Week 9

DAY41

L11-1：Not guilty

Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

知识点：

单词：

guity/ˈgilti /有罪的；内疚的

源于guilt（不可数n.）
guiltier和guiltiest不常见，more guilty和most guilty更常见
find/be guity of sth犯……罪
feel guity about/at （not）doing sth 因做（没做）sth感到内疚、惭愧
- have feelings of guilt about sth
习语：
- a guilty secret见不得人的秘密
  - eg. I have no guilty secret to reveal. 我没有问心有愧的秘密可言。
- a guilt trip (informal)或直接简写成guilt things you say to sb in order to make them feel guilty about sth
  - eg. Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.
    　别让你孩子对学业自责不迭。
  - eg. I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
    　我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
  - eg. She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children and going to work.
    　她因离开自己的孩子去工作而感到内疚。
  - eg. I had a guilty conscience and could not sleep.
    　我问心有愧，睡不着觉。（opp→clear conscience问心无愧）
- not guilty（[法]正式）无罪
  - eg. [as modifier做修饰语]the judge directed the jury to return a not guilty verdict.
    法官命令陪审团重新作出无罪的裁决。
场景扩展：the guilty party有罪一方，当事人；guilty tools犯罪工具；guilty person罪人；guilty knowledge犯罪意识；
surrender oneself自首
guilty的opp→innocent；guilt的opp→innocence

tolerant/ˈtɔlərənt; NAmE ˈtɑːl- /

be tolerant of/towards sb/sth忍受的，容忍的，宽容的
be tolerant of sth（of plants, animals or machines）植物动物机器耐……的，能在困难条件下生存（或操作）的
- eg. The plants are tolerant of frost. 这些植物耐霜。
tolerate/ ˈtɔləreit; NAmE ˈtɑːl- / vt.容忍；忍耐

辨析tolerant内涵主动；tolerable含义被动
Tolerable的意思是“可容忍的”、“尚好的”或“尚可的”（that can be tolerated of fairly good）
Tolerant的意思是“容忍的”、“宽大的”或“宽容的”（having or showing tolerance）
eg. Your blunders are not tolerable.你的过失是不可容忍的。
eg. He is in tolerable health．他的健康尚好。
eg. He has tolerable income in Hong Kong．他在香港的收入还不错。
eg. He is tolerant of your errors．他能宽容你的错误。
tolerate→n. toleration容忍的行为
tolerant→n. tolerance容忍的态度
eg. Her toleration of his brazen attitude is enough to show her great tolerance．她容忍了他厚颜无耻的态度，足以显示她的宽容。

declare/ diˈkleə(r) ; NAmE diˈkler /

（正式）公布，宣布，表明，宣称

declare against/for sb/sth声明反对/支援……
declare war on向……宣战
eg. （海关过关场景）Have you anything to declare?您有什么需要申报的吗？
eg. Do you have anything to declare？
n.→declaration/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/宣言
独立宣言：the Declaration of Independence

辨析state，declare，announce，indicate表明，宣称，宣布
state ：(rather formal) to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way 指陈述、说明、声明： eg. He has already stated his intention to run for election. 他已声明打算参加竞选。
indicate ：(rather formal) to state sth, sometimes in a way that is slightly indirect 指表明、暗示： eg. During our meeting, he indicated his willingness to cooperate. 在我们会晤期间，他提及了合作的意愿。
declare : (rather formal) to say sth officially or publicly; to state sth firmly and clearly，Declare is used more often for giving judgements较常用于表明意见、看法
announce :to tell people officially about a decision or plans; to give information about sth in a public place, especially through a loudspeaker; to say sth in a loud and / or serious way 指宣布、宣告、（通过广播）通知，announce is used more often for giving facts.较常用于说明事实：
eg. Has our flight been announced yet? 广播通知了我们的航班没有？
eg. ~~The painting was announced to be a forgery.~~
The painting was declared to be a forgery. 这幅画被判定为赝品。
~~They haven't formally declared their engagement yet.~~
They haven't formally announced their engagement yet. 他们还没有正式宣布订婚。

hardened /ˈhɑː(r)d(ə)nd/ adj.

hard→harden→hardened很坚硬的→老练的；顽固不化的；麻木不仁的；硬化的
hardened criminal惯犯，老手/police officer etc老练的警察
其他扩展：
- done-time坐过牢的
- a tough guy（俚）黑社会老大
- sophisticated 精通人情世故的；老练的；圆滑的
- veteran/ˈvetərən/老手，老兵，退伍军人
  - a veteran teacher/a teaching veteran : an experienced teacher
- experienced有经验的
- man of the world精通世故的人
become hardened (to sth) to become used to something shocking because you have seen it many times (对某事)变得麻木（无动于衷）

