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ScalersTalk笔译专练小组第35周训练日志
笔译群是Scalerstalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，初步设定翻译量目标为十万字。群内活动主要包括周一到周五的每日一句和周末的周任务。如果你想提高笔译水平，找到志同道合的小伙伴，请猛戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（QQ：9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到Kevin或瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核小组审核后便可进群。以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组目前50人，每两周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员，每进一位，便移除排在末尾的一位。
下面是笔译训练群的第三十五周（2015.12.21—12.27）训练日志，共包括五个每日一句（英译汉，汉译英）和一个周训练（英译汉，汉译英），均包括原文，参考译文，词汇整理以及相关点评。材料主要来源于外刊，政府工作报告以及笔译教材。
In the past few years, I’ve taught nonfiction writing to undergraduates and graduate students at Harvard, Yale, and Columbia’s Graduate School of Journalism. Each semester I hope, and fear, that I will have nothing to teach my students because they already know how to write. And each semester I discover again, that they don’t.
在过去几年里，我曾在哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、和哥伦比亚大学新闻学研究生院为本科生和研究生教授学术写作。每个学期我都充满希望，同时又有所担心，我担心如果我的学生已经掌握了写作，我将没有什么东西教授给他们。而每个学期我都一再发现，他们还是不会写作。
nonfiction writing 学术写作；
undergraduate 本科生；
graduate 研究生；
Graduate School of Journalism 新闻学院；
这段话还是挺简单的，没有生词和难理解的东西。
以开放促改革发展、促转型创新，实现中国经济持续健康发展，也会给世界经济增长及金融业发展提供机遇。
We will promote reform, development, economic transformation and innovation in the course of opening‐up to achieve the sustainable and healthy growth of the Chinese economy and to create opportunities for the economic growth and development of the financial industry of the world.
持续健康发展 sustainable and healthy growth；
提供机遇 create opportunities for；
金融业 financial industry；
昨天看的一份政府公文，里边的“健康发展”全都用的“sound development”。
“It's something about family disadvantage itself,” said David Figlio, a Northwestern University economist and co-author of a new paper, presented publicly for the first time on Thursday. “Black people in America are more disadvantaged than white people in America, and if we were to reduce the disadvantage, we may see a reduction in the relative gender gap as well.”
“这是由于家庭本身的不利因素，”西北大学(Northwestern University)的经济学家戴维•费利奥(David Figlio)说，他是周四首次公开发表的新论文的共同作者。“在美国，黑人相比白人要处于弱势，如果我们减轻这种弱势，相对的性别差异亦可能减少。”
present publicly 公开发表；
disadvantaged 处于弱势的；
relative gender gap 相对性别差异；
reduce the disadvantage 原译者处理成了“减轻这种弱势”感觉很别扭，我的处理方法是“减少黑人面对的不利因素”。
加强安全生产工作，事故总量、重特大事故、重点行业事故持续下降。着力治理餐桌污染，食品药品安全形势总体稳定。
We intensified efforts to ensure work place safety and achieved reductions in the number of total accidents, serious and major accidents, and accidents in key industries.Serious efforts were made to prevent food contamination, and on the whole the situation was kept stable in food and medicine safety.
加强...的工作 intensify efforts to；
重特大事故 serious and major accidents；
重点行业 key industry；
餐桌污染 food contamination；
“重特大事故”其实就是“严重”和“重大”的事故，“餐桌污染”就是“食品污染”。
Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.
石油专家警告称，地质学家才刚刚开始在全球部分地区开展页岩油田研究工作，所以目前只能推测页岩油田的储量。现在有关石油地震勘探工作还远未完成，同时，还必须从地表下数千英尺处提取核心样本进行分析，推断出油气的大致储量。
caution(v.)警告，告诫；
shale fields 页岩油田；
seismic work 地震勘探工作；
retrieve 提取；
caution我都要忘了还有动词形式，一直都是当名词来用的。
第三，培育和催生经济社会发展新动力。当前经济增长的传统动力减弱，必须加大结构性改革力度，加快实施创新驱动发展战略，改造传统引擎，打造新引擎。
Third, we need to nurture and hasten the birth of a new force for driving economic and social development. As the force that has traditionally driven economic growth is weakening, it is imperative that we intensify structural reform, boost efforts to implement the strategy of pursuing innovation-driven development, and upgrade traditional engines while creating new ones for driving development.
