Week8
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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin或是慧慧，通过审核便可。
下面是笔译训练群的第八周（2015.06.14—06.20）训练日志，共包括六个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
The creation of transgenic animals is one of the most dramatic advances derived from recombinant DNA technology. A transgenic animal results from insertion of a foreign gene into an embryo.
转基因动物的问世是重组NDA技术最激动人心的进展之一。把异体基因植入胚胎后即培育出基因动物。
dramatic advance 激动人心的进展；
recombinant DNA technology 重组NDA技术；
insertion 植入；
a foreign gene 异体基因；
embryo 胚胎；
很多我们很熟悉的词汇到了某个专业领域，可能就与我们之前理解的意思大相径庭了。比如这个insertion, foreign；
过去20年里，如果没有农业技术的现代化，中国不可能解决现在13亿人口的吃饭问题。尤其是推广了高产水稻，扩大了种植面积，大大增加了（氮）化肥和杀虫剂的用量，使得农作物产量大幅度提高。
Without the modernization of agricultural technology of the past two decades, China would not be able to feed its current population of 1.3 billion. In particular, the introduction of high-yield rice in combination with expanded irrigation and a massive increase in the use of (nitrogen) fertilizers and pesticides has significantly improved crop yields.
现代化 modernization；
农业技术 agricultural technology；
喂养，养活 feed；
推广 introduction；
高产水稻 high-yield rice；
扩大的种植面积 expanded irrigation；
大大增加 a massive increase；
（氮）化肥 (nitrogen) fertilizers；
杀虫剂 pesticide；
大幅度增加 significantly improve...；
农作物 crop yields；
参考译文使用大量词组而少有动词，再次提醒我们，英文喜静不喜动。
The magnetic levitation system is based on the power of attraction between the electromagnets in the vehicle and the ferromagnetic stator packs in the guideway. In contrast to the conventional trains, the propulsion system for the Transrapid is not mounted in the vehicle but in the guideway.
磁悬浮系统依靠列车上的电磁铁和导轨中的铁磁定子之间的吸引力工作。 跟传统列车不同，磁悬浮列车的驱动系统不安装在车辆上，而是在导向轨中。
magnetic levitation system 磁悬浮系统；
the power of attraction 吸引力；
electromagnet 电磁铁；
ferromagnetic stator pack 铁磁定子；
propulsion system 驱动系统；
mount 把…固定（或安装）到位；
guideway 导向轨；
一句话可以学到好多专业词汇，mount 我们通常记得都是“增加，上升”之意，而在这里用的是 “把…固定（或安装）到位”，这里要注意一下。
较大功率的柴油机的气缸往往按V形排列，气缸在中线的左侧或右侧，以一定角度交错安排，气缸以V形排列的柴油机比全部气缸单列的柴油机更能缩短其总长度。
In the V-type cylinder arrangement, often adopted in the larger diesel engines, setting the cylinders alternately at an angle right or left of the centre-line, in a "V" formation, makes possible a reduction in total length as compared with an engine that has all the cylinder in line.
按V形排列的气缸 the V-type cylinder arrangement;
交错地 alternately；
中线 the centre-line；
周一的每日一句改名叫每日一痛吧……
It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, with regular shipments by 1610. England was a latecomer to tea trade, as the East India Company did not capitalize on tea's popularity until the mid-18th century.
最先把茶运进欧洲的是葡萄牙和荷兰的商人，到1610年已经有船定期运茶了。在茶叶贸易方面，英国是后来者，因为直到18世纪中叶，东印度公司才开始抓住茶叶受欢迎的商机。
latecomer 后来者；
East India Company 东印度公司；
capitalize on tea's popularity 抓住茶叶受欢迎的商机；（capitalize on sth尽量榨取，充分利用：Ecuador has capitalized on its natural beauty to attract tourism.厄瓜多尔充分利用了其自然美景来吸引游客。）
看见"with" 习惯性的想要译成“随着……”，这是病，得治！还有“capitalize on tea's popularity” 这里也算是一个难点；
东印度公司（East India Company）：成立于1600年，成立时规模很小，目的是对抗荷兰和葡萄牙在香料贸易上称霸海上的局面。17世纪早期，合股式海上航行发展起来，英国政府也给该公司土地兴办工厂，因而它发展迅速。它是17、18世纪英国海上扩张的主要力量之一。1858年东印度公司解散。
子女与父亲说话，或兄弟姐妹间说话，都使用父亲支系的语言，若子女与母亲说话，应改用母亲支系的语言。
When the talk is between father and children, or among the children themselves, the father's language is used. If it is between children and mother, the language is shifted to the mother's.