professional

探索occupational，vocational，professional，work职业
the terminology in the field is not strictly demarcated，but tendencies can be identified.
occupational与技能相关的领域，such as the mental industry,health care, banking services ,and agriculture.
vocational更与个人方面相关，含教育培训别人之意。has connotations of personal commitment，perhaps involving a mission to take care of or educate other people.
professional 更常见一些，多指与工作相关的职业雇员、专业雇员，他们从事的不是hobby-like activities，日常工作对话中常指与高等职业技能相关的职业和工作，需要高价值的经验，而这些又往往需要通过高等教育实现，所以有professionals做n专业人士，专业人才的用法，而护士和教师则是半专业性人才（介于业余和专业之间）interstingly，in everyday speech the term professional is often connected to high status vocations that demand the kind of highly valued expertise gained through higher education。thus，lawyer and medical doctors physicans are often seen as professionals，while teachers and nurses may be seen more as semi-professionals or borderline professionals.
work表示职业，跟 professional含义十分相近, 似乎更常见，as used in the more general（non-evaluative）sense，but it tends to refer to more concrete具体，有形的 or everyday work activities。in its most comprehensive connotation it overlaps with the concept of work-related identity，which covers also the role of work in the subject’s entire life-sphere,and includes also free time and family life.
eg. professional teacher职业教师
occupational school技术学校
vocational school技术学校
regular lawyer职业律师
prize-fighter职业拳击手
career diplomat职业外交家
work ethic职业道德
industrial disease职业病

smuggler/'smʌɡlə/

n. someone who takes something illegally from one country to another 走私者
- eg. a drug smuggler 毒品走私者
- =trafficker/'træfɪkə/毒贩or drug trafficker

词组：

customs officer 海关官员

customs海关，不可数n，海关的，进出口的adj
at/through customs与介词at或through连用
clear/go through customs
customs declaration/form

the Green Channel 绿色通道，指海关专供没有携带征税物品进关的旅客所走的通道

green eyed眼红了
green back美钞
green card绿卡
green house effect温室效应

句式：

Even really honest people are often made to feel guity.

(be made to do sth. 被迫去做某事）

甚至是最诚实的人也常被弄得觉得有罪似的。

长难句、语法：

The hardened professional smuggler , on the other hand , is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

even if 引导让步状语从句，翻译成“即使”；on the other hand 表层意思是，另一方面，在这里翻译成，而；hidden 是过去分词作后置定语修饰watches,翻译成，在手提箱里藏着

精妙翻译：

have nothing to declare

没有任何东西需要申报时，declare v.翻译成宣布，声明，在这里译为需要申报很符合语境。

The hardened professional smuggler , on the other hand , is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

而老练的职业走私犯即使在手提箱里藏着500只金表，却也处之泰然。even if 引导让步状语从句，翻译成“即使”；on the other hand 表层意思是，另一方面，在这里翻译成，而；hidden 是过去分词作后置定语修饰watches,翻译成，在手提箱里藏着；is never troubled by such feelings,直译为，不被这样的感觉困扰，文中翻译成，处之泰然，翻译得恰到好处。

DAY42

L11-2：Not guilty

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye.

'No', I answered confidently.

'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?'

'Not at all,' I answered.

The Officer went through the case with great care. All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.

知识点：

单词：

officious /ə'fɪʃəs/ adj.

too eager to tell people what to do - used to show disapproval 爱发号施令的，好管闲事的(含贬义)
- eg. an officious traffic warden 一名爱发号施令的交通督导员

dreadful /'dredfəl/ adj.≈terrible

extremely unpleasant 糟糕透顶的，极其讨厌的
- eg. We’ve had some dreadful weather lately. 最近我们这里的天气糟透了。
- eg. Michelle felt absolutely dreadful (= very ill ) . 米歇尔感觉病得很厉害。
（only before noun 仅用于名词前） used to emphasize how bad something or someone is 极糟的，可怕的（形容糟糕的程度）
- eg. a dreadful mistake
  可怕的错误

词组：

return from abroad 出国归来

look sb in the eye 直盯着某人看

=look sb. in the face= stare sb. in the eye=look directly at sb. look at sb in the eye (×)

常用于否定式和一般时态

go through

1.pass by；2.look over carefully；3.suffer from or experience sth bad；4.use sth up ；5.a law, plan or deal is officially accepted or approved.

with great care

=carefully 十分仔细地，前者更书面语

be in a dreadful mess

乱七八糟，混乱透了 =be messy；be in an awful mess；be in a terrible mess；at sixes and sevens乱七八糟；in disorder混乱骚乱；be in chaos大混沌，大混乱

辨析mess，disorder，chaos，confusion，turmoil，turbulence各种乱
mess “混乱”、“杂乱”，普通用词，指不整齐或无秩序的状态。也可指思想、工作、生活等的秩序被打乱的状态。mess 前常用不定冠词“a”。 in a mess 是固定短语。
eg. The children have made an awful mess in the lounge. 孩子们把起居室弄得凌乱不凌堪。
eg. The accounts of the company are simply in a terrible mess. 这家公司的财务简直弄得一团糟。
disorder（formal）“混乱”、“杂乱”、“骚乱”，指因受到干扰，原有的正常秩序或安排被打乱，或指东西的杂乱；也可指社会秩序的混乱或骚乱；还常用于表示身体不适，出小毛病。常用短语是in disorder。
eg. The war was over, but the whole country was in a state of disorder.战争虽然结束了,但是整个国家都处在混乱的状态。
eg. He's suffering from severe mental disorder。他患有严重的精神病。
chaos “混乱”，语气极强，指绝对的、令人无能为力或感到绝望的混乱状态。in chaos是固定短语,无任何修饰词。
eg. Economic chaos in Greece is now being supplemented by political chaos.希腊经济上一团糟，现在又加上政治上陷入了混乱。
confusion “混乱”，普通用词，指东西的凌乱，杂乱无章，也可指无秩序状态（尤指因很多事情同时发生造成的混乱局面）;还可指思想混乱，脑子不清楚，表示““混淆”、“困惑”。in confusion 是固定短语。
eg. After he had finished packing his luggage, the whole room was in confusion（in a mess）.他打点行李后，整个房间被弄得乱乱七八糟。
eg. If your mind is in a state of confusion, you do not know what to believe or what you should do. 如果你的处于困惑状态,你就不知道该相信什么或者你应该做什么。
turmoil/ˈtɜːmɔɪl /
turbulence/ˈtəːbjələns/
这两个词也有“混乱”的意思。turmoil 可指“混乱状态”，也可指经济、政治的 “动荡”、“动乱”;turbulence 多指“骚乱”、“动乱”，语气较重。
eg. Ever since Mother went to the hospital, the house has been in turmoil（in a mess）.自从母亲去医院以来，整栋房子里都是乱七八糟的)。
eg. He said that the policy needs to be adjusted when the global financial market is in a intensified turmoil.他说如果全球金融市场动荡加剧，这个政策就需要调整。
eg. Most business executives these days would agree that companies operate in an era of exceptional turbulence.目前企业正处于一个异常动荡的时代，多数企业高管都会赞同这一说法。

