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笔译群是ScalersTalk旗下专攻笔译的训练组织，去年下半年和今年上半年我们举办了两次CATTI笔译训练营，共有8人通过二笔考试，5人通过三笔考试，成绩可喜。因此我们再次组建“备战2016年11月CATTI笔译训练营”，针对今年下半年的CATTI二笔、三笔考试，以持续行动为基调，对笔译持续强化训练。猛火力，高强度，玩命虐，连续训练两个月，让你的进步刹不住车，够胆你就来，请戳链接： 完成任务后请在A群、B群或C群找到Kevin（9797#####）或瑶瑶（3674#####）以word文档的形式发送到Kevin或瑶瑶的QQ邮箱，通过审核后便可进群。
注：笔译小组只接受邮件申请，请勿QQ留言，凡是以其他方式提交任务的，均不会回复或者响应。收到邮件后3天左右回复。
以上三个群都不在的小伙伴，可先申请加入C群（群号：456036104，验证消息：ScalersTalk）。笔译训练小组每周清退一次不积极参加训练的组员。
下面是笔译训练群的第七十周（2016.08.22-2016.08.28）训练日志。
Good reasons exist for this. Boards want leaders who can deal with powerful disruptive forces, such as new technologies and radical business models. Industries that have seen a lot of disruption from technological innovation or regulatory change are particularly keen on outsiders. In the 2012-15 period, outsiders made up 38% of incoming CEOs in telecoms, 32% in utilities, 29% in health care, 28% in energy and 26% in financial services. How far outside firms will go varies: in financial services almost all outsiders (92%) came from other financial firms; in utilities 72% of outsiders came from other industries. Boards are more independent than they used to be, thanks largely to regulatory changes introduced after corporate-governance scandals early last decade. They are more likely to consist of genuine outsiders unencumbered by ties to the CEO and equipped with a wide range of contacts and perspectives. That makes it harder for bosses to anoint heirs apparent. Spencer Stuart, a headhunter, calculates that last year 84% of all board directors of S&P 500 firms were independent and 29% of boards had a truly independent chair. Strategy& says that only 7% of last year’s incoming CEOs were also named chairman of the board.
这样做有不少好处。董事会希望公司领导人能够妥善应对一些强大的颠覆性力量，比如新技术和激进的商业模式。那些饱受过技术创新和监管改革之痛的行业更热衷于外部人士。2012年至2015年间，电信行业、公共事业单位、卫生保健行业、能源以及金融服务领域的新任CEO中的外部人士占比分别为38%、32%、29%、28%及26%。企业聘用外部人士的程度不尽相同：金融服务领域中，几乎所有外部人士（92%）来自于其他金融公司；而在公共事业行业中，有72%的外部人士来自于其他行业。 相比以前，董事会现在更加独立，这主要得益于本世纪初企业治理丑闻之后出台的监管改革。董事会更可能会由那些真正的外来人士组成，他们不会受到与CEO之间人情关系的磕绊，而且人脉广，见识多。这使得公司领导明目张胆地指定继任者更难。猎头公司史宾沙( Spencer Stuart)统计称，去年美国标准普尔500家上市公司中84%拥有独立的董事会，其中29%拥有真正独立的董事会主席。思略特表示，去年只有7%的新任CEO被同时任命为董事会主席。
radical 激进的，全新的
incoming 新当选的，新任的
unencumbered 不受妨碍的
anoint 选定，指定
文中出现很多数据怎么办，“blabla分别是blabla”看上去清晰又简洁。S&P 500 firms说是“标准普尔500家上市公司”似乎略有歧义，其实这就是标普500指数所收录的公司。（做翻译真的是要know everything about something and something about everything啊，泪。）
我们应该创造一个各尽所能、合作共赢的未来。对气候变化等全球性问题，如果抱着功利主义的思维，希望多占点便宜、少承担点责任，最终将是损人不利己。巴黎大会应该摈弃“零和博弈”狭隘思维，推动各国尤其是发达国家多一点共享、多一点担当，实现互惠共赢。
We should create a future of win-win cooperation, with each country making contribution to the best of its ability. For global issues like climate change, a take-more-give-less approach based on expediency is in nobody’s interest. The Paris Conference should reject the narrow-minded mentality of “zero sum game” and call on all countries, the developed countries in particular, to assume more shared responsibilities for win-win outcomes.