无
难度不大，都是简单句式，词汇更是小学水平。
His formulation of China's "one-hundred-year Olympic dream” will become reality with the celebration of the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in Beijing. Tianjin will be also part of this unique experience as the Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium will host preliminary football matches, thus witnessing the Olympic values and ideals in action---first-hand excellence, friendship and respect.
张伯苓提出的“中国奥运百年圆梦” 的理想，将会随着第29届奥林匹克运动会在北京开幕而实现。天津也将成为这一盛事的一部分，因为天津奥林匹克体育中心体育场将承办本届奥运会的足球预赛，将亲眼见证奥林匹克运动的价值及理想——追求卓越、友谊与尊重。
formulation规划，制定：the formulation of foreign policy.；
unique experience 盛事；
host preliminary football matches 承办足球比赛预赛；*
“天津也将成为这一盛事的一部分，因为天津奥林匹克体育中心体育场将承办本届奥运会的足球预赛，将亲眼见证奥林匹克运动的价值及理想” 我认为将这句话语序调整一下可能更好：“天津奥林匹克体育中心体育场将承办本届奥运会的足球预赛，因此天津将成为这一盛事的一部分，将亲眼见证奥林匹克运动的价值及理想”。
奥林匹克理念丰富了体育的内涵，赋予体育运动为人类的和谐发展服务、为世界和平做出贡献的使命。
Thus, Olympism has greatly enriched the meaning of sports and entrusted it with the mission of maintaining world peace, enhancing harmony and development among human race.
丰富enrich：Add fertilizer to enrich the soil.；
赋予entrust；
维护世界和平 maintain world peace；
为人类和谐发展服务enhance harmony and development among human race；
"serve for" 并不是“为……服务” 的意思，我在这里就犯了这个错误。"serve" 本身就有“促进，有利于”的意思，希望大家在这里注意，不要犯类似的错误。
According to that legend，he walked in a straight line for 400 strides and called this distance a “stadium” that later also became a distance calculation unit. This is also why a modern stadium is 400 meters in circumference length (1 stadium = 400 meters).
根据传说，赫拉克勒斯大步直行400步，然后把这一行走的距离称作“斯塔德”，后来它便成了距离的计算单位，这也是为什么现代体育场周长为400米（1斯塔德=400米）。
stride 大步，阔步：Paco reached the door in only three strides.；
distance calculation unit 距离的计算单位；
circumference length 周长；
原来体育场一圈400米是这么来的。
1928年2月15日，23岁的斯诺在没有告知家人的情况下，毅然登上开往远东的“雷德诺号”，开始了他的“周游世界”的梦想。驱使他不告而别的动机在他离开美国两天后写给父母的一封信中找到了答案。
On February 15, 1928, Snow, at the age of 23 then, resolutely boarded Thunder, a ship bound for the Far East, without informing his family, setting out to realize his dream of touring the world. The motivation of his French leave could be found in his letter to his parents two days after he left America.
毅然地 resolutely；
登船 board；
开往…… bound for ：a plane bound for Somalia；
远东 the Far East；
告知 inform；
不告而别，擅自缺席 French leave ；
注意" a ship bound for the Far East" 这句话是"Thunder" 的同位语，起解释说明的作用；
原句“动机找到答案”？虽然我理解这是啥意思，但感觉这里有语法错误啊。
After all, the book has sold some thirty million copies, and the movie has been seen by hundreds of millions. Along with Coca-Cola, Gone with the Wind has been Atlanta's most successful export product and is potentially one of its biggest tourist attractions. (Gung-ho tourists have been known to visit Oakland Cemetery in search of the grave of Scarlett O'Hara.)