句式：

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

最近一次，我出国归来，碰上一位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成了走私犯。 regard ...as ...把...看做/当做...

Would you mind uplocking this suitcase please?

请打开这只手提箱好吗？ would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗？

长难句、语法：

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

最近一次，我出国归来，碰上一位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成了走私犯。 regard ...as ...把...看做/当做... ；when 引导时间状语从句，recently也表示时间，所以要错开翻译

All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.

I had packed so carefully 是定语从句，修饰things, 省略了关系代词，因为关系代词在定语从句中做宾语可以省略，翻译时常翻译在先行词（such as things) 前

精妙翻译：

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

最近一次，我出国归来，碰上一位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成了走私犯。
相关翻译和说明
该句翻译时译成了三个小句，recently提前翻译成，最近一次；在主句前加上了，碰到，将主句分成了两个小句，更加通俗易懂，简洁明了。

I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.

我相信那箱子再也关不上了。该句将宾语提前翻译成主语，将句子的主语省略，更符合文章语境。

Day 43

L11-3：Not guilty

Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight. 'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.' 'But it isn't perfume,' I said. 'It's hair gel.' Then I added with a smile, 'It's a strange mixture I make myself.'

知识点：

单词：

pounce /'paʊns/ v与介词on连用

-ounce结尾的词常含有快速的动作：bounce（迅速反复）弹起，trounce痛打，击败
常用于一般时态中
vi. to suddenly move forward and attack someone or something, after waiting to attack them 猛扑，突然袭击
- eg. The cat was hiding in the bushes, ready to pounce. 猫躲在灌木丛中，准备扑上去。
- eg. Kevin pounced on Liam and started hitting him. 凯文猛然扑向利亚姆并动手打他。
pounce on sb/sth phr v
- to criticize someone’s mistakes or ideas very quickly and eagerly 急于批评(某人的错误或想法)，喜欢挑（毛病）
  - eg. Teachers are quick to pounce on students’ grammatical errors.
    老师一眼就能看出学生的语法错误，并立即指正。
- to eagerly take an opportunity as soon as it becomes available 抓住(机会)
  - eg. When they offered O’Leary the chance to become manager, he pounced on it.他们给奥利里一个机会让他当经理，他马上就接受了。

perfume英/ ˈpəːfjuːm/;美/pərˈfjuːm /

香水，BrE用scent，美式用perfume

scent还有“自然香，（肉）香”之意
toilet香水，小洗手间
toilet water： scented water for use on the skin, esp after washing 花露水
fragrant芬芳的
- flagrant臭名昭著的

sarcastically /sɑ:'kæstɪkli/ adv.讽刺地，挖苦地

a sarcastic remark
acid adj酸性的：an acid comment
bitter words尖酸刻薄的话
a sting in one’s words话中带刺

exempt / ɪɡ'zempt /

adj. not affected by something, or not having to do it or pay it 被免除（义务）的，获豁免的
v. to give someone permission not to do or pay something 免除，豁免
exempt sb from sth
- eg. Charities are exempted from paying the tax.
  慈善团体免付这项税款。
- eg. a document that exempts the owner from liability in case of accidents
  发生事故时免除业主责任的文件
REGISTER 语体
In everyday British English, people usually say let sb off (doing) sth rather than exempt sb from (doing) sth . 在日常英国英语中，人们一般说let sb off (doing) sth，而不说exempt sb from (doing) sth
- eg. Living abroad doesn’t necessarily let you off paying tax.
  在国外居住不一定可以不缴税。

gel/ dʒel/

n. a thick wet substance that is used in beauty or cleaning products (美容或清洁产品中的)凝胶，冻胶
- eg. hair gel发胶; shower gel沐浴露
v. ( gelled , gelling )(又jell 尤AmE )
vi. if a thought, plan etc gels, it becomes clearer or more definite (想法、计划等)成形，变明确
- eg. Don’t start writing until the idea has gelled in your mind.
  脑子里有了明确的想法后再动笔写。
( 又jell 尤AmE )vi. if two or more people gel, they start working well together as a group (人)开始结为一体，开始联手
- eg. After two days, the group gelled into a team.
  两天之后，这群人就组成了一支团结的团队。
+ with
- eg. He did not gel with Chapman.
  他和查普曼没能顺利合作。
vi. if a liquid gels, it becomes firmer or thicker 形成胶体，胶化，胶凝
vt. to put gel into your hair 给〔头发〕上发胶
- eg. gelled hair

词组：

light up 照亮，点亮

主语常face/eye：to cheer up or become excited suddenly

at the bottom of 在...的底部

pounce on 突然抓住，猛然抓住

be exempt from 免除，豁免

hair gel 发胶

with a smile 面带微笑

with delight 高兴地

句式：

You should have declared that.

should have done sth 本应该做某事，事实上却没做

精妙翻译：

Suddenly , I saw the Officer's face light up.

