Week 8
DAY36
L9-4：Flying cats
'Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers.' a doctor said. It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves. In along drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more. At high speeds, falling cats have time to relax. They stretch out their legs like flying squirrels. This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of impact when they hit the ground.
知识点：
单词：
behave /bɪˈheɪv/
vi.表现;举止端正;自然反应 +prep/adv
behave like+从句，BrE认为不正确（like=as if/though）
vt.使守规矩+ oneself守规矩，举止得体，行为检点
Eg. You have to behave.../Just behave. 你得规矩点。 opp→Misbehave Well-behaved boy vi.（科）自然反应或变化
paratrooper /ˈpærətru:pə(r)/ n.伞兵
squirrel 英 /ˈskwɪrəl/ 美 /ˈskwɜ:rəl/
n.松鼠，松鼠科动物;松鼠毛皮
vt.储藏;贮存
resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/n.电阻;阻力;抵抗;抗力
Air-resistance空气阻力
well-trained/ˌwel'treɪnd/adj.训练有素的，受过良好训练的
impact/'impækt/重读音节位置在第一个
词组：
Stretch out伸展，Out放在动词后面用来加强语气
Stretch the truth夸大其词
句式：
Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers.猫就像训练有素的跳伞队员。
Eg. body who comes to this club is allowed to behave like a prima donna./ˌpri:mə ˈdɒnə/. 加入这个俱乐部的任何人都不许自以为是。
the more…,the more…越……越……
前面是从句，后面是主句
Eg. The more dangerous it is ,the more I like it.越危险我越喜欢。 The harder you work ,the more you'll achieve.要想更多地收获就要更勤奋地工作。
长难句、语法：
形容词和副词的两种比较形式： 1.the…the… 结构，将形容词和副词的比较级与the一同使用，表示当一方变化时另一方也随之变化，如： Eg. The more expensive petrol becomes, the less people drive.汽油越贵，开车的人就越少。 The more people you know, the less time you have to see them.你认识的人越多，你见他们的时间就越少。 2.-er and -er结构，将形容词或副词的两个比较级形式用and连接，可以表达持续不断的变化，如： Debbie is growing fast; she's getting taller and taller.戴比长得很快，她个子越来越高。 Computers are becoming more and more complicated.计算机变得越来越复杂。
精妙翻译：
Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers.猫就像训练有素的跳伞队员。
behave like=act like,翻译中直接省略表现得像……，更精炼更符合中文习惯。
DAY37
L10-1：The loss of Titanic
The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th， 1912. She was carrying 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891. Even by modern standards, the 46，000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At the time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen water tight compartments.
知识点：
背景知识：
Titanic
A British passenger liner, the largest ship in the world when she was built and supposedly unsinkable, that struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic on her maiden voyage in April 1912 and sank with the loss of 1,490 lives泰坦尼克（英国客轮，建成时是当时世界上最大、并被认为是永不会沉没的轮船，1912年首航北大西洋时触冰山沉没，1,490人丧生）
单词：
Titanic/taɪˈtænɪk/
Eg. titanic struggle激烈较量 Titan泰坦神；巨人，巨擘
辨析Tremendous，gigantic，colossal, herculean, prodigious, stupendous, thumping, titanic, whoppin,massive,vast,immense,enormous巨大的 Tremendous：不仅extraordinary大，还含unusual，striking or astonishing in its magnitude.常含褒义，含interesting or pleasant Eg. a tremendous party A tremendous skyscraper高耸入云的大楼
夸张(hyperboles)中常用的“巨大”:
Giant/ˈdʒaɪənt/→n&adj作为单纯的夸张，随便用As a mere hyperbole, it can be used indiscriminately: a giant protest rally
Gigantic/dʒaɪˈgæntɪk/giant的变体，多用于引申 a gigantic threat to our security
Stupendous/stjuː'pendəs/现常用于程度上的夸张 Eg. a stupendous film，stupendous changes沧桑巨变
Mammoth/ˈmæməθ/猛犸象→adj
Prodigious/prəˈdɪdʒəs/用于形容天才或奇迹，或夸张
词源引申的“巨大”：
Colossal/kə'lɒs(ə)l/from Colossus of Rhodes罗德岛巨像，stress monumentality /mɔnjumen'tæləti/纪念碑样，巨大
Titanic from the Titans(Greek mythology),stress force and power
Herculean/hɜ:ˈkju:li:-ən/ from hero Hercules/ˈhə:kjuli:z/,大力男，骁勇无比的，艰巨的（需要大力完成）
