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ScalersTalk笔译专练小组第30周训练日志
笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（QQ：9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到Kevin或瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第三十周（2015.11.16—11.22）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark, and the laboured lived not in the sun, but in poverty and darkness. What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial, like the mill, which was already ancient in Chaucer's time. The Industrial Revolution began with such machines; the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age. James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village.
在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中，那些帮助减轻劳动的机械都不知从哪个年代起就有了。比如磨坊，在乔叟的时代就已经是古老的了。而工业革命就是从这些机械开始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷，出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭；一七三三年，他十七岁，就着手改良磨坊的车轮，从而开始了他那自我奋斗的生涯。
work from dawn to dark 从早到晚都得干活；
lighten labour 减轻劳动；
immemorial that has existed for longer than people can remember 古老的；远古的；无法追忆的: an immemorial tradition 古老的传统；
millwright 磨坊技师；
the coming age 新时代；
self-made career 自我奋斗的生涯；
lighten labour 参考译文处理成了“减轻劳动”，我觉得有些不妥，百度搜索了一下这个词语，显示结果也都是“减轻劳动强度”，所以建议处理为“减轻劳动强度”；
James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village. 翻译最后这句话要注意，汉语在介绍一个人的生平时，是有时间先后顺序的，通常先介绍一个人的出身，然后介绍这个人的事迹。
第一次世界大战后，帝国主义对中国加紧侵略，北洋军阀政府对外妥协投降对内残酷压迫人民，给中国带来了深重的民族危机。一九一九年“巴黎和会”上中国外交的失败，激起了中国人民极大的愤慨。
After World War I, the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China while the Northern Warlord government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally and to ruthless oppression of the people internally, thus landing China in a grave national crisis. China's diplomatic setback at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 aroused strong indignation among the Chinese people.
帝国主义 imperialists；
对中国加紧侵略 stepped up their aggression against China；
北洋军阀政府 the Northern Warlord government；
对外妥协投降 resort to compromise and capitulation externally；
对内残酷压迫人民 resort to ruthless oppression of the people internally；
给中国人民带来了深重的民族危机 land China in a grave national crisis；
外交的失败 diplomatic setback；
巴黎和会 the Paris Conference；
激起了中国人民的极大愤慨 arise strong indignation among the Chinese people；
有的小伙伴用aggression的时候接的介词to，其实像“打击”、“对抗”这类词，基本都是接against；
“She’s been mourning for a year,” said Larry Brilliant, who is an old friend of Mr. Jobs. “Her life was about her family and Steve, but she is now emerging as a potent force on the world stage, and this is only the beginning.”
But she is doing it her way.
“It’s not about getting any public recognition for her giving, it’s to help touch and transform individual lives,” said Laura Andreessen, a philanthropist and lecturer on philanthropy at Stanford who has been close friends with Ms. Powell Jobs for two decades.
据乔布斯先生的一位老朋友拉里•布里恩特透露：“因为她丈夫的去世，乔布斯女士整整难过了一年，家庭和丈夫曾是她生活的全部，但是，她现在已成为世界这个舞台上的一股强劲的力量，而她现在所做的一切，还只是开始而已。
乔布斯女士以她特有的方式在行动着。
斯坦福大学慈善专业讲师，同时也是乔布斯女士长达20 年的密友与慈善家劳拉•安德森说：“她的付出并不是为了获取公众的认可，而是为了有助于感化和改变那些需要帮助的人”。
mourn 悼念，哀悼；
world stage 国际舞台；
a potent force 一股强劲的力量；
sb. is doing it his/her way 某人以某人特有的方式行动着；
public recognition 公众的认可；
touch 感化；
philanthropist 慈善家，乐善好施的人；
world stage 我认为直接处理成“国际舞台”就行了，参考译文不知怎么处理成了“世界这个舞台”。
目前，中国金融业资产已超过150万亿元人民币，外汇储备达3.4万亿美元，盘活金融资产、激活金融市场潜力很大。
Currently, China’s financial sector has a total asset of over RMB 150 trillion and a foreign exchange reserve of US$3.4 trillion. There is a huge potential for revitalizing China’s financial assets and reinvigorating the financial market.
金融业 financial sector；
资产 asset；
万亿 trillion；
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve；
盘活金融资产 revitalize financial assets；
激活金融市场 reinvigorate the financial market；
该句应该拆分成两个句子，因为前半句讲的是中国金融业的货币量，而后半句讲的是金融市场的潜力。在该句的翻译中，我们要注意货币单位名称的表达方式及其位置：Currently, China’s financial sector has a total asset of over RMB 150 trillion and a foreign exchange reserve of US$ 3.4 trillion. There is a huge potential for revitalizing China’s financial assets and reinvigorating the financial market.