突然，我看到官员脸上露出了得意的神色。light up 本意是点亮，照亮，这里用来修饰脸，译成“露出了得意的神色”，既巧妙又复合语境。

He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.

他在我的箱底发现了一只小瓶，高兴地一把抓了起来。
用spot来表示“发现，看到”，其实这个动作很难，借此讽刺officer的做法，用pounce on动物捕食，猛扑，突然抓住，形容the officer 的发现a tiny bottle 后的动作，形象生动
with delight=delightedly 高兴地 , 类似的表示情绪的名词或者一些抽象名词都有此用法，例如，with fluency = fluently, in amazement = amazedly etc.

Perfume is not exempt from import duty.

香水要上进口税的。本句将否定句译成了肯定句，直译应该是香水没有被免除进口税，这样翻译更能体现文中Officer 得意的感觉。

DAY44

L11-4：Not guilty

As I expected, he did not believe me.

'Try it!' I said encouragingly.

The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage.

知识点：

单词：

unscrew/ ʌn'skruː/

to open something by twisting it 拧开，旋开
to take the screws out of something 从〔某物中〕旋出螺钉

nostril n [C] 英/ 'nɒstrɪl/ 美/ 'nɑstrəl /

one of the two holes at the end of your nose, through which you breathe and smell things 鼻孔
eg. The smell of gunpowder filled his nostrils.
火药味灌进他的鼻孔。
eg. the horse’s flaring nostrils
马儿张大的鼻孔

词组：

hurry away 匆匆离开（等于hurry off）

eg. People are hurrying away the room after the boring meeting.

句式：

As I expected , he did not believe me .果然不出所料，他并不相信我。课后题替换：he was incredible/incredulous/sceptical(√)

incredulous/inˈkredjələs/因太震惊，惊奇，感到不可信而怀疑。
sceptical=skeptical(AmE)因不确定而怀疑。
be sceptical about sth=doubt about sth

put sth to one’s nostrils把sth放到鼻子底下

be greeted by扑面而来，一股……袭来

精妙翻译：

As I expected , he did not believe me.

果不出所料，他并不相信我。（as I expected 翻译的简洁明了）

‘Try it !’ I said encouragingly.

“你就闻一闻吧！” 我催促说。（翻译的特别符合语镜）

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth.

一股怪味袭来，使他相信了我说的是真话。（被动语态翻译成主动，使翻译更生动，同时将定语从句拆分成小句翻译，使翻译简洁易懂）

A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage .

几分钟后，我终于被放行，手提划着宝贵的粉笔记号的行李，匆匆离去。（句子中补出了，终于被放行，译的巧妙，with 复合结构补出，手提划着，同样巧妙）

DAY45

L12-1:Life on a desert island

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.

知识点：

单词：

desert

n./ˈdezət/沙漠；荒原；荒漠
- eg. the Sahara/səˈherə/ Desert撒哈拉大沙漠
adj.无人居住的
vt./diˈzəːt/离开；舍弃；背离
发音相同dessert/diˈzəːt/饭后甜点

paradise/ˈpærədais/ 天堂;乐土；伊甸园

heaven：代替god；not only happy but high上帝和神呆的地方，人死后去的地方
paradise：only happy；某些宗教中的天堂，人死后去的地方；人呆的地方∴也在基督教圣经中the garden of Eden=Paradise指伊甸园
胜地：a shopper’s paradise

be in seventh heaven: be extremely happy
a never-never land：世外桃源

词组：

a sort of

当谈到不确定的，含糊的东西用这个词组
- eg. It’s a sort of joke.
区别sort of：I sort of love him.可能有点儿喜欢他吧。
It takes all sorts（to make a world）不可思议
：to say that sb is behaving in a strange or crazy way

simple and good既简单又美好

the simple life没有任何问题的美好生活

句式：

form a … picture of …对……有……想法

eg. form an unrealistic picture of
If you have a picture of something in your mind, you have a clear idea or memory of it in your mind as if you were actually seeing it.