多占点便宜、少承担点责任 a take-more-give-less approach
损人不利己 in nobody’s interest
零和博弈 zero sum game
狭隘思维 the narrow-minded mentality
用好连字符真的让人眼前一亮有木有！在经济学人上能见到许多“稀奇古怪”带连字符的词，我印象很深的一个就是“the not-a-fan belt”。
Board independence is reinforced by the rise of activist investors. Institutional investors and hedge funds expect as a matter of course that boards will hold managers to account and sack bosses who badly underperform. SharkWatch, a corporate activism database, says almost half the companies at which an activist investor gains a board seat replace their boss within 18 months. A fashion for outsiders is at first glance worrying. It probably helps push up bosses’ salaries. Insiders have traditionally fared better: in 2005 retiring insiders had a median tenure of 5.8 years, against 4.8 years for outsiders. And some outsiders have proved to be embarrassing flops. Yahoo hired Scott Thompson from PayPal only to sack him a few months later when it learned he had falsified his academic credentials. J.C. Penney recruited Ron Johnson from Apple but dumped him after its share price fell by half.
激进投资者的崛起使董事会独立如虎添翼。机构投资人和对冲基金预计董事会将追究经理的责任，并解雇表现不佳的领导层，这在他们看来是理所当然的事情。公司激进主义数据库SharkWatch称，在有激进投资人占据董事会席位的公司中，有一半在18个月内换了领导层。 乍一看，这种偏好外来人士的风尚令人担忧。这可能会使外来领导层的工资水涨船高。传统意义上而言，内部人士更容易成功：2005年，即将退休的内部人士任期中位数是5.8年，相比之下，外来人士为4.8年。同时，有些外来人士最终反倒把公司搞砸了，这是非常尴尬的情况。雅虎聘任了贝宝（全球最大的在线支付平台）的斯科特·汤普森（Scott Thompson），结果一个月之后就将其解雇了，因为雅虎得知其学历造假。彭尼（美国零售公司）雇佣了苹果的罗恩·约翰逊（Ron Johnson），但在公司股价暴跌一半之际又将其弃若敝履。
hedge funds 对冲基金
a matter of course 理所当然
sack 解雇
fare better 更成功
tenure 任职，任期
falsify 篡改，伪造
credentials 资格证明，资历
个人感觉这一段译文给人印象最深的就是那几个成语，当然不排除运用不当的情况。另外结合后文来看，“And some outsiders have proved to be embarrassing flops”说的似乎并不是公司，而是那些外部人士跳槽失败了。
四是着眼开拓发展空间，促进区域协调发展和新型城镇化。继续推动东、中、西、东北地区“四大板块”协调发展，重点推进“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展“三大战略”，在基础设施、产业布局、生态环保等方面实施一批重大工程。制定实施促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆发展的政策措施。推进户籍制度改革，出台居住证制度，加强城镇基础设施建设，新型城镇化取得新成效。
Fourth, we promoted coordinated development between regions and the new type of urbanization to expand development space. Work continued to promote the coordinated development of the eastern region, the central region, the western region, and the northeast; priority was placed on moving forward with the Three Initiatives—the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative, and the Yangtze Economic Belt initiative. A number of major projects were also launched to develop infrastructure, improve the distribution of industries, and achieve ecological and environmental conservation. Policies and measures were introduced to promote the development of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai. We pressed ahead with the reform of the household registration system, adopted a residence certification system, and stepped up the development of urban infrastructure, making progress in developing new urbanization.