培育和催生 nurture and hasten the birth of；
动力 force；
减弱 weaken；
重要紧急的 imperative；
结构性改革力度 structural reform；
实施 implement；
创新驱动发展战略 the strategy of pursuing innovation-driven development；
引擎 engines；
短短的一段话，知识点还是挺多的。很多都是固定的说法，多多积累。
“We started talking and found more common ground than we had expected,” Dr. Worm said. Dr. Hilborn recalled thinking that Dr. Worm “actually seemed like a reasonable person.”
沃姆博士称，“我们在辩论时发现我们的共识之多超乎预料。”希尔本博士回想当时的情景时称，他当时也认为沃姆博士“实际上看似一个通情达理的人。”
common ground 共识；
a reasonable person 通情达理的人；
这句话还是挺简单的，talk处理成“辩论”是有上下文的。
有的认为有点影响问题也不大，缺乏共同营造文明环境的思想和道德素质。 二、控烟、禁烟法律法规不健全不完善。
Some of them argue that tobacco use is harmful, but in a rather limited way. Their one-sided perception highlights how they lack the drive to hold themselves to high ethical and moral standards needed to build a healthy environment for all. Laws and regulations on tobacco control remain to be improved/China has yet to provide a strong and well-developed legal framework for tobacco control.
思想和道德素质 high ethical and moral standards；
营造文明环境 build a healthy environment；
法律法规 Laws and regulations；
不完善不健全 remain to be improved；
每次看这篇文章的译文都觉得不太舒服，总是感觉有些啰嗦。
Nicholas became famous for gift-giving, usually to the poor. In the early fourth century a legend began to spread about Nicholas coming at night to the home of three poor girls who did not have dowries and therefore could not marry their fiancés. While the girls slept, Nicholas left gold coins in their stockings, which were drying by the fire. That’s how our tradition of Santa filling stockings got its start.
尼古拉斯因经常给穷人送礼而广受赞誉。早在四世纪，相传尼古拉斯在晚上来到三个穷苦的女孩房前，由于没有嫁妆，她们无法和自己的未婚夫结婚。当女孩们在睡觉时，尼古拉斯把金币放进正在烘烤的袜子里。这正是圣诞老人把礼物放进袜子传统的由来。
legend 传说；
dowry /ˈdauri/ （新娘的）嫁妆，陪嫁；
Santa 圣诞老人；
今天的练习好应景，原来圣诞节往袜子里放礼物是这么来的。
对于波兰人来说，平安夜是充满魔力的一夜。据说动物在这一夜可以与人说话，而人有预测未来的能力。家人们会在平安夜团聚一堂，调和矛盾，并怀念过世的亲人。
For Poles, Christmas Eve is a night of magic when animals are said to talk and people have the power to predict the future. It’s a time for families to gather and reconcile any differences, and to remember loved ones who have gone before them.
波兰人Pole；
平安夜 Christmas Eve；
调和矛盾 reconcile any differences；
团聚一堂 gather；
怀念过世的亲人 to remember loved ones who have gone before them；
圣诞节和平安夜都要成了很多年轻人节日的重要部分了，传统节日春节反倒让人觉得索然无味。这应该就算是cultural erosion吧。
A new scientific research report has found strong evidence suggesting that man's best friend originated from China some33,000 years ago.
一项最新的科学研究发现了有力证据，证明人类最好的朋友——狗，起源于大约3.3万年前的中国。
strong evidence 有力的证据；
originated from 起源于；
The study, the findings of which were published in the science journal Cell Research, found that Chinese indigenous dogs represent an intermediate form between wolves and breed dogs, and that they have not experienced intense artificial selection.
研究结果已发表在科学杂志《细胞研究》上。该研究称，中国本地狗是狼与狗的中间体，没有经历过激烈的人工选择。
indigenous dog 本地狗；
intense artificial selection 激烈的人工选择；
"Analyses of Chinese indigenous dogs therefore allow us to stratify the domestication process in dogs, and investigate the role of positive selection that occurred specifically during the first stage of domestication," said the report.
报告称：“因此，对中国本地狗的分析让我们可以对狗的驯化过程进行分类，进而调查“正向选择”在驯化第一阶段发挥的具体作用”。
stratify (使)分层,成层: a highly stratified society 高度分化的社会；
positive selection 正向选择；
The researchers also found that the southern Chinese indigenous dogs together with several East Asian dogs, such as the Chow or Shar Pei, are closest to wolves.
研究人员还发现，中国南方的狗以及一些东亚的狗品种（如雄狮狗和沙皮狗）更接近狼。
Chow 雄狮狗；
Shar Pei 沙皮狗；
The history of dog domestication is often depicted as a two-stage process where primitive dogs were first domesticated from their wild ancestors, the gray wolves. In the second stage, the primitive forms were further selected to form many dog breeds with specialized abilities.