The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.另一种想法恰恰相反。

在文中是承上启下的过渡句，引出截然不同的新内容。
- eg. I think quite the opposite.
be quite the opposite=be totally different.
引申on the contrary，…与此相反，…
示范：
- Rory is always on time for work. On the contrary, Vicki is always late. （×）
- Rory is always on time for work. By contrast , Vicki is always late. （√）

image sth to be A 想象sth成A

精妙翻译：

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.
- 我们许多人对于荒岛生活有一种不切实际的想法。
- picture这里要拿捏好，不是图片也不是情景，翻译成“想法”，form也不能直译。
We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.
- 我们有时想象荒岛是阳光终日普照的天堂。
The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.
- 另一种想法恰恰相反。

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Week 9

DAY41

L11-1：Not guilty

知识点：

单词：

guity/ˈgilti /有罪的；内疚的

源于guilt（不可数n.）
guiltier和guiltiest不常见，more guilty和most guilty更常见
find/be guity of sth犯……罪
feel guity about/at （not）doing sth 因做（没做）sth感到内疚、惭愧
- have feelings of guilt about sth
习语：
- a guilty secret见不得人的秘密
  - eg. I have no guilty secret to reveal. 我没有问心有愧的秘密可言。
- a guilt trip (informal)或直接简写成guilt things you say to sb in order to make them feel guilty about sth
  - eg. Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.
    　别让你孩子对学业自责不迭。
  - eg. I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
    　我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
  - eg. She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children and going to work.
    　她因离开自己的孩子去工作而感到内疚。
  - eg. I had a guilty conscience and could not sleep.
    　我问心有愧，睡不着觉。（opp→clear conscience问心无愧）
- not guilty（[法]正式）无罪
  - eg. [as modifier做修饰语]the judge directed the jury to return a not guilty verdict.
    法官命令陪审团重新作出无罪的裁决。
场景扩展：the guilty party有罪一方，当事人；guilty tools犯罪工具；guilty person罪人；guilty knowledge犯罪意识；
surrender oneself自首
guilty的opp→innocent；guilt的opp→innocence

tolerant/ˈtɔlərənt; NAmE ˈtɑːl- /

be tolerant of/towards sb/sth忍受的，容忍的，宽容的
be tolerant of sth（of plants, animals or machines）植物动物机器耐……的，能在困难条件下生存（或操作）的
- eg. The plants are tolerant of frost. 这些植物耐霜。
tolerate/ ˈtɔləreit; NAmE ˈtɑːl- / vt.容忍；忍耐

辨析tolerant内涵主动；tolerable含义被动
Tolerable的意思是“可容忍的”、“尚好的”或“尚可的”（that can be tolerated of fairly good）
Tolerant的意思是“容忍的”、“宽大的”或“宽容的”（having or showing tolerance）
eg. Your blunders are not tolerable.你的过失是不可容忍的。
eg. He is in tolerable health．他的健康尚好。
eg. He has tolerable income in Hong Kong．他在香港的收入还不错。
eg. He is tolerant of your errors．他能宽容你的错误。
tolerate→n. toleration容忍的行为
tolerant→n. tolerance容忍的态度
eg. Her toleration of his brazen attitude is enough to show her great tolerance．她容忍了他厚颜无耻的态度，足以显示她的宽容。

declare/ diˈkleə(r) ; NAmE diˈkler /

（正式）公布，宣布，表明，宣称

declare against/for sb/sth声明反对/支援……
declare war on向……宣战
eg. （海关过关场景）Have you anything to declare?您有什么需要申报的吗？
eg. Do you have anything to declare？
n.→declaration/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/宣言
独立宣言：the Declaration of Independence

辨析state，declare，announce，indicate表明，宣称，宣布
state ：(rather formal) to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way 指陈述、说明、声明： eg. He has already stated his intention to run for election. 他已声明打算参加竞选。
indicate ：(rather formal) to state sth, sometimes in a way that is slightly indirect 指表明、暗示： eg. During our meeting, he indicated his willingness to cooperate. 在我们会晤期间，他提及了合作的意愿。
declare : (rather formal) to say sth officially or publicly; to state sth firmly and clearly，Declare is used more often for giving judgements较常用于表明意见、看法
announce :to tell people officially about a decision or plans; to give information about sth in a public place, especially through a loudspeaker; to say sth in a loud and / or serious way 指宣布、宣告、（通过广播）通知，announce is used more often for giving facts.较常用于说明事实：
eg. Has our flight been announced yet? 广播通知了我们的航班没有？
eg. ~~The painting was announced to be a forgery.~~
The painting was declared to be a forgery. 这幅画被判定为赝品。
~~They haven't formally declared their engagement yet.~~
They haven't formally announced their engagement yet. 他们还没有正式宣布订婚。

hardened /ˈhɑː(r)d(ə)nd/ adj.

hard→harden→hardened很坚硬的→老练的；顽固不化的；麻木不仁的；硬化的
hardened criminal惯犯，老手/police officer etc老练的警察
其他扩展：
- done-time坐过牢的
- a tough guy（俚）黑社会老大
- sophisticated 精通人情世故的；老练的；圆滑的
- veteran/ˈvetərən/老手，老兵，退伍军人
  - a veteran teacher/a teaching veteran : an experienced teacher
- experienced有经验的
- man of the world精通世故的人
become hardened (to sth) to become used to something shocking because you have seen it many times (对某事)变得麻木（无动于衷）