Thumping/ˈθʌmpiŋ/ Eg. a thumping ten-pound baby形容健康成熟度
Whopping/ˈ(h)wɔpiŋ/a whopping lie弥天大谎，形容大话
Massive/ˈmæsɪv/物理上的巨大的，重量，结实
Vast英/vɑ:st/美/væst/→space
Immense，Enormous→size、space
Immense褒义,宏大的
crew /kruː/可数n
1 all the people who work on a ship or plane船务人员，机组人员
2 group of people working together with special skills
eg. a television/TV crew
扩展：
A corps of egineers 一群（corps单数复数形态完全一样，单数读kɔː(r)，s不发音，复数读kɔː(r)z，s发音）
A bench of scholars一组学者（bench法院法庭，律师界∴指一群同样工作的人）
a long train of sight-seers一大群看客（train移动的人群）
watertight /ˈwɔːtətaɪt/ adjective防水的，无懈可击的
1 a watertight container, roof, door etc does not allow water to get in or out → airtight bottle密封瓶
2 an argument, plan etc that is watertight is made very carefully so that people cannot find any mistakes in it
compartment /kəmˈpɑːtmənt/可数n
1 a smaller enclosed space inside something larger
2 one of the separate areas into which a plane, ship, or train is divided船舱，火车
车厢（NAmE car）Hold 船底的货舱Capsule太空舱
词组：
sail for 驶往……for+destination，from+depature
Be regarded…as…把...…当作……
Eg. Though 20 years old, the book is still regarded as the authority on the subject.
句式：
She was carrying 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891.
She用来形容祖国或者轮船，汽车，机器
课后题替换句式：
On board her were 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891.
Be on board sth
On board做泛指“在船上”，代表船的名、代、名称、型号的词都要置后
He ran out of the bar, not stopping until he was on board a city bus.
Even by modern standards, …即使依照现代标准来衡量……
At that time, however,... not only... but ..., for... 当时，……不仅……而且……因为……
长难句、语法：
At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen water- tight compartments.
However表示转折，but不表示转折，而是固定词组，∴可以与however共存
for引导的原因状语从句
精妙翻译：
The great ship 巨轮
sailed for 起锚驶向…“起锚”场景感很强！
was carrying 载有，翻译得很简洁。（野蛮翻译：它上面有...）
Even by modern standards,即便用现代标准来衡量，加了“衡量”，使中文意思更完整。
that had ever been built, 造船史上，更书面化的翻译，比直译成“造出来的船”高大上！
but was regarded as unsinkable，而且也被认为是不会沉没的。
for she had sixteen water tight compartments.因为船由16个密封舱组成（野蛮翻译：因为它有16个密封舱）
DAY38
L10-2：The loss of Titanic
Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life. Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.
知识点：
单词：
flood/flʌd/
n.洪水，水灾：
eg. The river is in flood(=has more water in it than normal and has caused a flood)河水泛滥
flood damage 洪涝灾害
n.大批，大量
flood of sth.
Eg. a flood of complaints 大量诉讼 a flood of refugees 难民潮
v. (使)灌满水；淹没；泛滥；大量涌入；蜂拥而至；挤满；充满；使大受感动
eg. A great sense of relief flooded over him.他深感宽慰。 Memories of her childhood came flooding back. 她童年的往事涌上心头。
v照进;覆盖;使溢流
eg. She drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded in. 她拉开窗帘，阳光洒了进来。
She looked away as the colour flooded her cheeks. 她双颊泛出红晕，视线转向别处。
The room was flooded with evening light.室内一片暮色。
flood sb. out(
usually passive)
to force sb. to leave their home because of a flood.洪水迫使某人背井离乡。
floodgate 防洪闸门；泄水闸门
float /fləʊt/ v.浮动；漂流；飘动；飘移
几个使用的场景：水中、天上；飘然走动；提出想法；商业经济（发股上市、自由浮动汇率）
几个稍特殊的例句：
Eg. He is floating/walking on air.他正兴高采烈/洋洋得意。
The smell of new bread floated up from the kitchen.厨房里飘出新鲜面包的香味。
(figurative)People seem to float in and out of my life.不同的人在我生命中出现和消失。
习语：float sb’s boat(informal)为某人所喜欢
Eg. You can listen to whatever kind of music floats your boat.无论你喜欢哪种音乐，你都可以听。
如果是人做主语，勾引，色诱，迎合
appeal to or excite someone, especially sexually
Eg. Kevin doesn't exactly float her boat.凯文并没有勾引她。
Be floating about/around (思想等)传播；流传（进行时）
tragic/ˈtrædʒik/
悲剧的opp→cometic/kəˈmiːdɪk/喜剧的
悲剧Tragety/ˈtrædʒədi/ opp→comety/ˈkɔmədi/喜剧
liner /'laɪnə/ n.
