销账户”。
扩大输配电价改革试点，推进农业水价改革，健全节能环保价格政策。完善资源性产品价格，全面实行居民阶梯价格制度。同时必须加强价格监管，规范市场秩序，确保低收入群众基本生活。
We will expand the trials of pricing reforms for electricity transmission and distribution, carry out pricing reforms for water used in agriculture, and improve pricing policies to make them more conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. We will improve the pricing of resource products and fully implement a system of tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes. At the same time, we must strengthen oversight over pricing, improve market order, and ensure the basic living standards of people on low incomes.
输配电价改革 pricing reforms for electricity transmission and distribution
be conducive to 有益于，有助于
资源性产品 resource products
全面实行居民阶梯价格制度 fully implement a system of tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes
“推进”的多种表达方式move forward with/promote/enhance/encourage/give impetus to
翻译时要深入了解汉语原意，“健全节能环保价格政策”英文解读为“让价格政策更有利于节能环保”。
Some critics said that Starbucks might look first to its own executive team, which they suggested was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff. Others felt that a coffee company should not foist such discussions on customers. More open forums are planned, Mr. Schultz wrote, and three special sections in USA Today focusing on racial issues are to appear over the next year, along with “more open dialogue with police and community leaders in cities across our country, a continued focus on jobs and education for our nation’s young people.”
一些批评人士说，星巴克或许应该先看一下它自己的高管团队。他们提出，该公司高管团队中的多元性，远低于薪水较低的那些员工。其他人则感觉，一家咖啡店不应该把这种讨论强加给顾客。 舒尔茨写道，还计划了更多的公开论坛，《今日美国报》(USA Today)上将于明年开辟三个关注种族议题的特别栏目，此外“还会在全国各个城市，在警方和社区领袖之间促进更多的公开对话，并持续关注我国年轻人的就业和教育”。
look to 注意，指望，照看
foist 蒙骗，把……强加于
“More open forums are planned”被动句译成中文要主动话，可加主语，比如“我们还计划了很多公开论坛”。
今年粮食产量要稳定在1.1万亿斤以上，保障粮食安全和主要农产品供给。坚守耕地红线，全面开展永久基本农田划定工作，实施耕地质量保护与提升行动，推进土地整治，增加深松土地2亿亩。加强农田水利基本建设，大力发展节水农业。
This year, we need to keep grain output above 550 million metric tons, and ensure both food security and the supply of major agricultural products. We will make sure that China' s arable land area does not fall below the red line of 120 million hectares. We will carry out work on designating permanent basic cropland throughout the country, launch an initiative to maintain and enhance the quality of cultivated land, improve rural land, improve the subsoil of 13.3 million hectares of cropland, strengthen the building of irrigation and water conservancy facilities, and work hard to develop water-efficient agriculture.
坚守耕地红线 make sure that China' s arable land area does not fall below the red line of 120 million hectares
全面开展永久基本农田划定工作 carry out work on designating permanent basic cropland throughout the country
推进土地整治 improve rural land
中文有“斤”“亩”的计量单位, 但是英文无, 所以此处译文转译为“公吨”和“公顷”。（1亩=666.7平方米，1公顷=1万平方米）
“坚守耕地红线”中文默认“红线”为大家熟知的基本信息，英文如果直译则会让读者费解，此处译文make sure that China' s arable land area does not fall below the red line of 120 million hectares增译具体内容，语义清晰。
Starbucks has also committed, he said, to hiring “10,000 opportunity youth over the next three years” and expanding its store footprint in “urban communities.” The criticisms, Ms. Harper said, have not dented Starbucks' determination. “This is who we are,” she said. “Our mission is to inspire and nurture the human spirit, one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time. We know that we don’t have all the solutions and the answers, but for us, doing nothing makes us part of the problem.”
他说，星巴克还承诺，“在未来三年里雇佣一万名有前途的年轻人”，并将扩大“城市社区里”店铺的数量。 哈珀表示，这些批评并没有改变星巴克的决心。“我们本质如此，”她说。“我们的使命就是激发和滋养人类精神，每个人、每杯咖啡、每个社区都是进展。我们明白，我们拿不出所有的解决方案和答案，但如果我们什么都不做，就会成为问题的一部分。”
dent 削弱，压损
基本没有生词，但one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time不太好理解，指每次一小步，一点一点积累，总会起到效果。
加强特殊教育、学前教育、继续教育和民族地区各类教育。促进民办教育健康发展。加强教师队伍建设。为切实把教育事业办好，我们要保证投入，花好每一分钱，畅通农村和贫困地区学子纵向流动的渠道，让每个人都有机会通过教育改变自身命运。 参考译文 We will strengthen education for those with special learning needs, preschool education, continuing education, and all types of education in areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities. We will work to promote the healthy development of privately run educational institutions. We will strengthen the workforce of teachers. In order to provide good education, we must guarantee funding and ensure that every yuan is well spent. We should clear any obstructions to upwards mobility for students from rural or poor areas, and ensure that each and every person has the opportunity to change their life through education.
特殊教育 education for those with special learning needs
民族地区 areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities
民办教育 privately run educational institutions
加强教师队伍建设 strengthen the workforce of teachers
切实把教育事业办好 provide good education
畅通……渠道 clear any obstructions to
纵向流动 upwards mobility
有时候汉语很简单，英文译出来有点复杂，比如“特殊教育education for those with special learning needs”；有时候汉语很复杂，英文译出来很简单，比如“切实把教育事业办好 provide good education”，翻译不是简单的字词转换，把握精髓最重要。
A short nap could reduce impulsive behavior and improve the ability to withstand frustration, a small study suggests.