不管怎么讲，《飘》卖出了3000万册，而同名电影更是拥有数以亿计的观众。《飘》与可口可乐一样，是亚特兰大最为骄傲的出口产品，也是有待开发的吸引游客的亮点。（据说激情旅游者有去奥克兰公墓寻找赫斯佳墓地的）
after all 不管怎么讲；
potentially潜在地，可能地；
tourist attractions 吸引游客的亮点；
gung-ho非常急切的，莽撞的，冒险的：The sporting opportunities here should suit the most gung-ho of tourists.；
cemetery (通常不属于某个教堂的)公墓，墓地；
不知道大家在翻译的过程中有没有和我一样的感觉，就是自己的译文读起来很硬。比如这个开头的after all 我翻译成了“毕竟”，对吗？意思肯定是对的，但是放在这句话，读起来会给人第一印象就是“这是一篇英语翻译过来的文章”。而参考译文处理成了“不管怎么讲”读起来就很自然，翻译的痕迹就不那么明显；
开头的“some” 我认为参考译文没有译出来是不对的，因为作者的本意是说《飘》这本书很畅销，所以some在这里我觉得应该是取“很多”之意，我认为这里应该处理成“销量高达三千万册”。；
gung-ho tourists 作者想要强调的是好多人都去寻找赫斯佳的目的，我处理成了“游客们络绎不绝地来到奥克兰公墓”。而参考译文是“激情旅游者”，谁能告诉我“激情旅游者”是什么鬼？
一个国家要改变沿袭了多年的法定节假日规定，绝非一件小事。这说明我们的政府在国家转型期，尤其是从农耕文明向工业文明转型期，对传统文化和传统精神的高度重视和弘扬。
It is no trivial thing to change the regulations on statutory festivals that have been in place for a very long time. It shows the government’s high respect for and strong determination to disseminate traditional culture and customs in this transitional period from farming civilization to industrial civilization.
做……绝非一件小事 it is no trivial thing to；
高度重视 high respect for sth；
弘扬 disseminate；
传统精神 traditional customs；
转型期 transitional period；
农耕文明 farming civilization；
工业文明 industrial civilization；
“在国家转型期，尤其是从农耕文明向工业文明转型期” 在这里我卡了半天，译文处理的也很乱。没想到参考译文“尤其是” 直接省略了。
By his own admission, Franklin proverbs were not original but drawn from “the wisdom of many ages and nations”. In his pursuit of this wisdom, he taught himself to read French, Spanish, Italian, German, and Latin. Some of the devices Franklin used to give the saying a sharpness and impact were (a) the change of one or more words to a more graphic word or phrase, (b) the use of a shorter, more concise construction, and (c) the use of alliteration. The following are examples:
富兰克林自己承认，他的格言并不是独创的，而是从“许多时代和民族的智慧”中提炼出来的。在寻求这种智慧的过程中，他自学了法语、西班牙语、意大利语、德语和拉丁语。富兰克林想了一些办法使格言富有锐气和力量，具体方法是：1.用一个更加生动的词或短语替换原来的一个或是几个词；2.使用更加简短、更精炼的结构；3.用头韵。如：
original 独创的，新颖的，独特的：I don't think George is capable of having original ideas!；
draw sth from sth 得到，获取：Plants draw nourishment from the soil.植物从土壤里获取营养。；
in pursuit of 寻求；
sharpness （语言） 富有锐气；impact（语言）富有力量；
graphic 详细生动的：He gave a graphic description of the torture.；
concise construction 精炼的（句子）结构；
alliteration 头韵；
(a)Original: Many strokes fell great oaks. Franklin: Little strokes fell great oaks. (b)Original: The greatest talkers are the least doers. Franklin: Great talkers, little doers. (c)Original: Waste not, want not. Franklin: Sloth and silence are a fool's virtues.
