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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到Kevin或瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。
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下面是笔译训练群的第六十六周（2016.07.25-2016.07.31）训练日志。
WHEN DuPont and Dow Chemical agreed to merge in December, the $130 billion deal seemed to be a prime example of American managers’ ruthless pursuit of shareholder value and dedication to building monopoly positions. The two chemicals firms, with a combined 300-odd years under their belts, had both been beaten up by activist investors in the 20 months or so leading up to the deal.
去年12月，杜邦和陶氏化学（美国两家化工公司）宣布合并，这一价值1300亿美元的项目似乎是证明美国的公司高层们不惜一切代价提高股东价值，费尽心力占据垄断地位的绝佳例子。两家化工巨头的辉煌历史加起来超过了300年之久，但在达成交易之前的20个月内，两家公司始终不敌激进投资者。
merge 合并，结合
a prime example 典型，代表
-odd (紧跟数字后面)大约，略多
个人感觉这一段并不难，也没什么生词，但是一些表达值得记忆。很多时候不一定要靠难词难句才能显示写作水平，用好小词熟词一样能出彩。
针对日本侵犯中国钓鱼岛主权的非法行径，中国政府采取积极有力措施，通过发表外交声明、对日严正交涉和向联合国提交反对照会等举措表示抗议，郑重宣示中国的一贯主张和原则立场，坚决捍卫中国的领土主权和海洋权益，切实维护中国公民的人身和财产安全。
In response to Japan's illegal violation of China's sovereignty over Diaoyu Dao, the Chinese government has taken active and forceful measures such as issuing diplomatic statements, making serious representations with Japan and submitting notes of protest to the United Nations, solemnly stating China's consistent proposition, principle and position, firmly upholding China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and earnestly protecting the safety of life and property of Chinese citizens.
发表外交声明 issue diplomatic statements
交涉 representations
反对照会 notes of protest
一贯主张 consistent proposition
海洋权益 maritime rights and interests (注意区分marine和maritime)
要熟悉常见的外交辞令。外交部例行记者会和联大一般性辩论等都是很好的素材。另外要了解外交辞令的弦外之音，以把握翻译的分寸。
Partly in response, the companies said they would combine and then split into three new firms, focused on agriculture, speciality products (used, for example, in electronics), and materials (used in plastics). Huge cost cuts are planned when the deal closes, supposedly later this year. The unspoken message to investors is that the three new firms, with higher market shares, will also be able to raise prices.
两家公司表示将在合并后重组为三家子公司，分别面向农业、特殊产品（例如在电子设备方面）和材料生产（用于塑料制品），这也是公司在某种程度上对外界的回应。合并项目预计于今年下半年完成，同时，公司也计划大幅削减成本。此举无声地向投资者们传达了一个信息：三家新成立的子公司市场份额更高，因此也有能力提价。
speciality 特产，特制品
这一段同样难度不大，但要保证译文流畅。
提升城镇规划建设水平。制定实施城市群规划，有序推进基础设施和基本公共服务同城化。完善设市标准，实行特大镇扩权增能试点，控制超大城市人口规模，提升地级市、县城和中心镇产业和人口承载能力，方便农民就近城镇化。
We will improve the planning, construction, and management of cities and towns. We need to formulate and implement plans for building city clusters, and work systematically to develop integrated infrastructure and basic public services within clusters. Standards for designating municipalities will be improved, trial programs will be launched to expand the powers of very large towns and increase their overall carrying capacity, and efforts will be made to bring population growth in megacities under control. We will also raise the industry and population carrying capacity of prefectural cities, county towns, and hub towns to make it easier for people from rural areas nearby to gain urban residency.
