Week10
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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下的专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括每天的每日一句和周六晚上的限时周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳 完成后在A群，B群或C群私信给Kevin或是慧慧，通过审核便可。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第十周（2015.06.28—07.04）训练日志，共包括六个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
Thus, a transgenic animal, once created, can persist into future generations. Transgenic animals are different from animals in which foreign cells or foreign organs have been engrafted. The progeny of engrafted animals do not inherit the experimental change. The progeny of transgenic animals do.
因此，转基因动物一经培育成功，就能世代相传。转基因动物与植入异体细胞或异体器官的动物不一样。植入异体细胞或异体器官的动物发生的实验性变异不会遗传给下一代，而转基因动物的后代会继承转基因引起的变异。
persist into future generations 世代相传；
foreign organs 异体器官；
engraft 植入；
progeny （动植物的）后代，后裔；
the experimental change 实验性变异；
翻译这种专业类型文章，感觉查了各种专业词汇，依然踩不到精准的点。
如果用中国农村的耗电量作为农业技术全面现代化的标志，我们认为，20世纪70年代以来，农业取得了巨大的进步。
If we use consumption of electricity in rural areas of China as an indicator of overall technological modernization in agriculture, we can assume that great progress has been made since the late 1970s.
耗电量consumption of electricity；
农村 rural areas；
……的标志 indicator；
农业技术全面现代化 overall technological modernization in agriculture；
认为 assume that ；
句式、词汇都不难，多积累词汇表达，比如不要看到“认为”就是"think that"
Electronically controlled support magnets located on both sides along the entire length of the vehicle pull the vehicle up to the ferromagnetic stator packs mounted to the underside of the guideway.
电子控制的悬浮磁铁贯穿车辆的两侧，这些磁铁使车辆被吸往安装在导轨下方的磁铁定子原件。
support magnets 悬浮磁铁；
ferromagnetic stator packs 磁铁定子原件；
the underside of 在……下方；
mount 把…固定（或安装）到位；
每周的科技文翻译小伙伴们都抱怨好难。本周难点我认为有两点：①located on both sides along the entire length of the vehicle；② pull，注意这里我就误以为这个pull 是和后边的up连起来的，理解成了“停车”，结果到后便多出来个up弄得我摸不到头脑，只能发挥自己想象力来翻了。
职业技术教育迅速发展，一个多层次的职业技术教育体系已经建立起来，其中包括中等专业学校、中等技术学校、中等职业学校和各种形式的短期职业技术培训。
Chinese occupational and polytechnic education has experienced/witnessed rapid development and a multi-level occupational and polytechnic system has been established, which is mainly composed of medium-level professional schools, polytechnic schools, occupational middle schools as well as short-term occupational and technical training programs of various forms.
职业技术教育 occupational and polytechnic education；
多层次的职业技术教育体系a multi-level occupational and polytechnic system；
中等专业学校medium-level professional schools；
中等职业学校occupational middle schools；
短期职业技术培训 short-term occupational and technical training programs；
主要难点在于各种固定词组，总结下来，记住。
Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at ₤6 and ₤10 per pound (ouch!), touting its virtues at “making the body active and lusty”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age.”
三年后他印刷了大幅的茶广告，将茶的售价定为每磅6英镑到10英镑（哇！），并宣扬饮茶的好处在于“强身健体，滋阴补阳” 而且 “耄耋之年，旺壮矍铄”。
broadsheet （尤指严肃的）宽幅广告；
issue 正式发行（新邮票、硬币或股票等）；
ouch / aʊtʃ /哎呦（突然感到疼痛的叫声）：Ouch! That hurt! 哎呦！疼死了！；
tout ① 赞扬; 吹捧: his much touted musical 他那出备受推崇的音乐剧；②兜售，推销（商品或服务）：tout for business / custom 拉生意/招徕顾客:
virtue 优点，长处：Adam Smith believed in the virtues of free trade. 亚当·斯密相信自由贸易的好处；
lusty 健壮的，强有力的： her strong, lusty young husband 她那位年富力强的丈夫 ；
preserving perfect health until extreme old age 耄耋之年，旺壮矍铄；
短短的一句话竟然有四个生词，真为自己的词汇量感到捉急；
这句话难点我认为在“making the body active and lusty”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age.” 虽然词汇、句式都很简单，意思翻译出来也不难，但要想处理成参考译文这样，我认为还是有难度的。从这句话我们也可以看出参考译文作者汉语水平的深厚
。
在学校里，哪个支系的学生多就使用哪种语言，但同一支系的学生相互交谈又使用本支系的语言。
In schools, the language of the branch with the majority of students dominates the conversation, yet students from the same branch prefer their own language.
