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ScalersTalk笔译专练小组第32周训练日志
笔译群是Scalerstalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（QQ：9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到Kevin或瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第三十二周（2015.11.30—12.06）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
“It’s not about getting any public recognition for her giving, it’s to help touch and transform individual lives,” said Laura Andreessen, a philanthropist and lecturer on philanthropy at Stanford who has been close friends with Ms. Powell Jobs for two decades.
While some people said Ms. Powell Jobs should have started a foundation in Mr. Jobs’s name after his death, she did not, nor has she increased her public giving.
斯坦福大学慈善专业讲师，同时也是乔布斯女士长达20 年的密友与慈善家，劳拉•安德森说：“她的付出并不是为了获取公众的认可，而是为了有助于感化和改变那些需要帮助的人”。
尽管许多人建议乔布斯女士应以他去世的丈夫的名义发起一个基金会，然而，她并没有这样做，也没有增加任何公共捐赠。
get public recognition 获得公众认可；
touch 感化；
philanthropy 博爱，慈善，乐善好施（文中指“慈善专业”）；
philanthropist 慈善家；
foundation 基金会；
name after sb. 以某人的名义；
原来世界上还有“慈善专业”这么一个专业；
中文一般是“某人说：什么什么”，而英文则是“什么什么，某人说。”有人建议这种情况英翻中最好把顺序调整一下，符合国人习惯。但我们在中文中也确实经常遇到先说讲话的话，再说某某说的情况，所以我认为不调整问题应该也不大。
下一步，我们将坚定不移推进金融市场化改革，健全现代金融体系，加快发展多层次资本市场，稳步推进利率市场化、汇率市场化的改革。
Going forward, we will unswervingly advance market reform of the financial sector, build a sound modern financial system, accelerate the development of a multi‐tiered capital market, and steadily step up the reform in the marketization of interest rate and exchange rate.
坚定不移地 unswervingly；
推进金融市场化改革 advance market reform of the financial sector；
健全现代金融体系 build a sound modern financial system；
加快 accelerate；
多层次的资本市场 a multi‐tiered capital market；
稳步推进 steadily step up；
市场化 marketization；
利率 interest rate；
汇率 exchange rate；
“坚定不移地”，“稳步地”这些副词可以和很多动词搭配，多积累。
Boys are falling behind. They graduate from high school and attend college at lower rates than girls and are more likely to get in trouble, which can hurt them when they enter the job market. This gender gap exists across the United States, but it is bigger for poor people and black people. As society becomes more unequal, it seems, it hurts boys more.
男孩落后了。相比女孩，男孩高中毕业和上大学的比率更低，也更容易惹上麻烦，这将不利于他们进入就业市场。全美国都出现了这种性别差异，在穷人和黑人身上更严重。现在看来，随着社会变得越来越不平等，男孩受到的伤害似乎更多。
enter the job market 进入就业市场
get in trouble 惹麻烦
没有生词，也没有什么难度，只要把句子组织流畅就可以了。
积极发展文化事业和文化产业。推动重大文化惠民项目建设，广播电视“村村通”工程向“户户通”升级。实施文艺精品战略，完善现代文化市场体系。群众健身活动蓬勃开展，成功举办南京青奥会。
We worked actively to develop the cultural sector. Progress was made in developing major cultural initiatives designed to benefit the public. Great efforts were made to extend radio and television coverage not only to all villages but to all rural homes. Efforts were made to ensure the production of more high-quality literary and artistic works, and the modern culture market was improved. Popular fitness activities are flourishing nationwide, and the 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing were a great success.
文化事业和文化产业the cultural sector
文化惠民项目 cultural initiatives designed to benefit the public
广播电视“村村通”extend radio and television coverage to all villages
广播电视“户户通”extend radio and television coverage to all rural homes
实施文艺精品战略 ensure the production of more high-quality literary and artistic works
现代文化市场体系the modern culture market
群众健身活动 popular fitness activities
南京青奥会the 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing
从这周开始，汉英专练政府报告，要把这块硬骨头啃透。这部分之前背过一遍，然而现在翻只能说眼熟，还是要理解词义句义、然后记习惯表达，慢慢啃。
Just east of Argentina‟s Andean foothills, an oil field called the Vaca Muerta — “dead cow” in English — has finally come to life.In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country‟s long-stagnant economy.
