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ScalersTalk笔译专练小组第26周训练日志
笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（QQ：9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到Kevin或瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第二十六周（2015.10.19—10.25）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Marlene Castro knew the tall blonde woman only as Laurene, her mentor. They met every few weeks in a rough Silicon Valley neighborhood the year that Ms. Castro was applying to college, and they e-mailed often, bonding over conversations about Ms. Castro’s difficult childhood. Without Laurene's help, Ms. Castro said, she might not have become the first person in her family to graduate from college.
马勒尼•卡斯特罗当初只知道那位高挑身材，金发碧眼的女士名叫劳伦，是她的导师。卡斯特罗女士准备申请大学那年，每隔几个星期，她们就会在硅谷附近的一个简陋的社区里见面，也会经常互通邮件，常聊起卡斯特罗女士艰苦童年的话题。要是没有劳伦斯的帮助，卡斯特罗女士也不会成为家族里的第一位大学生。
blonde 头发金黄的；
mentor 导师，顾问；
a rough neighborhood 简陋的社区；
bond: to develop a special relationship with someone
〔与某人〕培养一种特殊的关系；
blonde参考译文处理成了“金发碧眼”，我认为有些过度翻译了，牛津词典对blonde解释是(of a person ) having blonde hair，可见并没有“碧眼”这层含义。直接翻译为“头发金黄”即可。
上海合作组织成立12年来，成员国结成紧密的命运共同体和利益共同体。面对复杂的国际和地区形势，维护地区安全稳定和促进成员国共同发展，过去、现在乃至将来相当长时期内都是上海合作组织的首要任务和目标。
The past 12 years since the founding of the SCO has marked a close community of common destinies and shared interests. In the face of complex regional and international situation, maintaining regional security and stability and promoting common development of member states was, is and will still be SCO's top priority and objective for quite a long time to come.
上海合作组织 SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization)；
紧密的命运共同体 a close community of common destinies；
面对 in the face of；
过去，现在，将来 was, is, will；
首要任务和目标 top priority and objective；
第二句的主句部分有这样的一个时间表达式“过去，现在乃至将来相当长的时期内”，如果我们将其译成相关的时间状语短语，如，in the past, at present and in the future，译文会显得相当笨拙。在此，我们应充分利用汉英语中的不同特点来应对此句，汉语中的谓语动词是没有时态变化的，而英语中谓语动词的时态变化非常丰富。因此，我们可以把汉语中的时间状语转换成英语中的动词谓语来体现：In the face of complex regional and international situation, maintaining regional security and stability and promoting common development of member states was, is and will still be SCO's top priority and objective for quite a long time to come.这样处理的方法是精简了句子成分，又充分体现了英语动词时态的特色。
"It's incomparable in the hemisphere," said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country's vice president and foreign secretary. "It's in our heart, part of our soul."
Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read "Yes for our children," while tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs.
巴拿马副总统兼外长萨穆埃尔•莱维斯•纳瓦罗说，“在这个半球，巴拿马运河是无与伦比的，它已扎根人民心中、融入巴拿马民族之魂。”
舆论调查显示，运河扩建计划将以压倒性优势获得通过。在巴拿马到处都张贴有写 着“为子孙后代投下赞成票（运河扩建，利在千秋）”的绿色和白色的标语，数以万计的广告牌和车尾贴上也都大肆宣扬运河扩建对增加就业的影响。
incomparable 无与伦比的；
foreign secretary 外长；
hemisphere 半球（尤指南、北半球）；
public opinion polls 舆论调查；
overwhelmingly 以压倒之势地，不可抵抗地；
billboard 广告牌；
bumper sticker 车尾贴；
好羡慕参考译文作者的语文功底。每次的参考译文都能很准确的用大量简洁的成语和四字词组。
众所周知，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿不能走。但对尹小星而言，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿却能走！
1970 年出生于江苏一户农民家庭的尹小星，出生仅 8 个月就患小儿麻痹症并发急性肺炎。虽然最终保住了命，他却再也不能站立。因为身体残疾，初中毕业后小星不得不辍学。生存的压力对他来说显得格外沉重，他贩过水果，养过鸡，还下功夫学习过中医。
As everyone knows, birds cannot fly without wings and a person cannot walk without legs. But for Yin Xiaoxing, while birds cannot fly without wings, a person can walk even without legs!