城市群 city clusters
设市标准 standards for designating municipalities
增能 increase their overall carrying capacity
超大城市 megacity (注意mega-这个词缀)
地级市 prefectural city
中心镇 hub town
不同规模的城市如何表达值得一记。提问环节：“自治区”和“直辖市”应该怎么说？
What has become clearer since then is that Dow-DuPont is also part of a global trend: a wave of consolidation in the agricultural seeds and chemicals industry. In February ChemChina, a state-owned Chinese firm that has been on a buying spree, agreed to pay $43 billion for Syngenta, a big Swiss firm that specialises in selling chemicals to farmers. This week Monsanto, an American seeds firm valued at $42 billion, confirmed that it had received an unsolicited takeover approach from Bayer, a pharmaceuticals and chemicals concern that is one of Germany’s biggest firms by market value. Monsanto has gone from hunter to hunted, having tried and failed to buy Syngenta a year ago. Overall, the deal-making could exceed $200 billion: it is the stuff of investment bankers’ dreams.
此举也愈加表明，陶氏杜邦公司已然融入农资公司兼并的国际大势。一直热衷于大肆收购的中国国有企业中国化工集团公司，于今年二月决定斥资430亿美元收购专卖农用化工产品的瑞士大型化工公司先正达。本周，市值420亿美元的美国种子公司孟山都证实，已收到拜耳公司主动发出的收购邀约，拜耳公司是德国制药和化工行业巨头，也是德国市值最大的公司之一。一年前，孟山都有意收购先正达，但惨遭拒绝，如今，孟山都已经从收购者变成了被收购的对象。总而言之，此项交易金额可能超过2000亿美元，这也是投资银行所梦寐以求的。
on a buying spree 疯狂购买
unsolicited 主动提供的
pharmaceutical 药物，制药
concern 公司，企业
the stuff of dreams 梦寐以求的东西
对于参考译文中“农资企业”从何而来我持怀疑态度。另外个人认为，对于原文未表达的含义，还是不要擅自添加比较好，毕竟“信”是第一位的。
全面推行普遍备案、有限核准的管理制度，大幅下放鼓励类项目核准权，积极探索准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式。
We will introduce, across the board, the management system under which foreign investment projects generally need only to be placed on record, with government review required in only a limited number of cases. We will delegate to lower-level governments the power of review for a large number of projects that are encouraged by the state; and work actively to explore the management model of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list.
全面 across the board
准入前国民待遇 pre-establishment national treatment
负面清单 negative list
单独看这一句话在把握语境上可能会有疑问，其实这是总理谈到外资管理时说的话。什么是“国民待遇”，“负面清单”，这些背景知识还请小伙伴自行百度噢。
Three trends explain the surge in activity. First, a slump in sales: the agricultural-product industry’s top line, growing at 2% in 2014, fell by 10% in 2015. With crop prices low, farmers are spending less. Second, bosses think that selling bundles of products to farmers will be more profitable in the long run. Monsanto talks of having a footprint of millions of acres around the world upon which seeds, bug-killers and nutrients can be used, helped by better mapping and data-crunching. The third trend is specific to Syngenta: China’s government wants to modernise its farms and to own the intellectual property involved, for example seed patents.
以下三个趋势解释了公司合并现象激增的原因。第一，销售额下滑：农产品的总销售额在2014年增长了2%，2015年却下跌了10%。粮食价格走低，农民们的花销也减少了。第二，公司领导层认为，长期来看，向农民提供多种类型的产品将会获得更多利润。孟山都谈到，依靠更加先进的测绘和数据分析技术，将世界范围内数百万英亩的农田纳入系统中，以便进行播种、喷药、施肥。第三点针对先正达：中国政府希望发展现代化农场，并拥有例如种子专利等相关知识产权。
top line 总销售额
bundle 捆，批
crunch 处理信息
intellectual property 知识产权
依然要强调的是长句的断句和语序调整。另外top line的字面义“顶线”放在文中似乎难以理解，在经管方面含义如下: Located at the top of a company’s income statement, the top line is a reference to the gross sales or revenue of the company. 与之相关的有top-line growth和bottom line，感兴趣的话大家可以继续了解。
坚持节约集约用地，稳妥建立城乡统一的建设用地市场，完善和拓展城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点。发展智慧城市，保护和传承历史、地域文化。
We will continue to use land economically and intensively, establish a sound unified market for urban and rural land that may be used for construction purposes, and improve and expand pilot projects to link the amount of urban and rural land granted for these purposes to that of land returned to cultivation.We will develop smart cities and protect historical and local culture, ensuring it is passed on from generation to generation.