三大战略 the Three Initiatives
京津冀协同发展 the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative
产业布局 distribution of industries
户籍制度 household registration system
居住证制度 residence certification system
很多耳熟能详的词汇，尤其是各种政策、制度，都有固定译法，大家多见多记，不要自创。“四省藏区”直接按字面翻译并不能清楚表达其含义，这时候就需要补充说明了。
But outsiders had a poor record in part because companies used only to turn to them in extremis. Now they choose them in good times: last year companies in the top quartile of performance (as measured by total shareholder returns) hired a larger share of outsiders than did poorly performing companies, and retiring outsiders had a longer tenure than insiders. By insisting on considering outsiders as well as insiders, boards give themselves more options. The more important change is not that they sometimes decide to buy from outside, but that they are getting better at doing their most basic job—planning CEO succession. About time, too. AS POLITICAL theatre, America’s party conventions have no parallel. Activists from right and left converge to choose their nominees and celebrate conservatism (Republicans) and progressivism (Democrats). But this year was different, and not just because Hillary Clinton became the first woman to be nominated for president by a major party. The conventions highlighted a new political fault line: not between left and right, but between open and closed (see article).
但是外来人士表现不佳的部分原因是，过去公司只在极端情况下才会任用他们。现在企业会于良辰择良才：去年，与业绩不佳的企业相比，业绩位居前25%的企业（通过股东总回报测算得出）雇佣了更多外来人士，而即将退休的那些外来者的任期比内部人员更长。通过持续不断地考量外来人士和内部人士，董事会拥有更多选择。更为重要的变革不是在于董事会有时决定从外部聘用人才，而是在于董事会在履行制定CEO继任计划这个最基本的职责时，他们正在变得更加游刃有余。早就应该如此了。 美国政党大会可谓是一场无与伦比的政治秀。来自左右翼的党内活跃人士聚集一堂提名各自的总统候选人，共和党高举保守主义旗帜,而民主党则为进步主义摇旗呐喊。然而，今年的政党大会有所不同。不单因为希拉里·克林顿成为主要政党提名的首位女性总统候选人，而且大会本身揭示了一个新政治分歧：政治斗争不再是左翼右翼之战，而是开放封闭之争。
in extremis 在危急关头
top quartile 前四分之一
about time 早该如此
converge 汇集，聚集
fault line 断层线，分歧
在第二个选段，“celebrate”发散成了“高举旗帜”和“摇旗呐喊”，虽然体现了文采，也更加生动，但这是否算是过度翻译，我个人持保留意见。
——强化创新引领作用，为发展注入强大动力。创新是引领发展的第一动力，必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，深入实施创新驱动发展战略。启动一批新的国家重大科技项目，建设一批高水平的国家科学中心和技术创新中心，培育壮大一批有国际竞争力的创新型领军企业。持续推动大众创业、万众创新。促进大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用。加快建设质量强国、制造强国。
--We should ensure that innovation better drives and energizes development. Innovation is the primary driving force for development and must occupy a central place in China’s development strategy, which is why we must implement a strategy of innovation-driven development. We should launch new national science and technology programs, build first-class national science centers and technological innovation hubs, and help develop internationally competitive high-innovation enterprises. We should make consistent efforts to encourage the public to start businesses and make innovations. We should promote the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things. We need to move faster to transform China into a manufacturer of advanced and quality products.
第一动力 primary driving force
创新驱动 innovation-driven
技术创新中心 technological innovation hubs
有国际竞争力的 internationally competitive
物联网 the Internet of Things
汉译英要尽可能减少汉语中的动词，转化成英语中的介词，名词，形容词等。“第一动力”用的是primary，“第一生产力”、“第一产业”也是用这个词。
Donald Trump, the Republican nominee, summed up one side of this divide with his usual pithiness. “Americanism, not globalism, will be our credo,” he declared. His anti-trade tirades were echoed by the Bernie Sanders wing of the Democratic Party. America is not alone. Across Europe, the politicians with momentum are those who argue that the world is a nasty, threatening place, and that wise nations should build walls to keep it out. Such arguments have helped elect an ultranationalist government in Hungary and a Polish one that offers a Trumpian mix of xenophobia and disregard for constitutional norms. Populist, authoritarian European parties of the right or left now enjoy nearly twice as much support as they did in 2000, and are in government or in a ruling coalition in nine countries. So far, Britain’s decision to leave the European Union has been the anti-globalists’ biggest prize: the vote in June to abandon the world’s most successful free-trade club was won by cynically pandering to voters’ insular instincts, splitting mainstream parties down the middle.