Born in 1970 into a farmer's family in Jiangsu Province, Yin Xiaoxing suffered from polio and acute pneumonia at the age of only eight months. He survived but lost the ability to stand on his feet. Because of his disability, Xiaoxing had to give up his study after junior middle school. The burden of life seemed to be especially heavy for him. He tried to make a living by selling fruits, raising chickens and taking pains to learn traditional Chinese medicine.
患小儿麻痹症并发急性肺炎 suffer from polio and acute pneumonia;
保住了性命 survive；
残疾 disability/physical disability；
初中 junior middle/high school；
沉重的生存压力 heavy burn of life；
养鸡 raise chickens；
下功夫做某事 take pains to do sth；
中医 traditional Chinese medicine；
总体难度不大，但注意：Jiangsu Province省份要大写。
The runaway success of Stieg Larsson's “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.
史迪格•拉森（Stieg Larsson）的《千禧年》三部曲大获成功，至少表明在现代文学翻译作品中美国读者比较偏爱北欧的侦探小说，但是，其他地区、其他类别的小说要想赢得美国大型出版社和读者的青睐难度仍然不小。
runaway: happening very easily or quickly, and not able to be controlled 轻易的；迅速的；难以控制的: the runaway success of her first play她的第一出戏的大获成功；
trilogy (书籍、电影等的)三部曲；三部剧；
contemporary literature 当代文学；
Scandinavian detective fiction 北欧侦探小说；
genre/ˈʒɑːnrə / (文学、艺术、电影或音乐的)体裁,类型；
publishing house 出版社；
an uphill struggle / battle / task 艰难的斗争/战斗/任务；
《千禧三部曲》是一部由瑞典小说家史迪格‧拉森（StiegLarsson）撰写的畅销小说，第一部《龙纹身的女孩》，第二部《玩火的女孩》，第三部《捅马蜂窝的女孩》。
Scandinavian detective fiction 这个词组如果不进行相关背景知识的查询很难翻译准确。
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peacekeeping, peacemaking and peace-building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
前提 prerequisite；
基础 foundation；
生灵涂炭 cause mankind untold sufferings；
严重挫折 severe setbacks；
快速增长 grow at a fast pace；
战后 in the post-war era；
恪守 abide by；
宗旨和原则 purposes and principles；
联合国宪章 the UN Charter；
充分发挥……的核心作用 bring into full play the central role of ；
安理会 Security Council；
维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平 peacekeeping, peacemaking and peace-building；
以和平的方式解决……seek peaceful settlement of；
国际争端 international dispute；
对话和协商 dialogue and consultation；
“维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平”是动名词词组，参考译文巧妙地将汉语的动名词词组处理成了英文名词，让行文看起来更简洁。
Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 1998,according the Pacific Asia Travel Association. Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed 19 people in explosions at three restaurants.
澳大利亚游客在当年巴厘岛爆炸事件中伤亡最为惨重。但是，太平洋亚洲旅游协会 的统计数据显示，在爆炸发生后的两年时间里前往巴厘岛度假的澳大利亚游客数量达到了1998年以来的最高水平。今年巴厘岛再遭自杀性爆炸袭击，三个餐馆发生连环爆炸，共造成19人丧生。
suffer the worst casualties 伤亡最为惨重
bounce back 回弹
suicide bombers 自杀式炸弹，人体炸弹
基本没有生词，表达方式之前的段落中也都见过，值得注意的是第一个句子过长，参考译文拆成了两句处理，读起来比较顺畅。
又比如，在农村富余劳动力的转移上，我们将逐步走出一条中国特色的城市化道路。目前，中国农村劳动力有5亿多人，今后20年大约有两亿多人要转移出来，在这个问题上，中国人不能做“欧洲梦”。欧洲在近代历史上，总共有6000多万人走到世界各地，到处建立殖民地，改变了世界版图。
Similarly, over the matter of migration of superfluous rural labor force to the city, China is sure to gradually find out the way towards urbanization stamped with Chinese characteristics.At present, China has a labor force of more than 500 million in the countryside, about 200 million of whom are expected to be migrated to the urban areas in the dream the“European dream”. In modern history, Europe has seen altogether over 60 million people depart for every corner of the world to establish colonies overseas, thereby changing the map of the world.