majority 多数，大多数〔人或物〕：The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.
dominate 支配，控制，主宰： New Orleans dominated throughout the game. 新奥尔良队自始至终都控制了这场比赛。
majority, dominate, prefer 这些词虽然简单，自己在做中英的时候每次都想不到。每次看了参考译文都想，为什么自己没转换一下思维多想想呢。
The forger's greatest advantage is that many buyers wait years before opening their fraudulent bottles, if they open them at all.
造假者最大的优势莫过于多数买了假酒的主顾往往要等上好几年才开瓶品尝，有的甚至从不启盖。
forger〔文件、钱币、画作等的〕伪造者 ；
fraudulent 骗人的，欺诈性的： a fraudulent insurance claim 欺诈性保险索赔；
注意"before" 不要生硬的翻译为"在……之前"；
旧中国灾难深重，民不聊生，被西方国家讥讽为“东亚病夫”，虽然参加了第十、十一、十四届奥运会，最终只能带着 “零的记录” 饮恨而归。
The old China was tangled with domestic problems and foreign invasion, and the Chinese people were leading a miserable life and were looked down upon by Western powers as “sick men of East Asia”. Although China was invited to send athletes to the 10th, 11th and 14th Olympic Games, the results in competitions were quite disappointing without a single point to the Chinese sports delegation's credit.
使缠结，乱作一团 tangle：His parachute became tangled in the wheels of the plane. 他的降落伞缠在了飞机的轮子上。
痛苦的，非常可怜的 miserable：We were cold, wet and thoroughly miserable. 我们又冷又湿,难受极了。
讥讽，瞧不起 look down upon；
东亚病夫 sick men of East Asia；
代表团 delegation；
零的记录 without a single point；
赞扬，赞许 credit：Credit for this win goes to everybody in the team.
“灾难深重” 在这里译者翻译之后特意解释了一下“domestic problems and foreign invasion” ，我们自己在做中英时也要学着这种方法，将汉语中模糊的部分转换成英语后要做出相应的解释。
The olympics were of fundamental religious importance, contests alternating with sacrifices and ceremonies honoring both Zeus ( whose colossal statue stood at Olympia), and Pelops, divine hero and mythical king of Olympia famous for his legendary chariot race, in whose honor the games were held. （注：Chatiot : 古时用于战争或比赛的一种双轮马车 ）
奥运会有着非常重要的宗教意义，竞赛前后都要敬献祭品，举办仪式，敬奉希腊主神宙斯（巨大的宙斯塑像矗立在奥林匹亚）和珀罗普斯这位神圣的英雄以及奥林匹亚神话里的国王，这位国王以传奇般的双轮马车赛而闻名于世，奥林匹亚运动会就是为纪念他而举办的。
be of fundamental religious importance 非常重要的宗教意义；
alternate 使轮流，使交替：She alternated between outrage and sympathy. 她时而愤怒，时而同情。
sacrifice 献祭：They made sacrifices to ensure a good harvest. 他们举行献祭以保丰收。
colossal statue 巨大的塑像；
divine hero 神圣的英雄；
mythical 神话里的，神话的：mythical beasts / heroes 神话里的野兽/英雄；
自己在处理译文是遇到的几个认识但是不太好处理的词汇：alternate，honor。意思理解但是想不到好的汉语表达，暴露了自己汉语的短板。
30年后的1958年，斯诺在他的《复始之旅》中对他这次独身出走的动机做了更加明确的表述：“那年我22岁，在华尔街的投机中赚了几个钱，这些钱省吃俭用也够我一年到世界各地冒险旅行一番了。”（注：《复始之旅》 Become a Journey）
In 1958 or 30 years later, Snow explained his motive more explicitly in his book Become a Journey : "I was 22 that year and made some money in the Wall Street speculation , which was enough for me to be on a one-year adventurous tour of the world if I was to be thrifty."