共和党提名人唐纳德•特朗普在演说中以一贯简练的口吻概括了其中一方的立场 ，宣称“我们的信条是美国主义而不是全球主义。”他抨击自由贸易的长篇大论引起了民主党内伯尼•桑德斯（Bernie Sanders）派的共鸣。美国并非个例。纵观欧洲，得势的政治家多为危言耸听之辈，他们把外界渲染得危机四伏，鼓吹明智的国家应该高墙耸立、与世隔绝。在此等言论的煽动下，匈牙利选出了一个极端民族主义的政府，而波兰新政权则推行着“川普式”的政策：主张仇外主义，藐视宪法原则。如今，奉行民粹主义和独裁主义的欧洲右翼或左翼政党获得的支持率比2000年高了近一倍，并渗透于欧洲九国的政府或执政联盟中。迄今为止，反全球主义者最大的成就是英国脱离欧盟：他们为一己私欲迎合英国选民保守的本性，致使英国在六月的公投中离开了这个世界上最成功的自由贸易俱乐部，各主流政党也因此一分为二。
pithiness 精炼，言简意赅
credo 信条
tirade 长篇激烈讲话
nasty 极差的，恶意的
ultranationalist 极端民族主义的
xenophobia 仇外
coalition 联合政府，联盟
pander to 迎合，投其所好
insular 只关心本国利益的，思想偏狭的，保守的
split sth down the middle 一分为二，一半一半
个人感觉这一段难度较大。想要避免误译，首先句式结构要划分清楚，另外美国大选和欧洲各国现状的背景知识也要有所了解。面对这样高大上的文章，单词似乎成了最不是问题的问题了。
把“一带一路”建设与区域开发开放结合起来，加强新亚欧大陆桥、陆海口岸支点建设。推进京津冀协同发展，在交通一体化、生态环保、产业升级转移等方面率先取得实质性突破。
We will integrate the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road with the development and opening up of related regions. We will promote development of the new Eurasian Continental Bridge as well as major coastal and border ports which serve as hubs for the Belt or the Road. We will step up coordinated development for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and ensure that the region takes the lead in making substantive breakthroughs in areas such as integrated transportation, ecological conservation, environmental protection, and industry upgrading and relocation.
亚欧大陆桥 Eurasian Continental Bridge
陆海口岸支点 major coastal and border ports
交通一体化 integrated transportation
率先 take the lead
实质性突破 substantive breakthrough
翻译很多时候不是对错的问题，而是好不好的问题。遇到好的表达大家要及时积累。
News that strengthens the anti-globalisers’ appeal comes almost daily. On July 26th two men claiming allegiance to Islamic State slit the throat of an 85-year-old Catholic priest in a church near Rouen. It was the latest in a string of terrorist atrocities in France and Germany. The danger is that a rising sense of insecurity will lead to more electoral victories for closed-world types. This is the gravest risk to the free world since communism. Nothing matters more than countering it. Start by remembering what is at stake. The multilateral system of institutions, rules and alliances, led by America, has underpinned global prosperity for seven decades. It enabled the rebuilding of post-war Europe, saw off the closed world of Soviet communism and, by connecting China to the global economy, brought about the greatest poverty reduction in history.
助长反全球化主义者气焰的新闻几乎天天见诸报端。7月26日，声称效忠于“伊斯兰国”的两名男子在鲁昂附近的一家教堂将85岁的天主教神父割喉杀害。在此之前，法国与德国已遭受一连串的恐怖袭击。这是十分危险的信号，因为持续发酵的恐惧将导致封闭阵营在选举中取得更多胜利。这是自由世界自共产主义之后面临的最严重的风险。如何应对该风险显得至关重要。 首先要知道面临风险的是什么。以美国为首的制度、规则、联盟所构成的多重体系，已经支撑了世界繁荣达70年。在该体系之下，欧洲得以战后重建，封闭的苏维埃共产主义势力分崩离析，中国也与全球经济接轨，创造了有史以来最伟大的脱贫记录。
allegiance 忠诚，效忠
a string of 一系列的
atrocity 残暴行为
比起昨天，今天文本的难度要友好很多，这就考验大家的中文功底了。BTW，我觉得这两段行文连接太流畅了，在写作中一定要多多学习借鉴。
2005年底前注册营运的黄标车要全部淘汰。积极应对气候变化，扩大碳排放权交易试点。 实施水污染防治行动计划，加强江河湖海水污染、水污染源和农业面源污染治理，实行从水源地到水龙头全过程监管。
This year we will remove from the roads all high-emission commercial vehicles registered before the end of 2005. We will actively respond to climate change and expand the trials for trading carbon emissions rights. We will implement the action plan for preventing and controlling water pollution; strengthen control over pollution in rivers, lakes, seas, water pollution sources, and pollution from nonpoint agricultural sources; and ensure the safety of drinking water by carrying out oversight over the whole process, from the source to the tap.