农村富余劳动力转移 transfer of surplus rural labor
城市化道路 an urbanization path
建立殖民地 build colonies
世界版图 the world map
“中国人不能做欧洲梦”一句有点不好处理，其实就是说中国不能重复欧洲的做法，要根据实际情况走自己的特色道路。
Observers say that the available money is being mis-spent, with the focus on humans rather than on animals. The agriculture ministry, for example, is asking for less money for next year than it got this year. This is despite hundreds of thousands of hens dying every month, to say nothing of infected cats, quails, pigs and ducks. Farmers are being compensate at only 2,000 rupiah (21 cents) per bird, well below market price, thereby discouraging them from reporting outbreaks. The country's veterinary surveillance services are inadequate. Pledges to vaccinate hundreds of millions of birds have not been met.
观察家认为，现有资金也没有用到刀刃上，重点放在了人类而非动物感染防控上。例如，农业部明年的预算申请要低于今年，但现实情况是，每月印尼都有数十万只鸡死亡，这还不算猫、鹌鹑、猪和鸭等其他禽畜的感染。现在，对扑杀的禽类补助标准仅为每只2,000卢比（折合21美分），远低于市场价，农民不愿积极配合，疫情瞒报在所难免。印尼兽医监控服务也并不完善，本来承诺要对数亿只家禽进行防疫，到现在也仍未兑现。
the available money 现有资金
to say nothing of 更不必说
compensate 补偿，赔偿
surveillance 监督，监视
没什么生词，This is despite…一句有点不好处理，其他就是注意要说的像中国话，不要字对字直译。
当前，全球发展环境依然十分严峻。国际金融危机影响尚未消退，气候变化、粮食危机、能源资源安全、流行性疾病等全球性问题给发展中国家带来新的挑战，新形势下，中国对外援助事业任重道远。中国政府将着力优化对外援助结构，提高对外援助质量，进一步增强受援国自主发展能力，提高援助的针对性和实效性。
Currently, the environment for global development is not favor-able. With the repercussions of the international financial crisis continuing to linger, global concerns such as climate change, food crisis, energy and resource security, and epidemic of diseases have brought new challenges to developing countries. Against this background, China has a long way to go in providing foreign aid. The Chinese government will make efforts to optimize the country’s foreign aid structure, improve the quality of foreign aid, further increase recipient countries‟ capacity in independent development, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of foreign aid.
全球发展环境 the environment for global development
严峻grim/ grave/ daunting/ challenging/ formidable/ not favorable
国际金融危机影响尚未消退With the repercussions of the international financial crisis continuing to linger/ The international financial crisis is still with us/we are still reeling from the impact of the international financial crisis
粮食危机 food crisis
任重而道远 have a long way to go
受援国recipient countries
“影响尚未消退”这个翻译的时候有点费力，要善于变通。
能源资源安全等全球性问题，“能源资源安全”韩刚译文处理为insecurity，我觉得很值得借鉴，体现出中英文的表达思路不同，因为既然是问题，肯定是insecurity。
最后四个短语并列，参考译文在中间加了个to，逻辑关系要更清晰一些，这也是汉译英中很重要的一点，理清隐含逻辑关系。
In the European Union, carrots must be firm but not woody, cucumbers must not be too curved and celery has to be free of any type of cavity. This was the law, one that banned overly curved, extra-knobbly or oddly shaped produce from supermarket shelves.
胡萝卜必须硬挺水灵，黄瓜不能太弯，芹菜不能有任何孔洞，这是欧盟之前一度实行的硬性规定。按照该规定，如果蔬果弯度过大、疙疙瘩瘩或者奇形怪状，将禁止在超市上架销售。
be firm but not woody 硬挺水灵；
curved 弯曲的；
cucumber 黄瓜；
celery 芹菜；
cavity 腔，洞；
extra-knobbly 疙疙瘩瘩的；
But in a victory for opponents of European regulation, 100 pages of legislation determining the size, shape and texture of fruit and vegetables have been torn up. On Wednesday, EU officials agreed to axe rules laying down standards for 26 products, from peas to plums.