professional

探索occupational，vocational，professional，work职业
the terminology in the field is not strictly demarcated，but tendencies can be identified.
occupational与技能相关的领域，such as the mental industry,health care, banking services ,and agriculture.
vocational更与个人方面相关，含教育培训别人之意。has connotations of personal commitment，perhaps involving a mission to take care of or educate other people.
professional 更常见一些，多指与工作相关的职业雇员、专业雇员，他们从事的不是hobby-like activities，日常工作对话中常指与高等职业技能相关的职业和工作，需要高价值的经验，而这些又往往需要通过高等教育实现，所以有professionals做n专业人士，专业人才的用法，而护士和教师则是半专业性人才（介于业余和专业之间）interstingly，in everyday speech the term professional is often connected to high status vocations that demand the kind of highly valued expertise gained through higher education。thus，lawyer and medical doctors physicans are often seen as professionals，while teachers and nurses may be seen more as semi-professionals or borderline professionals.
work表示职业，跟 professional含义十分相近, 似乎更常见，as used in the more general（non-evaluative）sense，but it tends to refer to more concrete具体，有形的 or everyday work activities。in its most comprehensive connotation it overlaps with the concept of work-related identity，which covers also the role of work in the subject’s entire life-sphere,and includes also free time and family life.
eg. professional teacher职业教师
occupational school技术学校
vocational school技术学校
regular lawyer职业律师
prize-fighter职业拳击手
career diplomat职业外交家
work ethic职业道德
industrial disease职业病

smuggler/'smʌɡlə/

n. someone who takes something illegally from one country to another 走私者
- eg. a drug smuggler 毒品走私者
- =trafficker/'træfɪkə/毒贩or drug trafficker

词组：

customs officer 海关官员

customs海关，不可数n，海关的，进出口的adj
at/through customs与介词at或through连用
clear/go through customs
customs declaration/form

the Green Channel 绿色通道，指海关专供没有携带征税物品进关的旅客所走的通道

green eyed眼红了
green back美钞
green card绿卡
green house effect温室效应

句式：

Even really honest people are often made to feel guity.

(be made to do sth. 被迫去做某事）

甚至是最诚实的人也常被弄得觉得有罪似的。

长难句、语法：

The hardened professional smuggler , on the other hand , is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

even if 引导让步状语从句，翻译成“即使”；on the other hand 表层意思是，另一方面，在这里翻译成，而；hidden 是过去分词作后置定语修饰watches,翻译成，在手提箱里藏着

精妙翻译：

have nothing to declare

没有任何东西需要申报时，declare v.翻译成宣布，声明，在这里译为需要申报很符合语境。

The hardened professional smuggler , on the other hand , is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

而老练的职业走私犯即使在手提箱里藏着500只金表，却也处之泰然。even if 引导让步状语从句，翻译成“即使”；on the other hand 表层意思是，另一方面，在这里翻译成，而；hidden 是过去分词作后置定语修饰watches,翻译成，在手提箱里藏着；is never troubled by such feelings,直译为，不被这样的感觉困扰，文中翻译成，处之泰然，翻译得恰到好处。

DAY42

L11-2：Not guilty

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye.

'No', I answered confidently.

'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?'

'Not at all,' I answered.

The Officer went through the case with great care. All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.

知识点：

单词：

officious /ə'fɪʃəs/ adj.

too eager to tell people what to do - used to show disapproval 爱发号施令的，好管闲事的(含贬义)
- eg. an officious traffic warden 一名爱发号施令的交通督导员

dreadful /'dredfəl/ adj.≈terrible

extremely unpleasant 糟糕透顶的，极其讨厌的
- eg. We’ve had some dreadful weather lately. 最近我们这里的天气糟透了。
- eg. Michelle felt absolutely dreadful (= very ill ) . 米歇尔感觉病得很厉害。
（only before noun 仅用于名词前） used to emphasize how bad something or someone is 极糟的，可怕的（形容糟糕的程度）
- eg. a dreadful mistake
  可怕的错误

词组：

return from abroad 出国归来

look sb in the eye 直盯着某人看

=look sb. in the face= stare sb. in the eye=look directly at sb. look at sb in the eye (×)

常用于否定式和一般时态

go through

1.pass by；2.look over carefully；3.suffer from or experience sth bad；4.use sth up ；5.a law, plan or deal is officially accepted or approved.

with great care

=carefully 十分仔细地，前者更书面语

be in a dreadful mess

乱七八糟，混乱透了 =be messy；be in an awful mess；be in a terrible mess；at sixes and sevens乱七八糟；in disorder混乱骚乱；be in chaos大混沌，大混乱