节约集约用地 use land economically and intensively
稳妥统一的市场 a sound unified market
智慧城市 smart cities
要了解“城乡建设用地增减挂钩”和“智慧城市”的具体含义，这样译文才更准确。
Merger waves have struck many other industries—think of oil in the 1990s or steel in the early 2000s. Often the grand themes used to justify deals make some sense, but the numbers don’t add up. The present binge already looks alarming. ChemChina will borrow a cool $35 billion to buy Syngenta which, based on its 2015 profits, will make its new Chinese owner a hopeless 3% return on capital. Were Bayer to try to buy Monsanto with cash, the combined firm would have net debt of a queasy four times its gross operating profits, and the purchase would generate a roughly 6% return on capital, using 2015 figures. The lavish cost savings promised by Dow and DuPont have failed to excite, with both firms’ shares trading roughly in line with the stock market since the deal was launched.
合并大潮也已经波及到其它很多领域——上世纪90年代的石油产业和本世纪初的钢铁产业就是例子。通常情况下，为了交易而宣扬这些宏大的主题也是情理之中，但是交易的数额却不免有点离谱了。现今的大肆并购已经令人担忧。中国化工将负担高达350亿美元的贷款用以收购先正达，而基于先正达2015年的盈利，它能回馈给新的中国东家的资本报酬率仅有3%。如果拜耳公司试图用现金收购孟山都的话，那么合并后公司的净负债额将达到其总营业利润的四倍，这个数字着实令人不安；借用2015年的数字，此次收购的资本报酬率预计在6%左右。陶氏杜邦公司此前宣布大幅节省费用的决定也未能起到刺激作用，自合并项目起始后两公司股票交易额都只与股市大体持平。
binge 放纵，无节制，大吃大喝 (与前文的spree意义相同)
a cool million, etc. 足足有(表示金额大的令人惊奇)
queasy 感到不自在的，感到不安的
lavish 大量的，耗资巨大的
hopeless和queasy的修辞很妙，值得借鉴。这种看似搭配不当的形容词，翻译时往往分译出来处理成副词，个人经验，欢迎探讨。
把信访纳入法治轨道，及时就地解决群众合理诉求。深化平安中国建设，健全立体化社会治安防控体系，依法惩治暴恐、黄赌毒、邪教、走私等犯罪行为。
We will ensure that the handling of public complaints filed through letters and visits is brought into line with the rule of law, and see to it that all justified complaints and demands are resolved promptly and locally. We will uphold law and order in China; improve the multidimensional system for crime prevention and control; punish violent terrorism, pornography, gambling, drug abuse and trafficking, cult activity, smuggling, and other illegal activities in accordance with the law.
信访 public complaints filed through letters and visits
纳入法治轨道 brought into line with the rule of law
合理诉求 justified complaints and demands
社会治安防控 crime prevention and control
黄赌毒 pornography, gambling, drug abuse and trafficking
常见表达要熟记，在考试中也能有效节省时间。
Moths that fly by day are not properly to be called moths; they do not excite that pleasant sense of dark autumn nights and ivy-blossom which the commonest yellow-underwing asleep in the shadow of the curtain never fails to rouse in us. They are hybrid creatures, neither gay like butterflies nor sombre like their own species. Nevertheless the present specimen, with his narrow hay-coloured wings, fringed with a tassel of the same colour, seemed to be content with life.