邮轮： an ocean liner 远洋客轮 a luxury cruise liner 豪华游轮，巡游舰，airliner客机
衬里，内衬（尤用于构成复合词）：bin / nappy liners 衬在垃圾桶内的塑料袋；尿布衬垫
=eyeliner（化妆的）眼线
remember
被动用法 be remembered for sth / be remembered as sth 因某事而成名（或名留青史）
voyage /'vɒɪɪdʒ/ n. 航行；航程；旅行记
vi. 航海；航行 vt. 飞过；渡过
Eg. an around-the-world voyage 环球航行 a voyage in space航天
辨析journey，tour，trip，trek，cruise，expedition旅行
journey长途旅行，时间长距离远，海陆空通吃
tour巡回，周游，巡回比赛，演出
trip短途旅行（公务或游玩儿）
trek艰难跋涉
cruise/kru:z/巡航，多处停靠
expedition/ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/远征，探险
excursion/ɪkˈskɜ:ʃn/较正式，常集体远足，当做休闲放松的旅行，不超过一天，短时娱乐游玩儿，或乘火车轮船往返特定景点的远足旅游
Atlantic /ətˈlæntɪk/ adj. 在大西洋里的；近大西洋的
n. (the Atlantic)大西洋
NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)/'neitəu/北大西洋公约组织
icy /'aɪsɪ/ adj. 冰冷的；结满冰的；冷淡的；（嗓音、态度等）冷冰冰的
Eg. icy winds/water 凛冽的风；冰冷的水 My feet were icy cold.我双脚冰冷。 My eyes met his icy gaze.我的双眼迎视他冰冷的目光
iceberg /'aɪsbɜːg/冰山
The tip of an/the iceberg冰山一角，端倪
Eg. The problems that you see here now are just the tipof the iceberg. There are numerous disasters waiting to happen.
lookout/ˈlʊkaʊt/n.瞭望员
Look out!当心啊！
词组：
even if =even though(区别是even if 一般引导的是把握不大或假设的事，even though引出的是事实)
Eg. Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud. Eg. Even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.
be remembered 被永远记住
go down沉没（结果）sink 下沉（动作）drown淹没（部分在水下）
on her first voyage=on her maiden voyage 处女航，首航
with heavy loss of life 损失惨重，造成大批人员死亡
set out=set off
sail across（west-east）横穿
Sail through（north-south）纵贯
spotted=discovered
icy (adj.冰冷的，冷淡的，盖着冰的）waters(n.水域，海域)冷水域
icy water冰冷的水
territorial waters领海
high seas公海
eg. Still waters run deep.静水流深，真人不露相
fish in troubled waters混水摸鱼，趁火打劫
keep one’s head above water勉强糊口
句式：
Four days after setting out起航后的第四天，不用序数词，可以这样表达。
长难句、语法：
The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.
这是个长句子，the tragic sinking will be remembered是主句，sinking有of结构修饰补充，for引导的是原因状语从句，on her first voyage表明时间，with heavy loss of life是沉船伴随的结果。
精妙翻译：
Even if two of these were flooded.这句中flood是被灌满水，淹没的意思，译文是舱进水，这样翻译很妙。
The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.
这是一个长句子，译文改变了顺序，使行文更流畅。
译文：这艘巨轮首航就下沉，造成大批人员死亡。人们将永远记着这艘巨轮的沉没悲剧。
DAY39
L10-3：The loss of Titanic
After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened.