辨析mess，disorder，chaos，confusion，turmoil，turbulence各种乱
mess “混乱”、“杂乱”，普通用词，指不整齐或无秩序的状态。也可指思想、工作、生活等的秩序被打乱的状态。mess 前常用不定冠词“a”。 in a mess 是固定短语。
eg. The children have made an awful mess in the lounge. 孩子们把起居室弄得凌乱不凌堪。
eg. The accounts of the company are simply in a terrible mess. 这家公司的财务简直弄得一团糟。
disorder（formal）“混乱”、“杂乱”、“骚乱”，指因受到干扰，原有的正常秩序或安排被打乱，或指东西的杂乱；也可指社会秩序的混乱或骚乱；还常用于表示身体不适，出小毛病。常用短语是in disorder。
eg. The war was over, but the whole country was in a state of disorder.战争虽然结束了,但是整个国家都处在混乱的状态。
eg. He's suffering from severe mental disorder。他患有严重的精神病。
chaos “混乱”，语气极强，指绝对的、令人无能为力或感到绝望的混乱状态。in chaos是固定短语,无任何修饰词。
eg. Economic chaos in Greece is now being supplemented by political chaos.希腊经济上一团糟，现在又加上政治上陷入了混乱。
confusion “混乱”，普通用词，指东西的凌乱，杂乱无章，也可指无秩序状态（尤指因很多事情同时发生造成的混乱局面）;还可指思想混乱，脑子不清楚，表示““混淆”、“困惑”。in confusion 是固定短语。
eg. After he had finished packing his luggage, the whole room was in confusion（in a mess）.他打点行李后，整个房间被弄得乱乱七八糟。
eg. If your mind is in a state of confusion, you do not know what to believe or what you should do. 如果你的处于困惑状态,你就不知道该相信什么或者你应该做什么。
turmoil/ˈtɜːmɔɪl /
turbulence/ˈtəːbjələns/
这两个词也有“混乱”的意思。turmoil 可指“混乱状态”，也可指经济、政治的 “动荡”、“动乱”;turbulence 多指“骚乱”、“动乱”，语气较重。
eg. Ever since Mother went to the hospital, the house has been in turmoil（in a mess）.自从母亲去医院以来，整栋房子里都是乱七八糟的)。
eg. He said that the policy needs to be adjusted when the global financial market is in a intensified turmoil.他说如果全球金融市场动荡加剧，这个政策就需要调整。
eg. Most business executives these days would agree that companies operate in an era of exceptional turbulence.目前企业正处于一个异常动荡的时代，多数企业高管都会赞同这一说法。

句式：

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

最近一次，我出国归来，碰上一位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成了走私犯。 regard ...as ...把...看做/当做...

Would you mind uplocking this suitcase please?

请打开这只手提箱好吗？ would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗？

长难句、语法：

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

最近一次，我出国归来，碰上一位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成了走私犯。 regard ...as ...把...看做/当做... ；when 引导时间状语从句，recently也表示时间，所以要错开翻译

All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.

I had packed so carefully 是定语从句，修饰things, 省略了关系代词，因为关系代词在定语从句中做宾语可以省略，翻译时常翻译在先行词（such as things) 前

精妙翻译：

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

最近一次，我出国归来，碰上一位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成了走私犯。
相关翻译和说明
该句翻译时译成了三个小句，recently提前翻译成，最近一次；在主句前加上了，碰到，将主句分成了两个小句，更加通俗易懂，简洁明了。

I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.

我相信那箱子再也关不上了。该句将宾语提前翻译成主语，将句子的主语省略，更符合文章语境。

Day 43

L11-3：Not guilty

知识点：

单词：

pounce /'paʊns/ v与介词on连用

-ounce结尾的词常含有快速的动作：bounce（迅速反复）弹起，trounce痛打，击败
常用于一般时态中
vi. to suddenly move forward and attack someone or something, after waiting to attack them 猛扑，突然袭击
- eg. The cat was hiding in the bushes, ready to pounce. 猫躲在灌木丛中，准备扑上去。
- eg. Kevin pounced on Liam and started hitting him. 凯文猛然扑向利亚姆并动手打他。
pounce on sb/sth phr v
- to criticize someone’s mistakes or ideas very quickly and eagerly 急于批评(某人的错误或想法)，喜欢挑（毛病）
  - eg. Teachers are quick to pounce on students’ grammatical errors.
    老师一眼就能看出学生的语法错误，并立即指正。
- to eagerly take an opportunity as soon as it becomes available 抓住(机会)
  - eg. When they offered O’Leary the chance to become manager, he pounced on it.他们给奥利里一个机会让他当经理，他马上就接受了。

perfume英/ ˈpəːfjuːm/;美/pərˈfjuːm /

香水，BrE用scent，美式用perfume

scent还有“自然香，（肉）香”之意
toilet香水，小洗手间
toilet water： scented water for use on the skin, esp after washing 花露水
fragrant芬芳的
- flagrant臭名昭著的

sarcastically /sɑ:'kæstɪkli/ adv.讽刺地，挖苦地

a sarcastic remark
acid adj酸性的：an acid comment
bitter words尖酸刻薄的话
a sting in one’s words话中带刺

exempt / ɪɡ'zempt /

adj. not affected by something, or not having to do it or pay it 被免除（义务）的，获豁免的
v. to give someone permission not to do or pay something 免除，豁免
exempt sb from sth
- eg. Charities are exempted from paying the tax.
  慈善团体免付这项税款。
- eg. a document that exempts the owner from liability in case of accidents
  发生事故时免除业主责任的文件
REGISTER 语体
In everyday British English, people usually say let sb off (doing) sth rather than exempt sb from (doing) sth . 在日常英国英语中，人们一般说let sb off (doing) sth，而不说exempt sb from (doing) sth
- eg. Living abroad doesn’t necessarily let you off paying tax.
  在国外居住不一定可以不缴税。

gel/ dʒel/

n. a thick wet substance that is used in beauty or cleaning products (美容或清洁产品中的)凝胶，冻胶
- eg. hair gel发胶; shower gel沐浴露
v. ( gelled , gelling )(又jell 尤AmE )
vi. if a thought, plan etc gels, it becomes clearer or more definite (想法、计划等)成形，变明确
- eg. Don’t start writing until the idea has gelled in your mind.
  脑子里有了明确的想法后再动笔写。
( 又jell 尤AmE )vi. if two or more people gel, they start working well together as a group (人)开始结为一体，开始联手
- eg. After two days, the group gelled into a team.
  两天之后，这群人就组成了一支团结的团队。
+ with
- eg. He did not gel with Chapman.
  他和查普曼没能顺利合作。
vi. if a liquid gels, it becomes firmer or thicker 形成胶体，胶化，胶凝
vt. to put gel into your hair 给〔头发〕上发胶
- eg. gelled hair

词组：

light up 照亮，点亮

主语常face/eye：to cheer up or become excited suddenly

at the bottom of 在...的底部

pounce on 突然抓住，猛然抓住

be exempt from 免除，豁免

hair gel 发胶

with a smile 面带微笑

with delight 高兴地

句式：

You should have declared that.

should have done sth 本应该做某事，事实上却没做

精妙翻译：

Suddenly , I saw the Officer's face light up.