动机 motive；
明确地 explicitly；
投机 speculation；
冒险旅行 adventurous tour；
省吃俭用 thrifty；
“30年后的1958年” 怎么都没想到合适的表达；
“独身出走” 未译是因为上文已经出现；
Andy Young advised me to form a board that was fifty percent African-American and sixty percent female. Margaret Mitchell was born into a segregated Atlanta and died in a segregated Atlanta. We have no intention of hiding that, but we also want to show how she evolved over the course of her life.
安迪杨建议我成立一个董事会，董事会成员50%为非裔美国人，60%为妇女。玛格丽特米切尔出生的时候，亚特兰大是个种族分离的社会，她去世的时候，亚特兰大还是一个种族分离的社会，我们无意掩盖这个事实，不过我们同时也想展示在她一生中身上所发生的变化。
form a board 成立一个董事会；
segregated（男女）分开的，种族隔离的：a racially segregated education system 实行种族隔离的教育制度；
have no intention of doing sth 无意做某事；
evolve ①进化，进化形成：Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures. ②逐步发展，逐步演变：The school has evolved its own style of teaching.该学校逐步形成了自己的教学风格；
course 过程，时期：Over the course of the next few years, the steel industry was reorganized.接下来几年里，钢铁工业进行了重组；
第一句话定语从句that后边有八个词，我用了“八字原则”，因此处理成汉语的前置定语，而参考译文则是将定语拆开，放在后边。对比之后，我觉得还是参考译文更加顺畅一些。所以说，翻译理论也不绝对，我们也要结合实际情况来取舍；
文中有几个词汇不太好处理，segregated Atlanta, evolved, over the course of her life.
生命是按时光和岁月计算的，在一年中最值得珍惜的新旧交替的时光里，同根、同血缘的人们相聚在一起，枝叶相拥，根须相抱，温习往日的亲情，聚拢家庭的元气，美满祥和，其乐融融。
Life is calculated by time ------years and months. In the most cherished time of changeover from the old to the new, people of the same blood and roots find themselves together, reviewing the past events in a warm, familial atmosphere of happiness and delight, just like branches and roots of a tree entwined and interlocked together.
岁月 years and months；
值得珍惜的 cherished；
新旧交替的时光 time of changeover from the old to the new；
同根同血缘的人们 people of the same blood and roots；
温习往日的亲情 reviewing the past events in a warm, familial atmosphere of happiness and delight；
盘绕，缠绕 entwine；
（使）连锁，使紧密相连：a puzzle with 500 interlocking pieces由500个紧密相连的图块组成的拼图；
英专的小伙伴们，这段话有没有专八翻译的赶脚？
这种文学体裁的翻译，最难的地方在于我们需要将这些文绉绉的语言转换成通俗的语言，然后在转换成英语。这就不仅要求我们英语水平要过硬，汉语水平也要过硬。
If I have called in the cuckoo to illustrate the ordinary man’s ignorance, it is not because I can speak with authority on that bird. It is simply because, passing the spring in a parish that seemed to have been invaded by the cuckoos of Africa, I realized how exceedingly little I, or anybody else I met, knew about them. But your and my ignorance is not confined to cuckoos. It dabbles in all created things, from the sun and moon down to the names of the flowers. I once heard a clever lady asking whether the new moon always appears on the same day of the week. She added that perhaps it is better not to know, because, if one does not know when or in what part of the sky to expect it, its appearance is always a pleasant surprise. I fancy, however, the new moon always comes as a surprise even to those who are familiar with her time-tables. And it is the same with the coming-in of spring and the waves of the flowers. We are not the less delighted to find an early primrose because we are sufficiently learned in the services of the year to look for it in March or April rather than in October. （选自The Pleasures of Ignorance 《无知长乐》）
我请杜鹃来做例子以说明普通人的无知，并不是因为我有什么权威对这种鸟而发发议论。不过，我曾在某个教区暂住，而那年春天从非洲飞来的杜鹃似乎全集合在那个地方，因此我也就有了机会了解到我自己以及我所碰见的每一个人对这种鸟儿的知识是如何的微不足道。但是，你我的无知并不限于杜鹃这一方面。它涉及到宇宙万物，从太阳、月亮一直到花卉的名字。有一天，我听见一位聪明伶俐的太太提出了这样一个问题：新月是不是总在星期几露面？她接着又说：不知道倒好，正因为人不知道在什么时候、在天空的哪一带能看见它，新月一出现才给人带来一场惊喜。然而我想，哪怕人把月亮盈亏时间表记得再熟，看见新月出现还是不免又惊又喜，春回大地，花开花落，也莫不如此。尽管我们对一年四季草木节令了如指掌，知道樱草开花在三月或四月而不再十月，不过看见一株早开花的樱草，我们还是照样地高兴。
call in 请来，约请；
cuckoo 布谷鸟，杜鹃；
ignorance 无知；
parish 教区；
pass 经过，通过（文中引申为“暂住”）；
exceedingly 非常，极其；
confine ①把…局限于; 把…限制于：We confined our study to 10 cases.我们把研究限定在十个案例以内。②监禁，禁闭: He was allegedly confined in a narrow, dark room for two months.