狗的驯化历史可分为两个阶段，原始的狗最初由它们“野生的祖先（即灰狼）”驯化而来。在第二阶段，原始种类被进一步选择，形成了很多具有特殊能力的狗。
dog domestication 狗的驯化；
primitive 原始的；
The researchers collected the genome sequences of 58 canids from across the world, including samples from Europe,Africa, southern and northern parts of East Asia, the Middle East, Siberia and the Americas. They found that after evolving for several thousand years in East Asia, a subgroup of dogs radiated out of southern East Asia about 15,000 years ago to the Middle East, Africa and Europe.
研究人员收集了来自世界各地的58种犬科动物的基因组序列，包括来自欧洲、非洲、东亚的南部和北部、中亚、西伯利亚和美洲的样本。他们发现，狗类在东亚经历了几千年的发展，大约在1.5万年前，狗的一个子群从东亚南部发展开来，到达中亚、非洲和欧洲。
canid 犬科动物；
genome 基因序列组；
subgroup 子群；
radiate out of 从……发展而来；
"One of these out of Asia lineages then migrated back to northern China and made a series of admixtures with endemic East Asian lineages, before traveling to the Americas," said the researchers. "Our study, for the first time, reveals the extraordinary journey that the domestic dog has traveled on this planet during the past33,000 years."
研究人员说：“这些脱离了亚洲血统的狗，有一些又迁移回到了中国北方，形成了一系列有东亚血统的杂交狗。之后，它们又迁徙到了美洲地区。我们的研究首次揭示了驯化狗在过去3.3万年里在地球上非同寻常的旅程。”
lin·eage / ˈliniidʒ /世系，血统；
endemic 地方性的；
admixture 混合，杂交；
However, the researchers acknowledged that several basic aspects about the dog's origin and evolution are still debated over by scientists. For example, several different geographical regions have been proposed as the birthplace of domestic dogs, and the date of divergence between wolves and dogs has been estimated between 32,000 years ago and 10,000years ago, according to the report.
不过研究人员承认，科学家们在狗起源和进化的几个基本方面仍在存在争议。比如，家犬的发源地就有好几个不同版本，而狼和狗的分化时间也从3.2万年前至1万年前不等。
divergence 分化；
"The exact history of dog domestication thus remains to be fully resolved."
“因此，狗驯化的确切过程仍有待进一步研究。”
大概地介绍了一下狗起源于中国，挺有意思的一篇文章。里边涉及了一点点生物学方面的专业术语，可能不太好理解。但文章总体并不难，生词也很少。
我们应该尊重各国自主选择网络发展道路、网络管理模式、互联网公共政策和平等参与国际网络空间治理的权利，不搞网络霸权，不干涉他国内政，不从事、纵容或支持危害他国国家安全的网络活动。
We need to respect each country's right to choose their methods of cyber development, cyber administration and Internet public policy independently and to participate in the international cyber space management equally. We should never seek network hegemony, interfere in other nations' internal affairs and never engage, indulge or support cyber activities that harm other countries' national security.
网络发展道路 methods of cyber development；
网络管理 cyber administration；
公共政策 public policy；
网络霸权 network hegemon；
干涉 interfere；
内政 internal affairs；
从事 engage；
纵容 indulge；
各国应搭建更多沟通合作平台，创造更多利益契合点、合作增长点、共赢新亮点，推动彼此在网络空间优势互补、共同发展，让更多国家和人民搭乘信息时代的快车、共享互联网发展成果。
We should build more platforms for communication and cooperation, create more converging points of interests, growth areas for cooperation, as well as new highlights of win-win outcomes. We should complement each other with cyberspace advantages, enable more countries and people ride the highway of the information era and share benefits of the Internet development.
利益契合点 converging points of interests；
合作增长点 growth areas for cooperation；
共赢新亮点 new highlights of win-win outcomes；
网络空间 cyberspace；
搭乘信息时代的快车 ride the highway of the information era；
网络空间同现实社会一样，既要提倡自由，也要保持秩序。自由是秩序的目的，秩序是自由的保障。我们既要尊重网民交流思想、表达意愿的权利，也要依法构建良好网络秩序，这有利于保障广大网民合法权益。
As a society, cyberspace needs both freedom and order. Freedom is the goal for order and order guarantees freedom. We not only respect the rights of Internet users to communicate and express their own ideas, but we want to construct a healthy cyber order governed by law, which benefits the legitimate rights and interest of all the Internet users.
保障 guarantee；
表达意愿 express their own ideas；
合法权益 legitimate rights；
这篇文章正是最近的热点，从习主席乌镇互联网讲话里摘的几段话；