一项小型研究表明，午睡片刻可以减少冲动行为，改善人承受挫折的能力。
impulsive 冲动的，受感情驱使的，任性的
withstand 承受，抵挡，禁得起
Researchers studied 40 people aged 18 to 50. After three nights of normal sleep, the participants took computer-based tests of frustration tolerance — which consisted of trying to complete an impossible task — and completed questionnaires on sleepiness, mood and impulsivity. Then they were randomly assigned to take an hour’s nap, or to watch a nature video. At the end of the process, they were tested again. The study appears in Personality and Individual Differences.
研究人员招募了40名年龄在18岁至50岁之间的参与者，并让他们在正常睡眠三个晚上后，接受通过计算机进行的挫折承受力测试（包括试图完成一个不可能完成的任务），并回答有关睡意、情绪和冲动性的调查问卷。然后，参与者们被随机分为两组，一组午睡一个小时，另一组观看自然题材的纪录片。待上述程序都结束后，他们又再度接受了测试。该研究发表在《个性与个体差异》杂志(Personality and Individual Differences)上。
impulsivity 冲动，冲动性，易冲动
Before the nap period, everyone spent about the same amount of time on the unsolvable task, but afterward nappers, who all reported having slept at least part of the time, spent significantly more time working at it than they had before their nap, while non-nappers gave up sooner. Nappers also rated their behavior as less impulsive than non-nappers.
在午睡之前，每名参与者面对无法解决的任务时花的时间大致相同；但在午睡之后，报告在那一小时期间至少睡着了一会儿的所有参与者在任务上花的时间都比之前显著增加，而没有午睡的参与者则更快地选择了放弃。与没有午睡的人相比，午睡组在评定自己的行为时普遍认为自己的冲动程度较低。
The lead author, Jennifer R. Goldschmied, a doctoral student at the University of Michigan, acknowledged that the sample is small, involved mainly college students and may not be applicable to other populations. The sleep calculations also did not use electronic devices to precisely measure sleep and wakefulness.
该研究的主要作者，密歇根大学(University of Michigan)的博士生珍妮弗•R•戈德施米德(Jennifer R. Goldschmied)承认他们的样本较少，而且大部分都是在校大学生，因此可能并不适用于其他人群。在计算睡眠时也没有使用电子设备来精确测定参与者的睡眠和清醒状况。
lead author 第一作者，主要作者
wakefulness 觉醒，不眠
Still, she said, “These results are valuable and have put us on the route to understanding how we can utilize naps. Now people are starting to understand how powerful short bursts of sleep can be.”
不过她还是认为“这些结果很有价值，它指引我们走上研究如何充分利用午睡的道路。现在人们已经开始认识到睡眠时的短脉冲有多么强大了”。
这篇文章很短，也没什么生词，比较简单。不过最后一句里面short bursts of sleep应该跟短脉冲没什么关系，就是短时休息、小憩。
亚洲是当今世界最具发展活力和潜力的地区之一，亚洲发展同其他各大洲发展息息相关。亚洲国家积极探索适合本国情况的发展道路，在实现自身发展的同时有力促进了世界发展。亚洲与世界其他地区共克时艰，合作应对国际金融危机，成为拉动世界经济复苏和增长的重要引擎，近年来对世界经济增长的贡献率已超过50%，给世界带来了信心。亚洲同世界其他地区的区域次区域合作展现出勃勃生机和美好前景。
Asia is one of the most dynamic and most promising regions in the world, and its development is closely connected with the development of other continents. The Asian countries have energetically explored development paths suited to their national conditions and greatly boosted global development through their own development. Working side by side with the rest of the world in time of difficulty to tackle the international financial crisis, Asia has emerged as an important engine driving world economic recovery and growth. In recent years, Asia has contributed to over 50 percent of global growth, instilling much needed confidence in the world. What is more, Asia's cooperation with other regions of the world at regional and sub-regional levels has great vitality and promising prospects.
积极地 energetically
共克时艰 work side by side in time of difficulty
给世界带来了信心 instill much needed confidence in the world
当然，我们也清醒地看到，亚洲要谋求更大发展、更好推动本地区和世界其他地区共同发展，依然面临不少困难和挑战，还需要爬一道道的坡、过一道道的坎。
But we should also be keenly aware that Asia still faces many difficulties and challenges in boosting both its own development and joint development with other regions. The road ahead remains a bumpy and twisting one.
清醒地看到 be keenly aware that
还需要爬一道道的坡、过一道道的坎 The road ahead remains a bumpy and twisting one
亚洲发展需要乘势而上、转型升级。对亚洲来说，发展仍然是头等大事，发展仍然是解决面临的突出矛盾和问题的关键，迫切需要转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构，提高经济发展质量和效益，在此基础上不断提高人民生活水平。
Asia needs to transform and upgrade its development model in keeping with the trend of the times. Sustaining development is still of paramount importance to Asia, because only development holds the key to solving major problems and difficulties it faces. It is important that we should shift the growth model, adjust the economic structure, make development more cost effective and make life better for our people.
乘势而上 in keeping with the trend of the times
头等大事 be of paramount importance
是……的关键 holds the key to doing
亚洲稳定需要共同呵护、破解难题。亚洲稳定面临着新的挑战，热点问题此起彼伏，传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁都有所表现，实现本地区长治久安需要地区国家增强互信、携手努力。
We need to make concerted efforts to resolve major difficulties to ensure stability in Asia. Stability in Asia now faces new challenges, as hotspot issues keep emerging, and both traditional and non-traditional security threats exist. The Asian countries need to increase mutual trust and work together to ensure durable peace and stability in our region.
共同呵护 make concerted efforts to
长治久安 durable peace and stability
看完政府报告，就会觉得类似的文章都简单了很多。
汉语中喜用四六句，比如“共克时艰”“乘势而上”“长治久安”，英文只要译出意思即可，不必追求结构的完全匹配。