就在阿根廷安第斯山麓东侧，一个名为瓦卡穆埃尔塔（Vaca Muerta）—英文意为“死牛”—的油田终于得见天日。在五月份，阿根廷石油公司 YPF 宣布在巴塔哥尼亚地区发现了储量为 1.5 亿桶的油田，阿根廷总统克里斯蒂娜•费尔南德斯•德基什内尔迅即在国家电视台上进行宣传，称这一发现将会为阿长期陷入停滞的经济注入新的活力。
Andean n.adj安第斯山
foothills 山麓丘陵
Vaca Muerta 瓦卡穆埃尔塔
come to life 苏醒，表现生动，振作起来
Patagonia 巴塔哥尼亚地区
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 克里斯蒂娜•费尔南德斯•德基什内尔
rush onto 仓促行动，仓促行事
give new impetus to 为……注入活力
come to life不太好处理，要根据语境自己选词。
这一段里面有很多人名地名，不要求都记住，但应该尽量熟悉，这样在CATTI考试中省很多时间。
第二，保持稳增长与调整结构的平衡。我国发展面临“三期叠加”矛盾，资源环境约束加大，劳动力等要素成本上升，高投入、高消耗、偏重数量扩张的发展方式已经难以为继，必须推动经济在稳定增长中优化结构。
Second, we need to maintain a proper balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments. In its current stage of development, China has to simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies. As resource-related and environmental constraints grow and costs for labor and other factors of production rise, a model of development that draws on high levels of investment and energy consumption and is heavily driven by quantitative expansion becomes difficult to sustain. We must therefore improve the economic structure while ensuring steady growth.
保持稳增长与调结构的平衡 maintain a proper balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments
面临三期叠加矛盾China has to simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies.
高投入、高消耗、偏重数量扩张的发展方式a model of development that draws on high levels of investment and energy consumption and is heavily driven by quantitative expansion
汉译英中一个很大的问题就是要注意断句，比如第二句，译文处理为了三句话。
“三期叠加”矛盾中，三期指的是：1.增长速度换档期 2.结构调整阵痛期 3.前期刺激政策消化期。
But among fisheries management scientists, reactions ranged from skepticism to fury over what many called an alarmist report.
但是渔业管理学家们对这一预测不是表示怀疑，就是感到愤怒，称这份报告是杞人忧天。
fisheries management scientists 渔业管理学家
skepticism 怀疑
alarmist adj. 危言耸听的，忧虑的 n. 杞人忧天者，大惊小怪者
句子不长，一个小伙伴的译文更是简洁，“不是表示怀疑，就是感到愤怒”用四个字解决了，“非疑即怒”。
烟雾对人群的危害超过工业污染的化学气体，对人体的大 脑、心肺、肝、脾、胃、肾，对人体的性功能、生殖功能都有不同程度的伤害，甚至将 严重影响生育繁衍质量。
Tobacco smoke proves more dangerous than industrial air pollution, taking a varied toll on people‟s brain, heart, hung, liver, spleen, stomach and kidney, triggering sexual and procreative dysfunctions, and even leading to birth defects.
工业污染的化学气体 industrial air pollution
伤害，损害 take a toll on
损害功能 trigger dysfunctions
影响生育繁衍质量 lead to birth defects
take a toll on，trigger dysfunctions，lead to defects，伤害/影响，译文用了三个完全不同的表达，处理灵活，也体现出积累词汇的重要性。
翻译的时候在“影响生育质量”这卡了半天，最终处理成了impair newborn health，看到参考译文才“恍然大悟”。
The headlines this week are reminding psychologists of the anxiety and fear that followed the Sept. 11 attacks. Suicide bombers and shootings in Paris. Attacks in Beirut and Nigeria. Threatening videos and public officials holding news conferences. Diverted planes. Suspicious packages. Lockdowns on campuses and fears of mass shooters.