For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series's first book, “Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik's “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy.
多基出版社（Dalkey Archive Press）是位于伊利诺伊州尚佩恩（Champaign）的一个出版社，该社规模不大，过去 25 年以来一直专注于外国文学作品的翻译出版工作，今年在斯洛文尼亚（前南斯拉夫的一个共和国）官方机构的支持之下启动了斯洛文尼亚文学系列的翻译出版项目。该文学系列的第一部翻译作品是由波利斯•帕赫（Boris Pahor）所著的《墓葬地》（Necropolis）。这是一部有关二战期间集中营生活的回忆录，读来令人震撼，有人将该作品与埃利•维瑟尔（Elie Wiesel）和普里莫•莱维（Primo Levi）的有关名著相提并论。该系列的第二部翻译作品是安德烈•巴拉特尼克（Andrej Blatnik）的《别装糊涂》 （You Do Understand）。这本书主要是讲述爱与亲密关系的随笔和寓言合集，读来虽荒诞不经，但却感人至深。
specialize in 专注于……；
Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚；
Yugoslavia 南斯拉夫；
concentration-camp 集中营；
memoir 回忆录；
absurdist 荒诞派的，荒诞主义的；
sketch 随笔；
parable 道德小故事，说教性寓言；
这段话处理起来不难，涉及好多背景知识需要我们去查询。
早在 1996 年，中国就启动实施了“绿色照明工程”，中国绿色照明工程的实施，推动了照明电器行业结构的优化升级和产品质量的整体提升，经过多年努力，中国节能灯产品质量水平日益提高，一些企业产品质量和工艺水平已达到世界领先水平。高效照明产品及技术的日益成熟为逐步淘汰白炽灯提供了重要保障。
China kick-started/initiated/launched the program of “green lighting” /embarked on a campaign encouraging people to go green in lighting as back as (in) 1996. The environment-friendly/eco-sensitive/responsible move/endeavor has served to upgrade the mix of China's lighting industry and elevate the overall quality of lighting products. Thanks to years of strong commitments, energy-saving/energy-efficient lamps made in China have moved up the value chain in both quality and workmanship, with some ranking among the best in the world. The ever-improving products and technologies for energy-efficient lighting have made it possible to phase out energy-intensive incandescents in the country.
启动实施 kick-start/initiate/launch/embark on；
绿色照明工程 the program of “green lighting”/a campaign encouraging people to go green in lighting；
优化升级 upgrade；
照明电器行业 lightening industry；
提升产品整体质量 elevate the overall quality；
经过多年的努力 years of strong commitments；
节能灯 energy-saving/energy-efficient lamps；
产品质量水平日益提高 moved up the value chain in both quality and workmanship；
达到世界领先水平 rank among the best in the world；
日益成熟的技术 ever-improving technologies；
高效照明产品 energy-efficient lightening；
淘汰 phase out；
白炽灯 incandescent；
高耗能的 energy-intensive；
这段话涉及好多需要积累的知识点。
Their conclusions are at once gloomy - overfishing continues to threaten many species - and upbeat: a combination of steps can turn things around. But because antagonism between ecologists and fisheries management experts has been intense, many familiar with the study say the most important factor is that it was done at all.
They say they hope the study will inspire similar collaborations between scientists whose focus is safely exploiting specific natural resources and those interested mainly in conserving them.
他们得出的结论可谓喜忧参半，忧的是过度捕捞继续威胁着许多鱼类，喜的是通过采取一系列措施可以扭转局面。但是，鉴于海洋生态学家与渔业管理学家向来水火不容，对这项研究比较了解的许多人士指出，这项研究的重要意义在于表明了两大阵营可以合作共事。
这些人士称，他们希望这项研究能够激励那些主张适度开发某些自然资源的科学家与主张保护自然资源的科学家之间开展类似合作。
at once: at the same time 同时 （SYN simultaneously）Don't all speak at once! 不要大家同时讲！；
gloomy 忧郁的；沮丧的；无望的 a gloomy expression 沮丧的表情；
overfishing 过度捕捞；
upbeat 乐观的；快乐的；积极向上的 ；
a combination of steps 一系列措施；
turn things around 扭转局面；
antagonism 对立情绪，敌对；
collaboration 合作；
safely exploiting specific natural resources 适度开发某些自然资源；
注意at once在这里不是"immediately"的意思，在这里是“同时”之意；
参考译文很多亮点，能看出译者的中文水平深厚，比如are at one gloomy...and upbeat“喜忧参半”，intensive antagonism 处理成“水火不容”。
吸烟“无大害”。许多烟民和社会公众认为吸烟有点害但无大害。主要是尼古丁的毒害，这种毒害也是轻微的、漫长的、潜移默化的，只要自己身体好无大害，你看某位亲人一辈子吸烟活到九十九，不影响健康长寿。
Tobacco use “causes little harm, if at all”, a view echoed by many users and the wider general public. They believe that tobacco use is harmful mainly due to the presence of nicotine, which is at most negligently toxic and takes an incremental health toll only. To substantiate their argument that tobacco use is compatible with longevity if one is born to be healthy, some even cite their family members or relatives who happened to be lifelong tobacco addicts but still made it to very senior age.