黄标车 high-emission commercial vehicles
积极应对 actively respond to
农业面源 nonpoint agricultural sources（非点源）
从水源地到水龙头 from the source to the tap
全过程监管 oversight over the whole process
“水污染治理”用的是control，“环境治理”用improve。黄标车是啥？直译说不清就解释一下咯，和前面“四省藏区”一样的。
In the United States, there’s no end to stories and listicles and books telling you how to work more productively so you can spend more time with your family or doing the things you love. In Japan, there’s not even a term for “work-life balance.” What there is, though, is a word for “death by overwork.” It’s “karoshi,” and it’s considered such an inevitable result of Japan’s notoriously grueling work culture that it’s hardly even discussed. But every year here, hundreds, maybe thousands, of Japanese people literally work themselves to death.
在美国，无数的文章书籍都在告诉我们如何更有效的工作，所以你能空出更多时间和家人在一起或者做自己喜欢的事。 在日本，根本没有一个词来形容“工作-生活的平衡”，却有一个词叫“过劳死（karoshi）”。这是日本无休止的工作文化的一个必然结果，人人心知肚明却很少被讨论。然而每年都有成百上千的日本人真的因过度工作致死。
notoriously 臭名昭著地
grueling 使人精疲力竭的，折磨人的
literally 真正地，确实地（强调事实可能令人惊讶）
Kiyotaka Serizawa was one of them. A year ago in July, the 34-year-old killed himself after working crazy hours — 90 hours a week during the last weeks of his life — at a company that does maintenance at apartment buildings. “His colleagues told me that they were amazed how much he worked,” his father, Kiyoshi Serizawa, said in an interview in their family home. “They said they’d never seen anyone who didn’t even own the company work so hard.”
芹泽清孝就是其中之一。 去年7月，34岁的芹泽清孝在连续一周疯狂工作了90小时之后自杀——死在了一家公寓维修公司。 “他的同事告诉我，他们对于他做了这么多感到惊讶，”他的父亲芹泽清在一次家庭访谈中说，“他们说他们从未见过一个人为了不是自己的公司如此努力工作。”
Japan has a working culture where spending long hours at the grindstone, or in compulsory socializing with superiors after work, is the norm. It began in the 1970s, when wages were relatively low and employees wanted to maximize their earnings. It continued through the boom years of the 1980s, when Japan became the world’s second-largest economy and everyone was on the juggernaut.
日本的工作文化是花大量时间做艰苦枯燥的工作，或者在下班之后强制性和上司出去社交，日本人将其视为必修课。 这个现象起始于1970年代，当时日本人工作相对较低，员工都想尽量多赚点钱。然后到了繁荣的1980年代，那时日本成为世界第二大经济体，人人都干劲十足。
grindstone 磨石
norm 常态
juggernaut 势不可挡的力量
And it remained after the bubble burst in the late 1990s, when companies began restructuring and employees stayed at work to try to ensure they weren’t laid off. Still, irregular workers — who worked without benefits or job security — were brought in, making the regular workers toil even harder. Now, no one blinks an eyelid at 12-hour-plus days.
到了1990年代后期经济泡沫破灭，公司重组，员工都坚守岗位以便能保住自己的饭碗。另外，没有福利和保险的派遣员工也加入到劳动力大军中，这令正职员工不得不更加努力工作。 如今，每天工作超过12小时都不叫事。
lay off 解雇
toil 辛勤工作
not blink an eyelid 眼都不眨一下
“In a Japanese workplace, overtime work is always there. It’s almost as if it is part of scheduled working hours,” said Koji Morioka, an emeritus professor at Kansai University who is on a committee of experts advising the government on ways to combat karoshi. “It’s not forced by anyone, but workers feel it like it’s compulsory.” While the basic workweek is 40 hours, many workers don’t put in for extra hours for fear of being given a bad performance evaluation. This has led to the concept of “service overtime” — “service” being Japanese for “free.”