本周的头条新闻让心理学家们想起了9•11事件后人们心中萦绕不去的焦虑和恐慌。巴黎的自杀式炸弹袭击和枪击案。发生在贝鲁特和尼日利亚的袭击事件。恐吓录像和政府官员举行的新闻发布会。飞机迫降。可疑包裹。封锁校园以及对枪击案的恐惧。
Beirut 贝鲁特，黎巴嫩一港口
Nigeria 尼日利亚
news conferences 新闻发布会
Diverted planes 飞机迫降
lockdown 封锁
新闻语言，都是短句，没什么难度。
企业是技术创新的主体。要落实和完善企业研发费用加计扣除、高新技术企业扶持等普惠性政策，鼓励企业增加创新投入。
Enterprises play a leading role in technological innovation. We will implement and improve preferential policies, such as extra tax deductions for research and development costs and policies that support new- and high-technology enterprises, so as to encourage enterprises to increase their spending on innovation.
企业是技术创新的主体 Enterprises play a leading role in technological innovation
普惠性政策 preferential policies
研发费用加计扣除 extra tax deductions for research and development costs
高新技术企业 new- and high-technology enterprises
“企业是技术创新的主体” Enterprises play a leading role in technological innovation. “主体”一词比较抽象，译文将“是……的主体”翻译为“play a leading role in”，将抽象具体化，符合英语用语习惯。
“加计扣除”比较专业，不太好理解，百科给出的定义是“按照税法规定在实际发生数额的基础上，再加成一定比例，作为计算应纳税所得额时的扣除数额的一种税收优惠措施”。
What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfields of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks, rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of sealife, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.
我们现在开汽车、开飞机使用的油是怎样形成的呢？科学家确知煤是怎样形成的，但若问道石油是怎样形成的，他们似乎就不那么有把握了。他们认为地下的石油在远古时期就已经开始形成。而且是由海中生物形成的。亿万个数不清的微小动物和植物在海水中生长并沉入海底，上面覆盖着大量沉积的泥沙，由于化学变化、压力和温度等因素，经过漫长的岁月，变成了现在我们所说的石油。这些小动物必须在一层层岩石之间密封起来，经过极长的一段时间才能变成石油。石油是在海里形成的，这种说法，只要看一下世界主要油田分布图，就可以得到证实；大油田离开今日的海洋很远的极少。有些地方，天然气和石油从海底浮上水面。含有石油的岩层也是在海里形成的。这种岩石是沉积岩，是在海水的作用之下沉积在洋底的。在有石油的地方，附近几乎总可以发现贝壳的残片以及海洋生物的其他遗迹。有一种很普通的沉积岩，叫做页岩。这是一种松软的岩石，显然是在海底沉积而成的。凡是有页岩的地方，就可能有石油。
countless billions of 亿万个；
minute sea creatures 微小的海洋生物；
imprison 监禁，关押；
an enormous length of time 极长的一段时间；
the chief oilfield 主要油田；
sedimentary rocks 沉积岩；
shale 页岩；
Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers. In some cases oil comes out of the ground without any drilling at all and has been used for hundreds of years. In the island of Trinidad the oil is in the form of asphalt,a substance used for making roads. Sir Walter Raleigh visited the famous pitch lake of Trinidad in 1595; it is said to contain nine thousand million tons of asphalt. There are probably huge quantities of crude oil beneath the surface.
地质学家是研究岩石的科学家，他们可以为钻探石油的人指明哪些地方可能有油。有些地方，根本未经钻探，石油就流出地面，而且已经使用了几百年。在特立尼达岛，石油以沥青的形式出现。沥青是一种可以用来铺路的物质。1959年，沃尔特·雷利爵士曾参观过特立尼达有名的沥青湖。据说湖里储有沥青90亿吨。表层下面很可能储藏着极为丰富的原油。
asphalt 沥青；
substance 物质；
pitch lake 沥青湖；
crude oil 原油；
There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it isnear; on the other hand, it may strike oil at a fairly high level. When the drill goes down, it brings up soil. The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. If they are disappointed at one place, the drillers go to another. Great sums of money have been spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in 'prospecting' for oil. Sometimes little is found. When we buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also part of the cost of the search that is always going on.