不过，有关蔬果尺寸、形状和口感的长达100页的法律规定将予以废除，对于一向反对该项法律的人士来说这是一大胜利。周三，欧盟官员通过决议，将取消对豌豆、李子等 26 种蔬果设定的强制标准。
texture of fruit 水果的口感；
axe rules 取消法规；
pea 豌豆；
plum 李子；
In doing so, the authorities hope they have killed off regulations routinely used by critics-most notably in the British media-to ridicule the meddling tendencies of the EU.
此前，批评人士特别是英国媒体经常拿这些规定开涮，指责欧盟有过度干预之嫌。 通过修改这部法律，欧盟希望不再授人口实。
ridicule 嘲笑；奚落；讥笑；
meddle in / with sth 管闲事，干预；
After years of news stories about the permitted angle or curvature of fruit and vegetables,the decision Wednesday also coincided with the rising price of commodities. With the cost of the weekly supermarket visit on the rise, it has become increasingly hard to defend the act of throwing away food just because it looks strange.
多年来，有关蔬果弯度标准的报道经常见诸媒体报端。在欧盟周三通过上述决议之际，商品价格也在节节攀升。民众用于超市购物的生活成本不断增加，此时再仅以外形 不达标为由禁止相关蔬果上架销售就更加站不住脚了。
coincide with sth 同时发生；
Beginning in July next year, when the changes go into force, standards on the 26 products will disappear altogether. Shoppers will the be able to chose their produce whatever its appearance.
修订后的法律于明年七月开始正式生效，届时有关 26 种产品的强制标准将被彻底废除，同类产品不论外观如何将同时上架，供消费者随意挑选。
Under a compromise reached with national governments, many of which opposed the changes, standards will remain for 10 types of fruit and vegetables, including apples, citrus fruit, peaches, pears, strawberries and tomatoes.
欧盟许多成员国反对修改这部法律。按照欧盟委员会与各成员国政府达成的折衷方案，对包括苹果、柑橘类水果、桃、梨、草莓和西红柿在内的10种蔬果的强制标准将予以保留。
citrus fruit 柑橘类水果；
But those in this category that do not meet European norms will still be allowed onto the market, providing they are marked as being substandard or intended for cooking or processing.
不过，这10类蔬果中即使相关产品不达标也可上市销售，但必须注明是不达标产品或者烹调、加工专用产品。
meet norms 达标；
substandard 不达标；
intended for cooking or processin烹调、加工专用；
"This marks a new dawn for the curvy cucumber and the knobbly carrot," said Mariann Fischer Boel, European commissioner for agriculture, who argued that regulations were better left to market operators.
欧盟委员会农业问题专员玛丽安•菲舍尔•伯尔认为,最好由市场运营商自行做出相关规定。她说，“法律修订对于弯黄瓜和有节胡萝卜而言是新黎明的到来/法律修订后意味着弯黄瓜和有节胡萝卜今后也可以上市销售了。”
market operator 市场运营商；
"In these days of high food prices and general economic difficulties," Fischer Boel added, "consumers should be able to choose from the widest range of products possible. It makes no sense to throw perfectly good products away, just because they are the 'wrong' shape."
“当前食品价格居高不下，经济大环境也不景气，”菲舍尔•伯尔补充说，“应该给消费者提供尽可能多的选择。有些产品本身品质没什么问题，如果仅仅因为外形不达标就白白扔掉的话，实在说不过去。”
general economic difficulties 经济大环境不景气；
That sentiment was not shared by 16 of the EU's 27 nations - including Greece, France, the Czech Republic, Spain, Italy and Poland - which tried to block the changes at a meeting of the Agricultural Management Committee.