“在日本职场中加班太常见了，就好像原本的工作时间就该这么长一样。”关西大学的退休教授盛冈浩二表示，他所在的专家委员会为政府提供咨询协助解决过劳死问题。“没有任何人逼你，但员工感觉这么做是必须的。”每周基本上班时间应该是40小时，很多职员并不是因为害怕工作表现得到差评才超时工作的。这是出于“超时服务”的观念——而“服务”则意味着“免费”。
emeritus professor 荣誉退休教授
This relentless schedule has led to karoshi — either from a fatal heart attack or stroke, or a suicide triggered by overwork — becoming a recognized cause of death. Labor ministry figures show that 189 deaths were classified this way last year, although experts think the actual number is in the thousands.
残酷的工作日程导致了过劳死——要么是致命的心脏病、中风，要么是因为加班导致的自杀——这已经成为一项被统计计入的死因。日本劳工部的统计数据表示，去年有过189例过劳导致的死亡，但专家认为实际数据应该上千。
relentless 不停的；无情的
Karoshi has long been considered a male problem, but advocates say they’re seeing an increasing number of women dying, almost always by killing themselves. The striking thing about them is that they’re very young, often in their 20s, said Hiroshi Kawahito, a lawyer and secretary-general of the National Defense Counsel for Victims of Karoshi, which fights for victims’ families.
过劳死长久以来一直被认为主要发生在男性身上，但研究者认为女性死亡案例正在增加，而且几乎都是自杀的。专门为死者遗属发声的“全国过劳死受害者法律顾问团”秘书长兼辩护律师藤原浩表示，最令人惊愕的是死者都很年轻，大多才20多岁。
个人感觉这一篇的难度并不大，但参考译文中偶有不严谨的地方，比如……many workers don’t put in for extra hours for fear of being……和This has led to the concept of “service overtime”。否定转移这个语法点大家可以多了解一下。
我也曾到过许多地方，可那梦中的天地却往往是苏州的小巷，我在这些小巷中走过千百遍，度过了漫长的时光；青春似乎是从这些小巷中流走的，它在脑子里冲刷出一条深深的沟，留下了极其难忘的印象。
I consider myself quite a seasoned traveler, but in my dreams I always find myself back in Suzhou, in the alleys that I had walked up and down thousands of times, alleys where I had spent a good part of my life. In fact, my entire youth had slipped by through them, leaving me with memories that will never fade.
seasoned 富有经验的
三十八年前，我穿着蓝布长衫，乘着一条木帆船闯进了苏州城外的一条小巷。这小巷铺着长长的石板，石板下还有流水淙淙作响。它的名称也叫街，可是两部黄包车相遇便无法交会过来；它的两边都是低矮的平房，晾衣裳的竹竿从这边的屋檐上搁到对面的屋檐上。那屋檐上砌着方形带洞的砖墩，看上去就像古城上的箭垛一样。
Thirty-eight years ago, wearing a blue long gown, I rode on a wooden junk all the way right up to a small alley outside Suzhou in my first venture into the city. The alley was paved with long flagstones under which flowed a murmuring stream. It was called a street, though two rickshaws running into each other could not pass side by side. It was flanked with low one-storey houses whose eaves on both sides of the alley were connected by bamboo poles over which clothes were hung out to dry. The eaves were adorned with square brick blocks with holes in them, looking like parapets on ancient city walls.
石板 flagstone
流水淙淙作响 murmuring stream
屋檐 eaves
adorn 装饰，装扮
这次周任务的汉译英很文艺，一看译文，也很文艺。做文学翻译，首先要对原文进行合理解读，把握原文意境和韵味，选好词和句式，并做好句子整合。比如“这小巷铺着长长的石板，石板下还有流水淙淙作响”有相同词汇，就可处理成定语从句。至于译文中一些地方脱离原文进行了再创作，这是大师级翻译的level，我等小辈还莫敢企及。