白昼出没的飞蛾，准确地说，不叫飞蛾；它们激发不起关于沉沉秋夜和青藤小花的欣快意念，而藏在帷幕黝暗处沉睡的最普通的“翼底黄”飞蛾却总会唤醒这样的联想。“翼底黄”是杂交的产物，既不像蝴蝶一般色彩鲜艳，也不像飞蛾类那样全身灰暗。尽管如此，眼前这只蛾子，狭狭的双翼显现着枯灰色，翼梢缀有同样颜色的一圈流苏，看上去似乎活得心满意足。
moth 飞蛾
hybrid 杂交物种
fringe 以……装饰边缘
It was a pleasant morning, mid-September, mild, benignant, yet with a keener breath than that of the summer months. The plough was already scoring the field opposite the window, and where the share had been, the earth was pressed flat and gleamed with moisture. Such vigour came rolling in from the fields and the down beyond that it was difficult to keep the eyes strictly turned upon the book.
这是一个令人神清气爽的早晨。时届九月中旬，气温舒适宜人，而吹过来的风已比夏季凉冽。窗户对面，犁耕已经开始。铧片过处，泥土被压得平整，显得湿漉漉又乌油油。从田野以及更远处的丘陵，一股勃勃生机扑面而来，使双眼难以完全专注于书本。
benignant 有益的，温和的
score 划下痕迹
share 铧 (ploughshare)
The rooks too were keeping one of their annual festivities; soaring round the tree tops until it looked as if a vast net with thousands of black knots in it had been cast up into the air; which, after a few moments sank slowly down upon the trees until every twig seemed to have a knot at the end of it. Then, suddenly, the net would be thrown into the air again in a wider circle this time, with the utmost clamour and vociferation, as though to be thrown into the air and settle slowly down upon the tree tops were a tremendously exciting experience.
还有那些白嘴鸦，像是正在欢庆某一次年会，绕着树梢盘旋，远远望去仿佛有一张缀有万千黑点的大网撒开在空中。过了一会，大网慢慢降下，直到林中的每一处枝头落满黑点。随后，大网突然再次撒向天空，这一回，划出的圆弧更大，同时伴以不绝于耳的呱呱鸦噪，似乎一会儿急急腾空而去，一会儿徐徐栖落枝头，乃是极富刺激性的活动。
rook 白嘴鸦
twig 细枝
clamour 喧闹，嘈杂
vociferation 叫嚷，喧闹
The same energy which inspired the rooks, the ploughmen, the horses, and even, it seemed, the lean bare-backed downs, sent the moth fluttering from side to side of his square of the window-pane. One could not help watching him. One was, indeed, conscious of a queer feeling of pity for him. The possibilities of pleasure seemed that morning so enormous and so various that to have only a moth’s part in life, and a day moth’s at that, appeared a hard fate, and his zest in enjoying his meagre opportunities to the full, pathetic.
一种活力激励着白嘴鸦、掌犁农夫、辕马，影响所及甚至连贫瘠的秃丘也透出了生气。正是这种活力撩拨着飞蛾鼓翅，从正方形窗玻璃的一侧移动到另一侧。你无法不去注视它；你甚至对它产生了一种莫名怜悯。这天早晨，生命的乐趣表现得淋漓尽致又丰富多样，相比之下，作为一只飞蛾浮生在世，而且是只有一天生命的飞蛾，真是命运不济。虽则机遇不堪，飞蛾却仍在尽情享受，看到这种热情不禁引人唏嘘。
zest 热情，狂热
meagre 少量的，贫乏的
pathetic 令人同情的，可怜的
He flew vigorously to one corner of his compartment, and, after waiting there a second, flew across to the other. What remained for him but to fly to a third corner and then to a fourth? That was all he could do, in spite of the size of the downs, the width of the sky, the far-off smoke of houses, and the romantic voice, now and then, of a steamer out at sea. What he could do he did. Watching him, it seemed as if a fibre, very thin but pure, of the enormous energy of the world had been thrust into his frail and diminutive body. As often as he crossed the pane, I could fancy that a thread of vital light became visible. He was little or nothing but life.