吸烟 tobacco use；
社会公众 the wider general public；
重复,附和(想法或看法)echo: This is a view echoed by many on the right of the party. 这是党内许多右翼分子都重复过的观点。；
尼古丁 nicotine；
疏忽地，粗心大意地 negligently；
逐渐的，逐步的 incremental；
证明，证实 substantiate；
长寿，持久 longevity；
相容的，兼容的 be compatible with；
这种讲故事似的，略微口语化的材料我觉得是最难处理的，很多地方不知如何处理合适。
"In later years, the house later became a farmhouse, with 150 acres of land, but, over time, pieces were sold off," Mr. Underwood said. "In the 20th century, it was owned by two American families." Now, he and his co-owner, Roy Elsbury, have put the seven-bedroom property on the market at￡1.375 million, or $2.13 million.
“后来，这个旅馆变成了一个农舍，当时拥有 150 英亩土地。但是，土地后来都一块块被卖掉了，”安德伍德说，“到了二十世纪，两个美国家庭成了这座房产的主人”。现在 安德伍德和房产的共同拥有者罗伊•艾尔斯伯里（Roy Elsbury）将这个有七个卧室的房产挂牌出售，售价 137.5 万英镑（约合 213 万美元）。
acre 英亩；
put sth on the market 将……挂牌销售；
这段话没什么难点。
凭着自己对社会现实的理解与感悟，对美好生活的追求与向往， 把自己的亲身感受与体验，忠实地记录在岩石之上，同时也为后人留下了神秘瑰丽的贺兰山岩画。
Ancient rock painters literally recorded in their works their perceptions of social realities and aspirations for a better life as well as their hands-on experience. This artistic documentation has translated into mysterious, magnificent rock painting legacy as we see today.
忠实地记录 literally record；
对社会现实的理解和感悟 perceptions of social realities；
对美好生活的追求与向往 aspirations for a better life；
亲身感受与体验 hands-on experience；
神秘瑰丽的岩画 mysterious, magnificent rock painting；
注意“凭着自己……忠实地记录在岩石之上”参考译文的语序处理方式以及这句话的断句方式。
The Industrial Revolution is a long train of changes starting about 1760. It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions, of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. The Industrial Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes. I think of it as the English Revolution.
工业革命是指从1760年前后开始的一长串的变革。它不是孤立的，而是当时三大革命之一。其它两次革命，一次是从1775年开始的美国革命，一次是从1789年开始的法国革命。把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命，工业革命只是以英国方式来实现那些社会变革罢了。因此我把它看作是英国革命。
a long train of changes 一长串变革；
triad 三人组合，三件套；
put into the same packet 把……归为一类；
What makes it especially English? Obviously, it began in England. England was already the leading manufacturing nation. But the manufacture was cottage industry, and the Industrial Revolution begins in the villages. The men who make it are craftsmen: the millwright, the watchmaker, the canal builder, the blacksmith. What makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside.
为什么这场革命具有英国的特色呢？不言而喻，因为它开始于英国。英国那时已经成为头号的制造业国家。不过当时的制造业只是农业手工业，而工业革命就是在农村开始的。发动这场革命的都是些匠人：修造磨坊的、制作钟表的、开运河的、打铁的。这场工业革命的英国特色正在于它扎根于农村。
obviously 不言而喻；
the leading manufacturing nation 头号的制造业国家；
cottage industry 农业手工业；
craftsman 匠人；
millwright 水磨匠，造水车木匠；
blacksmith 打铁匠；
peculiarly 不寻常地，特别；
During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventurers. The summer faded. Trade grew more competitive. By the end of the century the needs of industry were harsher and more pressing. The organization of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough. Within two generations, roughly between 1760 and 1820, the customary way of running industry changed .Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes. By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.