突然，我看到官员脸上露出了得意的神色。light up 本意是点亮，照亮，这里用来修饰脸，译成“露出了得意的神色”，既巧妙又复合语境。

He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.

他在我的箱底发现了一只小瓶，高兴地一把抓了起来。
用spot来表示“发现，看到”，其实这个动作很难，借此讽刺officer的做法，用pounce on动物捕食，猛扑，突然抓住，形容the officer 的发现a tiny bottle 后的动作，形象生动
with delight=delightedly 高兴地 , 类似的表示情绪的名词或者一些抽象名词都有此用法，例如，with fluency = fluently, in amazement = amazedly etc.

Perfume is not exempt from import duty.

香水要上进口税的。本句将否定句译成了肯定句，直译应该是香水没有被免除进口税，这样翻译更能体现文中Officer 得意的感觉。

DAY44

L11-4：Not guilty

As I expected, he did not believe me.

'Try it!' I said encouragingly.

知识点：

单词：

unscrew/ ʌn'skruː/

to open something by twisting it 拧开，旋开
to take the screws out of something 从〔某物中〕旋出螺钉

nostril n [C] 英/ 'nɒstrɪl/ 美/ 'nɑstrəl /

one of the two holes at the end of your nose, through which you breathe and smell things 鼻孔
eg. The smell of gunpowder filled his nostrils.
火药味灌进他的鼻孔。
eg. the horse’s flaring nostrils
马儿张大的鼻孔

词组：

hurry away 匆匆离开（等于hurry off）

eg. People are hurrying away the room after the boring meeting.

句式：

As I expected , he did not believe me .果然不出所料，他并不相信我。课后题替换：he was incredible/incredulous/sceptical(√)

incredulous/inˈkredjələs/因太震惊，惊奇，感到不可信而怀疑。
sceptical=skeptical(AmE)因不确定而怀疑。
be sceptical about sth=doubt about sth

put sth to one’s nostrils把sth放到鼻子底下

be greeted by扑面而来，一股……袭来

精妙翻译：

As I expected , he did not believe me.

果不出所料，他并不相信我。（as I expected 翻译的简洁明了）

‘Try it !’ I said encouragingly.

“你就闻一闻吧！” 我催促说。（翻译的特别符合语镜）

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth.

一股怪味袭来，使他相信了我说的是真话。（被动语态翻译成主动，使翻译更生动，同时将定语从句拆分成小句翻译，使翻译简洁易懂）

A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage .

几分钟后，我终于被放行，手提划着宝贵的粉笔记号的行李，匆匆离去。（句子中补出了，终于被放行，译的巧妙，with 复合结构补出，手提划着，同样巧妙）

DAY45

L12-1:Life on a desert island

知识点：

单词：

desert

n./ˈdezət/沙漠；荒原；荒漠
- eg. the Sahara/səˈherə/ Desert撒哈拉大沙漠
adj.无人居住的
vt./diˈzəːt/离开；舍弃；背离
发音相同dessert/diˈzəːt/饭后甜点

paradise/ˈpærədais/ 天堂;乐土；伊甸园

heaven：代替god；not only happy but high上帝和神呆的地方，人死后去的地方
paradise：only happy；某些宗教中的天堂，人死后去的地方；人呆的地方∴也在基督教圣经中the garden of Eden=Paradise指伊甸园
胜地：a shopper’s paradise

be in seventh heaven: be extremely happy
a never-never land：世外桃源

词组：

a sort of

当谈到不确定的，含糊的东西用这个词组
- eg. It’s a sort of joke.
区别sort of：I sort of love him.可能有点儿喜欢他吧。
It takes all sorts（to make a world）不可思议
：to say that sb is behaving in a strange or crazy way

simple and good既简单又美好

the simple life没有任何问题的美好生活

句式：

form a … picture of …对……有……想法

eg. form an unrealistic picture of
If you have a picture of something in your mind, you have a clear idea or memory of it in your mind as if you were actually seeing it.

The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.另一种想法恰恰相反。

在文中是承上启下的过渡句，引出截然不同的新内容。
- eg. I think quite the opposite.
be quite the opposite=be totally different.
引申on the contrary，…与此相反，…
示范：
- Rory is always on time for work. On the contrary, Vicki is always late. （×）
- Rory is always on time for work. By contrast , Vicki is always late. （√）

image sth to be A 想象sth成A

精妙翻译：

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.
- 我们许多人对于荒岛生活有一种不切实际的想法。
- picture这里要拿捏好，不是图片也不是情景，翻译成“想法”，form也不能直译。
We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.
- 我们有时想象荒岛是阳光终日普照的天堂。
The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.
- 另一种想法恰恰相反。

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