dabble ①涉猎，涉足，浅尝: people who dabble in painting as a way of relaxing 把画画当作一种休闲方式的人。②用〔手、脚等〕玩水，嬉水: children dabbling their feet in the sea 把脚伸进海水里玩水的儿童
fancy ①（不肯定地）想，认为：She fancied she heard a noise downstairs. 她觉得自己好像听到楼下有声音。② 喜欢，想要：Sorry, but I don't fancy going out tonight. ③ 爱慕，爱恋: All the girls fancied him. ④ fancy yourself 自以为是，自命不凡
the coming-in of spring 春回大地；
the waves of the flowers 花开花落；
primrose 报春花，樱草；
the services of the year 一年四季草木节令；
今天的材料选自一段散文，小伙伴们都惊呼很过瘾，哈哈；
本文作者是罗伯特·林德，世界著名的爱尔兰散文家，本文是其代表作之一。
第一段"call in" 译者翻译成了“请杜鹃来做例子”，译者的解释是“使用了拟人化手法，让行文生动，体现作者对大自然的热爱。”，我觉得这句话处理的不太合适，试译为：“我用杜鹃来说明人类的无知”。大家还是自己取舍吧。
service与year 搭配，表示自然界的现象。大自然母亲在一年四季为我们人类奉献着不同的花木果实，为大地点染不同色彩。所以译者将 services of the year引申为“一年四季草木节令”。以上为译者解释，我翻遍了词典也没找到service 有这一层意思；
普通高等教育包括专科、本科、硕士和博士教育。大专一般是3年制，本科大学是4年制（医学和有些工程技术专业是5年制），硕士2-3年，博士3年。五十多年来，中国的高等教育也取得了巨大的成就。1981年，中国还制定了包括学士、硕士和博士的学位制度。通过多次教育改革和制度调整，高等教育在促进国民经济建设、科技进步和社会发展张起着越来越重要的作用。
Common higher education comprises junior college, bachelor, master and doctoral degree programs. Junior college program usually lasts 2-3 years; bachelor program 4 years (medical and some engineering and technical programs, 5 years); master program 2-3 years; doctoral program 3 years. In five decades since 1949, China has made significant achievements in higher education. In 1981, China road-mapped a degree system composed of bachelor, master and doctor. Through waves of reform and restructuring, higher education in the country is playing an important role in facilitating national economy construction, science and technology advance and social development.
普通高等教育 common higher education；
专科 professional training college；本科undergraduate college；
工程技术专业 engineering and technical programs；
取得巨大的成就 make significant achievements；
制定学位制度 road-map a degree system；
多次教育改革和制度调整 waves of reform and restructuring；
促进 facilitate；
国民经济建设 national economy construction；
road-map 由名词短语road map（指驾驶员用的交通图）转化成的动词，原意为“画出交通图”，在这里译者转义为“制定”；
做汉英时，我们往往受到英语单词和汉语单词“对号入座”的影响，来来回回用那几个词。比如本文中“发展”，我想到的立刻是"development" 查了字典才知道还有"expansion", "evolution"，“推动” 首先想到的是"promote"而不是"facilitate"。所以我们在平时训练过程中，一定注意多积累同一思想或概念的不同表达方法，汉英时就能根据不同的上下文和文体，游刃有余的选择合适的表达和词汇。