知识点： wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of water
单词：
sharply/ˈʃɑ:rpli/ adv. 严厉地; 明确地; 锋利地; 突然地
课后题：turn sharply=veer突然改变方向，急转弯
Swerve/swɜ:v/车子突然改道冲向边道
sharp
Eg. Look sharp=look smart
Have sharp ears/nose/mind听觉/嗅觉灵敏；思维敏捷
collision/kəˈlɪʒən/ n. 碰撞; 冲突; （意见，看法，文化，思想）的碰撞，冲突，抵触; （政党等的）倾轧;
动词collide在smash-and-grab一课中出现过，rather formal的用法，交通工具或人相撞
Collide with sb/sth between A and B
be on (a) collision course
adopting an approach that is certain to lead to conflict with another person or group
采取导致冲突的方法（或态度）的；走强硬路线的；处于必然会引起冲突的局面中的
narrowly/ˈnæroʊli/ adv. 狭窄地; 勉强地; 严密地; 仔细地;
narrowly miss险些碰到，勉强躲开，”理想仆人”一课中也涉及到
narrowly escape勉强逃离
Eg. I all but stumbled over the step差一点儿，险些，直接用在动词前
immense/ɪˈmɛns/ adj. 极大的，巨大的; 浩瀚的，无边际的; 〈口〉非常好的
trembling/'trembəlɪŋ/ n. 发抖
adj. 发抖的;
v. 颤动; 发抖( tremble的现在分词 ); 焦虑; 轻轻摇晃;
频率由快到慢：
Shiver/ˈʃivə(r)/寒战→Tremble颤抖→Stir搅动，扰动→Shake握手，摇晃→Quiver/ˈkwivə(r)/内心的战栗
词组：
rise over 100 feet out of water
除去over 100 feet，句子主要成分是rise…out of water
avoid a direct collision 避免正面冲突/冲撞
The players of both sides tried to press down the bad temper so that avoiding a direct collision
Just in time刚好来得及
With no time to spare一点点剩余的时间都没有，说时迟那时快（最快）
In next to no time立刻，很快（还是有过程，有时间）
In a fraction of a second眨眼间
∴课后题替换just in time用with no time to spare
句式：
After the alarm had been given
Eg. When the alarm was given ,the crowds getting panicked.
长难句、语法：
The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. 1.逗号后面是解释为什么船转弯得很及时。其实加一个for会更加清楚。 2.此处的which指代前面的wall of ice 3.变句：the Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice beside her, which rose over 100 feet out of the water.
精妙翻译：
*The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. 泰坦尼克这个弯拐得及时，紧贴着高出海面100英尺的巨大冰墙擦过去。
DAY40
L10-4：The loss of Titanic
The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1，500 lives were lost.
知识点：
单词：
faint/feɪnt/
difficult to see ,hear, smell etc微弱的，不清楚的，模糊的
eg.She gave a faint smile.她淡淡一笑
the faint light of dawn微弱的晨光
a faint hope /possibility/chance etc 微弱的希望/很小的可能性/些微的可能等
not have the faintest idea:to not know anything at all about something完全不知道，一无所知，一窍不通
eg. I don't have the faintest idea what you're talking about.我一点都不知道你在说什么。
feeling weak and as if you are about to become unconscious because you are very ill ,tired ,or hungry.（因生病，疲倦或饥饿而）虚弱的
eg.The heat made him feel quite faint. 高温令他感觉很虚弱。
（+with）eg. I was faint with hunger. 我饿昏了。
horror/ˈhɔrə(r)/
horror of horrors最糟糕不过的事情
Shock, horror!
an expression used when you are pretending to feel very shocked by a piece of news:
eg. Shock, horror! Carl James was seen talking to a woman and it wasn't his wife.