它劲儿十足地飞到窗格的一角，在那儿停了一秒钟之后，穿越窗面飞到另一角。除了飞到第三然后又是第四角，它还能做什么呢？这就是它能做的一切，虽然户外丘陵广袤，天空无际，远处的房屋炊烟缭绕，海上的轮船不时发出引人遐思的汽笛声。飞蛾能做到的事，它都做了。注视着它的时候，我觉得在它羸弱的小身体里，仿佛塞进了一缕纤细然而冼炼的世间奇伟的活力。每当它飞越窗面，我总觉得有一丝生命之光亮起。飞蛾虽小，甚至微不足道，却也是生灵。
frail 瘦弱的，脆弱的
diminutive 极小的，微小的
a thread of light 一丝光亮
面对文学翻译，落笔之前要把握好原文的情感基调，争取最大程度地传达出原文的韵味，保留原文的风格。文学作品的翻译更加灵活，意义与文化不能兼顾时可以考虑舍弃形式对等，当然奈达的对等理论见仁见智。文学翻译不像非文学翻译理论性强有套路可寻，个人的实践与感悟能胜过千言万语，希望大家通过这篇练习能够有所体会。
中国古语讲，“天下太平，万物安宁；天下大乱，无有安国。”千百年来，追求和平可谓人类最朴素的心愿。历史和现实告诉我们，各国以什么样的态度和方式对待彼此，决定着人类社会的前途命运。当今时代，世界各国的发展共同性、利益共同性、挑战共同性、治理共同性日益凸显，人类社会越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。同时，天下并不太平，人类仍然受到各种安全挑战与威胁的困扰，维护世界和平、促进共同发展任重道远。
As an ancient Chinese saying goes, “Tranquility enables all to live and thrive, while chaos allows no moment of peace for anyone.” For thousands of years, the pursuit of peace has been the primary aspiration of mankind. History and reality tell us that the future and destiny of human society is determined by how countries engage with each other. In the world today, countries share more things in common than ever before, common development, shared interests, common challenges and joint governance. The human society has increasingly become an inter-connected community of shared future. That said, the world is not tranquil and mankind is troubled with various security challenges and threats. It remains a long and arduous task to maintain world peace and promote common development.
天下太平，万物安宁 Tranquility enables all to live and thrive
天下大乱，无有安国 chaos allows no moment of peace for anyone
治理共同性 joint governance
命运共同体 community of shared future
that said 用在这里很合适
任重道远 a long and arduous task
当今时代是一个需要合作共赢的时代。全球化背景下，国与国相互依存空前紧密，利益共生不断深化。各国既面临和平发展大势所趋、科技进步日新月异、区域合作方兴未艾等重要机遇，也面临恐怖主义、气候变化、能源资源安全等全球性挑战。在机遇面前，没有任何一个国家可以独占专享；在挑战面前，也没有任何一个国家可以独善其身。同舟共济、合作共赢、共享机遇、共迎挑战才是唯一正确选择。
Ours is an era that calls for win-win cooperation. Against the backdrop of globalization, countries are inter-dependent like never before with their interests deeply entwined. There are important opportunities such as the prevailing trend of peace and development, rapid advances in science and technology and vibrant regional cooperation. There are also challenges posed by terrorism, climate change, and energy and resource security. No single country can monopolize the benefits of opportunities, nor stay immune to challenges. The only viable choice is to share opportunities and meet challenges together in the spirit of solidarity and through win-win cooperation.
相互依存 inter-dependent
利益共生 interests entwined (可以积累be entwined with这个用法)
在机遇面前，没有任何一个国家可以独占专享 No single country can monopolize the benefits of opportunities
在挑战面前，也没有任何一个国家可以独善其身 nor stay immune to challenges
汉语喜欢四字词和对称结构，而译成英语时要抓住其本质含义。比如“你中有我、我中有你”用inter-connected就可以搞定。再如最后一句四个四字词意义有重叠部分，也就不必逐一译出，总结概括出核心意义即可。个人感觉这篇讲稿质量很高，并且涉及话题广泛，感兴趣的小伙伴可自行搜索全文。