18世纪上半叶，也就是牛顿的晚年，皇家学会衰落的那个时代，英国沐浴在农村手工业和商人冒险家从事的海外贸易交织的余晖中。余晖消失了。贸易竞争越来越激烈了。到18世纪末，工业的需求更加紧张，更加迫切了。以农家为单位组织老大已经不能生产足够的产品了。大体上从1760年到1820年这两代人的时间里，办工业的传统方式变了。1760年前的标准方式是把活计拿到农民家里去做，到1820年，把标准方式已经变成把个人雇到工厂里在工头监督之下劳动。
Royal Society 皇家学会；
bask in 沉浸在（令人愉快的环境中）；
Indian summer: the pleasant final period；
merchant adventurer 商人冒险家；
generation 一代人（约30年）；
customary way 传统方式；
run industry 办工业；
第三段中The organization of work in the cottage...是一个名词短语，在句子里做主语，其中包含一个抽象名词organisation。organisation来自动词organise。这样的抽象名词通常译为动词。所以整个名词短语就译成了动宾结构，“以农家为单位组织劳动”。
最后一段中的productive可以译作“多产的”，但如果后半句话译作“已经不够多产了”则很别扭。productive来自动词produce，所以后半句也译成了动宾结构，“已经不能够生产足够的产品了”。
“五一”国际劳动节，是1889年在第二国际成立大会上确立定的。1919年，中国工人阶级作为独立的政治力量，开始登上历史舞台。1920年我国许多城市就展开了庆祝“五一”节的活动，北京也是其中一个，这也是北京第一次庆祝“五一”国际劳动节。
In 1889,May 1st was designated May Day , International Labour Day , at the congress marking the founding of the Second International. In 1919, the Chinese working class began to appear as an independent political force in the historical arena. And in 1920, it held May Day celebrations in many cities in China , Beijing being one of them. This was the first time May Day was celebrated in Beijing.
“五一”国际劳动节 May Day , International Labour Day；
确定 designate；
第二国际成立大会 the congress marking the founding of the Second International；
工人阶级 working people；
历史舞台 historical arena；
独立的政治力量 an independent political force；
庆祝 celebrate；
这年五月，北京出版的进步刊物《新青年》、《新社会》以及《北京大学学生周刊》等都出版了专号。《新青年》上刊登了李大钊同志的《“五一”运动史》，介绍了“五一”节产生的经过和各国工人阶级为争取八小时工作制的斗争史。此外，还有全国十七省市工人状况的调查报告等。
In May of that year, progressive magazines in Beijing such as New Youth, New Society and Beijing University Students’ Weekly put out special issues. New Youth carried Comrade Li Dazhao's article, “A History of the May 1st Movement”, in which he gave an account of the birth of May Day and the struggle of the working class in different countries for the eight-hour day. It also carried reports on investigations into the conditions of workers in 17 provinces and municipalities.
进步刊物 progressive magazines；
周报 weekly；
专号 special issues；
刊登 carry；
同志comrade；
介绍 give an account of；
八小时工作制 the eight-hour day；
工人状况 the conditions of workers；
市 municipality；
“五一”这天，北京大学五百多名校工和学生举行庆祝大会，李大钊同志在会上讲了话；同时，何孟雄等同志乘两辆汽车，车上悬挂红旗和“劳工神圣”、“五一节万岁”的横标，游行示威；以邓夏中同志为首的北大平民教育演讲团也出动，沿途讲演和散发传单。邓中夏同志当天还赶到长辛店铁路工厂向工人群众宣传，并参加他们的活动。北洋军阀政府出动大批武装军警，荷枪实弹，如临大敌，还逮捕了一些同学，但在群众斗争的压力下，不得不释放了。
On May 1, over 500 workers and students of Beijing University held a rally to mark this day, and Comrade Li Dazhao addressed the meeting. He Mengxiong and other comrades demonstrated through the streets in two trucks decorated with red flags and streamers on which were written the words “Labour Is Scared!” and “Long Live May Day!” With Comrade Deng Zhongxia in the lead, the university's team for popular education set out to make speeches and distribute leaflets. That same day, comrade Deng went to the Changxindian Railway Factory to do publicity work among the worker and to take part in their activities. Alarmed at all this, the Northern Warlord government dispatched large numbers of troops and police, armed as if they were about to encounter a formidable enemy. They arrested a number of students but, under pressure from the masses, had to set them free.
举行庆祝大会 hold a rally to mark this day；
在会上讲话 address the meeting；
横标 streamer；
神圣的 scared；
万岁 long live；
以某人为首 with sb. in the lead；
平民教育 popular education；
出动 set out to；
散发传单 distribute leaflet；
宣传 do publicity work；
北洋军阀政府 the Northern Warlord government；
出动大批军警 dispatch large numbers of troops and police；
如临大敌 be about to encounter a formidable enemy；
群众 the masses；
释放 set sb. free；
首段“北京也是其中一个”这里是并列结构，参考译文处理成了being one of them 独立结构，以显出层次；
“北京出版的”译作“in Beijing”就够了，不必说published in Beijing；