1.原文：不停击打，大树可伐。 富兰克林；慢慢敲打，大树可伐。 2.原文：说的最多的是做的最少的。 富兰克林：语言巨人，行动矮子。 3.原文：勤俭节约，吃穿不缺。 富兰克林：懒惰与沉默，蠢人之美德。
stroke（n）一击，一抽：He cried out at each stroke of the whip.；
oak 橡树；
doer 实干家；
sloth 懒惰；
These practical words of advice to the people, improved by Franklin’s talent for simple, humorous writing, had universal appeal. Many of them, in one form or another, are still quoted today. Poor Richard’s Almanac achieved worldwide fame and was published in many languages.
这些劝诫世人务实的话，经过富兰克林天才的改进，变得更加简洁和富于幽默感，受到普遍的欢迎。许多格言至今仍然以这样或那样的形式被人们引用。《穷人理查德历书》获得了全世界的赞誉，出版了多种语言的版本。
These practical words of advice to the people 这些劝诫世人务实的话；
universal appeal 受到普遍欢迎；
in one form or another 这样或那样的形式；
As to his proverbs on industry and thrift, Franklin practiced all he preached; and by 1748, at the age of 42, he was able to retire from business to devote his life to public service and the study of science. Little did he know that he was entering the most important period of his life.
富兰克林所提倡的关于勤奋和节俭的格言，自己都身体力行；1748 年，42岁的富兰克林从商界退休，全身心投入公众事业和科学研究。连他自己也不曾料到，他从此进入了他人生最重要的阶段。
proverb 格言；
preach (v)宣传（信念，行动）：My parents have always preached toleration and moderation.；
public service 公共服务，公用事业；
好多词汇不太难但是很不好处理，比如第一段的the wisdom of many ages and nations, a sharpness and impact, construction等等，这就考验我们汉语水平了；
文中格言警句的翻译真是把我难住了，有一点大家需要注意，这些警句的翻译要和上文提到的方法相对应；
Little did he know that he was entering the most important period of his life. 这句话是倒装句，起强调作用，我们在翻译时要尽量把强调语气翻译出来。比较一下这两个版本：①连他自己也不曾料到……；②他几乎不知道……/他并不知道……
中国建立了以政府投资为主，社会办学力量投资为辅的教育体制。当前，地方政府主要是推广九年义务教育，中央政府和省级政府以兴办高等教育为主。在职业教育和成人教育方面，包括工商企业和事业单位在内的社会办学力量正在起着越来越重要的作用。
China has set up an education system with government as the major investor and social partners as co-investors. In current stage, local government is playing a key role in compulsory education, while central and provincial governments are dominant in higher education. In occupational and adult education, social partners including industrial organizations, businesses and public institutions are playing a more and more role.
社会办学力量 social partners；
当前 in current stage/at present/today；
在某方面发挥重要作用 play a key role in sth；be dominant in；
省政府 provincial government；
职业教育 occupational education；
工商企业和事业单位 industrial organizations, business and public institutions（工商企业也可以用industrial and business enterprises）；
教育部是中国最高的教育行政机构，负责实施中央政府有关的法律、条例和方针政策，规划教育事业的发展，协调全国办学力量和办学计划，推进和指导在全国范围内开展教育改革。
The Ministry of Education of PRC is the supreme education administration body in China, which is responsible for carrying out related laws, regulations, guidelines and policies of the central government; planning development of education sector; integrating and coordinating educational initiatives and programs nationwide; facilitating and guiding education reform countrywide.
教育部 The Ministry of Education；
最高的教育行政机构 the supreme education administration body；
实施法律、条例和方针政策 carry out laws, regulations, guidelines and policies；
协调 integrate and coordinate；
办学力量和办学计划 educational initiatives and programs；
推进 facilitate;
看了参考译文，发现自己好几处都没理解透，导致译文错误或是翻译的不到位；
第一段“起着越来越重要的作用” 参考译文是"playing a more and more role", 建议处理为"playing an increasingly important role".