欧盟27个成员国中有16个对这种说法持有异议。希腊、法国、捷克、西班牙、意大利和波兰等国家曾在农业管理委员会的一次会议上试图阻止欧盟修改这项法律。
sentiment 意见，观点，感想: Similar sentiments were expressed by many politicians. 许多政治家都表示了相同的观点。
Czech Republic 捷克共和国；
参考译文中词汇处理的亮点简直是太多了。比如firm but not woody，woody 意为“像木头味的”，其实口语中就是“柴”，可是译为“硬挺又不能柴”，作为书面语显然不合适，参考译文则从另一个角度来表达“不柴”：“水灵”。
中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争，是正义和邪恶、光明和黑暗、进步和反动的大决战。在那场惨烈的战争中，中国人民抗日战争开始时间最早、持续时间最长。面对侵略者，中华儿女不屈不挠、浴血奋战，彻底打败了日本军国主义侵略者，捍卫了中华民族5000多年发展的文明成果，捍卫了人类和平事业，铸就了战争史上的奇观、中华民族的壮举。
The Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War were a decisive battle between justice and evil, between light and darkness, and between progress and reaction. In that devastating war, the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression started the earliest and lasted the longest. In defiance of aggression, the unyielding Chinese people fought gallantly and finally won total victory against the Japanese militarist aggressors, thus preserving China's 5,000-year-old civilization and upholding the cause of peace of mankind. This remarkable feat made by the Chinese nation was rare in the history of war.
中国人民抗日战争 the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression；
世界反法西斯战争 the World Anti-Fascist War；
大决战 a decisive battle；
反动 reaction；
惨烈的战争 devastating war；
反对，拒绝 in defiance of；
不屈不挠的 unyielding；
浴血奋战 fight gallantly；
日本军国主义侵略者 the Japanese militarist aggressors；
捍卫 preserve/uphold；
人类和平事业 the cause of peace of mankind；
壮举 remarkable feat；
战争史上的奇观 be rare in the history of war；
中国人民抗日战争胜利，是近代以来中国抗击外敌入侵的第一次完全胜利。这一伟大胜利，彻底粉碎了日本军国主义殖民奴役中国的图谋，洗刷了近代以来中国抗击外来侵略屡战屡败的民族耻辱。这一伟大胜利，重新确立了中国在世界上的大国地位，使中国人民赢得了世界爱好和平人民的尊敬。这一伟大胜利，开辟了中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景，开启了古老中国凤凰涅槃、浴火重生的新征程。
The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is the first complete victory won by China in its resistance against foreign aggression in modern times. This great triumph crushed the plot of the Japanese militarists to colonize and enslave China and put an end to China's national humiliation of suffering successive defeats at the hands of foreign aggressors in modern times. This great triumph re-established China as a major country in the world and won the Chinese people respect of all peace-loving people around the world. This great triumph opened up bright prospects for the great renewal of the Chinese nation and set our ancient country on a new journey after gaining rebirth.
抗击外敌入侵 resistance against foreign aggression；
近代 modern times；
伟大的胜利 great triumph；
彻底粉碎……的图谋 crush the plot of；
殖民奴役 colonize and enslave；
洗刷民族耻辱 put an end to China's national humiliation；
屡战屡败 successive defeats；
重新确立地位 re-establish；
爱好和平人民 peace-loving people；
开辟光明的前景 open up bright prospect；
中华民族的伟大复兴 the great renewal of the Chinese nation；
开启某人的新征程 set sb. on a new journey；
浴火重生 gain rebirth；
在那场战争中，中国人民以巨大民族牺牲支撑起了世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场，为世界反法西斯战争胜利作出了重大贡献。中国人民抗日战争也得到了国际社会广泛支持，中国人民将永远铭记各国人民为中国抗战胜利作出的贡献！
During the war, with huge national sacrifice, the Chinese people held ground in the main theater in the East of the World Anti-Fascist War, thus making major contribution to its victory. In their war against Japanese aggression, the Chinese people received extensive support from the international community. The Chinese people will always remember what the people of other countries did for the victory of their War of Resistance.
巨大民族牺 huge national sacrifice；
支撑起 hold ground in；
东方主战场 main theater in the East;
得到广泛支持 receive extensive support；
永远铭记 always remember；
习大大抗战胜利70周年讲话是几年的热点话题之一；
“不屈不挠、浴血奋战”别要看到这种词就蒙，其实汉语有时候形容一些事很夸张，这句话简单来说就是“中国人民不认输，勇敢地战斗”，这下是不是简单多了。