钻探石油有很大的偶然性。钻头可能到了离油很近的地方而没有碰到油；另一方面，也有可能在相当浅的地方打出油来。钻头下去的时候，便把泥土送上来。从不同深度取出土样后，便进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。钻探石油的人如果在一个地方得不到预期的结果，便到另一个地方去钻探。在石油“勘探”方面，已经花了大笔的钱，比如在埃及的沙漠里进行的勘探工作就是如此。有时收效甚微。因此，当我们为自己的小汽车买几加仑汽油的时候，我们所付的不只是汽油本身的费用，而且还有不断进行找油工作的一部分费用。
luck: chance, fortune；
sample 样品；
traces of oil: signs showing that there is oil there；
prospecting 勘探；
gallon 加仑；
refinery: place where oil is refined；
vapour 蒸汽；
condense 蒸汽；
paraffin 煤油；
第一段中“the formation of coal”中包含一个抽象名词，可以译作“煤的形成”，译作“煤是怎样形成的”更顺一些。吧带有抽象名词的词组译成分句，这是常见的一种译法。有时也只有这样翻译，意思才清楚；
最后一段中Great sums of money have been spent 是被动句，但并未说明谁是施动者。译文用了无主语句。这也是翻译被动语态常用的一种方法。
意大利是我最喜欢的一个欧洲国家。它是用石头建造起来的：石头的宫殿、教堂，石头的斗兽场，石头的雕像，石头的道路，路边也常有喷泉。罗马是建在七山之上的城市，拥有大小５００座教堂，我几乎都去过了。最大的是圣彼得、圣玛利亚、圣约翰和圣保罗。梵蒂冈就是在圣彼得教堂附近，是罗马教皇的宫殿，这是一个“国中之国”！我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士兵士，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。
Italy was my favourite country in Europe. Built up with stone, it had stone palaces and churches, stone arenas, stone statues and stone roads dotted with fountains on either side. Rome was located on seven hills with 500 churches, big and small, and I visited nearly all of them. The biggest ones were St Peter's, St Maria's, St John's and St Paul's. Not far from St Peter's was the Vatican, the palace of the Pope in Rome, constructing a country within a country. I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that the guards at the entrance were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.
斗兽场 arena；
石头雕像 stone statues；
喷泉 fountain；
遍布……dotted with；
梵蒂冈 Vatican；
教皇 Pope；
佛罗伦萨给我留下的，除了美术馆里的雕像和壁画之外，还有一座座府第墙壁上的灯座，每座灯下都有一只拴马的铁环，是聚会或宴客时拴马用的，十分别致！
What remains of Florence in my memory is, apart from the sculptures and murals in the art galleries, the lamps on the walls of the mansions, with an iron ring under each of them, for tying horses at parties and banquets. It was just unique.
壁画 mural；
美术馆 art gallery；
府第 mansion；
铁环 iron ring；
别致 unique；
一地同志关于这些地方的描写，由于时代和注意点的不同，使我看到了那些地方的许多其他的侧面，也扩大了我的知识。
Owing to the difference in times and perspective, Yidi's description of those places has brought their other aspects to my attention and broadened my knowledge.
注意点 perspective；
使某人看到…… bring sth to one's attention；
扩大了我的知识 broaden my knowledge；
信笔写来，竟然差不多都是写我自己的回忆，这就说明了这本散文的魅力。我应该说一地同志这本回忆童年和旅游的散文集子，不但是青少年最好的读物，大人们也应当拿来看看。因为这是一本写情真挚、写景鲜明；流畅、健康、引人向上的散文作品。
Letting my pen take its course, I have written about practically nothing but my own memories and this is proof of the charm of this collection of essays. I must say that Yidi's book about his childhood and his travels is a best choice for young people and should be read by adults as well, because it is sincere in feeling and lucid in description. It is a very readable, healthy and inspiring book.
信笔写来 let my pen take its course；
说明了 be proof of；
散文集子 collection of essays；
写情真挚 be sincere in feeling；
写景鲜明 be lucid in description；
流畅的 readable；
引人向上的 inspiring；
第一段说的都是过去的事，所以基本都用的过去时；
原文中“大小500 座教堂”，译文“big and small”却不能放在前面，而要放在churches后边，这是固定说法；
第三段中“使我看到了……，也扩大了……”译作has brought…to my attention and broadened...句子比较平衡。不要一看见“使我……”就译作make me...须知make me do sth往往带有强制的意思，要慎用。