辨析fear, dread, fright, horror, terror, alarm, panic,害怕，恐慌
Fear最常见的害怕，恐惧，担忧
dread 由经验而感知的，对未来未发生的不确定不安惶恐
eg. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. 我们不仅生活在对象蜘蛛或黄蜂这样的小虫的惧怕中，而且生活在对诸如飞蛾这样无害昆虫的惧怕中。（新三文）
Eg. A burnt child dreads fire.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳
→dreadful倒霉的，令人不悦的
Fright突如其来的惊吓、恐怖usu sudden指对刚刚发生或正在发生的事情的反应，而fear是对一直使人害怕的事物或者对未来可能发生的事担忧
Stage fright怯场
I have a fright of spiders
his fright of what might happenHorror常跟看到有关，或对人安全不确定
→horrid/horrible
Terror=a feeling of extreme fear惊恐，惊骇，这组词中最强烈的恐怖，直接威胁人身安全
在小说里，horror常指看到恐怖的事物而生的，而terror常描述东西很平常，却充满了危险和悬念
Terrorist恐怖分子Terrible糟糕的，Terrfic太棒了
Alarm突然感到某种危险已经逼近，但还未采取保护行动时，所产生的“惧怕”
Eg. All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm. 我突然觉察到我的妻子好象十分惊恐
但Panic指恐慌，惊慌失措，makes you act without thinking carefully在alarm之后采取了行动时所充满的那种不能控制的panic情绪
He flailed the water helplessly in his sudden panic.
abandon/əˈbændən/
辨析leave, abandon, forsake, desert, give up放弃 all mean to depart from a person, place, pursuit, party or principle.
Leave最常见的，指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机与结果
abandon永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物，尤其原先一直在负责或感兴趣，这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的.
desert违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味.
Abandoned和deserted做adj形容离开的结果
An abandoned child被遗弃的孩子，a deserted street空无一人的大街
Forsake断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物.也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习.
Eg. forsake hope
marriage ceremony场景the groom promised that, forsaking all other, he would keep him only unto his wife.
Give up侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃.
plunge/plʌndʒ/
+adv/prep跳入，投入，（使）突然向前倒
to move, fall ,or be thrown suddenly forwards or downwards
Plunge into=fall into
Be plunged into突然一下子陷入……境地
Eg. Be plunged into despair after abandoned
Be plunged into wars交战
if a price ,rate etc plunges,it suddenly decreases by a large amount（价格，比率等）暴跌，骤降
eg.The unemployment rate plunged sharply. 失业率骤降。
plunge in / into…跳进/水中/；贸然、断然行动；把某物投/插，刺/入某物；（使某人/某物）陷入/遭受/（某种困难或不利局面）
take the plunge（INF）决定冒险尝试，采取断然行动
辨析plunge, immerse, submerge，dunk，dip，soak沉，没，浸
immerse“浸泡”、“使浸没于”，指将某物完全放入液体中浸泡。immerse 还可以指专心地做某事或沉浸在某种气氛中。
Students immerse themselves in their studies.同学们在专心致志地学习。
submerge普通用词，“淹没”、“潜入水中”，指水将整个物体淹在水中，多指全部浸没在水下达一定深度。或含自行下沉之意。
The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的浅水区一端。
Plunge“投入”、“跳入”，指突然而猛烈地将某物全部浸入液体中，又快又猛，但不一定深。可引申出激剧下降或陷入某种状态的意思。
Dunk陷入，与plunge相反，又慢又柔，按住某人头到水里
Dip“浸”、“蘸”，指试探性地或小心翼翼地把某物部分或全部浸入液体并很快取出
Soak“泡浸”、“浸透”，指将物体泡湿，让液体渗入物体，不一定完全放入液体中。表示挨雨淋，衣服浸透也可用soak
词组：
to his horror令他恐惧的是；惊恐地
类似表达 to one's amazement/surprise/delight etc/表示情绪的名词/ 令某人......
the order to do sth 做某事的命令
plunge into 跳入
长难句、语法：
as 用法总结： 1.prep. “作为”+表示身份的名词
2.定语从句的关系代词，“正如......一样”，常用来引导非限制性定语从句
3.从属连词，可引导时间状语从句，“当......时，随着，一边......一边......”;也可引导原因状语从句，“因为”；还可引导让步状语从句，“虽然，尽管”，替代although/though
eg.Although he is very young, he knows a lot about history. Young as he is , he knows a lot about history.
精妙翻译：
The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged . 由于这个声音非常轻，没人想到船身已遭损坏。（so that从句，faint ,ship,都翻译的特别得当）
for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! 16个密封舱已有5个进水。
hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.几百人跳进了冰冷刺骨的海水里。（icy water翻译的巧妙）
1,500 lives were lost.结果1,500 人丧生。
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