Week 13

DAY61

L16-1：Mary had a little lamb

Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, however, the lamb was missing.

知识点：

单词：

prize/praiz/

adj.珍贵的，宝贵的

eg. prize possessions珍贵的财产（令人骄傲的）

eg. prize money奖金

eg. a prize idiot/fool：a complete fool

区别precious：与你喜欢的人有关的所以对你重要和珍贵

eg. precious historical relics珍贵的历史遗迹

eg. precious possessions

eg. rare animals珍奇动物

eg. valuable painting值钱的

eg. valuable time宝贵的时间

n.奖金，奖励

prize sth out of sb（费力地）从（某人）那里获得（尤指消息或金钱）

eg. He's so secretive - you'll have a hard time prizing any information out of him.他如此守口如瓶——你要从他那打听情况会很困难。

eg. booby/ ˈbuːbi /（笨人，蠢人） prize安慰奖

win a prize for…因……而获奖

eg. The first prize goes to Peter.

carry off the first prize夺得一等奖

v.珍视，珍惜

prize the friendship

辨析prize，award，reward奖
award 用作可数名词时，指“奖品，奖金，奖赏”，侧重按法律与规定而给予的荣誉，现在与prize意义相近，prize从语气上不如award正式。两者都指因为作出杰出成就而受奖，两者都可能意味着要出钱。prize意味奋斗的目标或实现。用作vt时，常有下列搭配：
award sb. sth. (for sth.)(因)颁发给某人……
be awarded sth. (for)(因) 被授予……
eg. Jack received an award for his flower display. 杰克的花展得了奖。
prize做n. “奖品，奖金”，主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，特指在竞争、竞赛中获得的奖，常说:
win a prize for因……而获……奖
eg. The firemen were given a medal as a reward for saving the child’s life.消防队员因救了那个孩子而受到了奖赏。
eg. He was presented with a gold watch for his services.作为他服务的报酬，授予了他一块金表。
eg. My sister won the first prize for her singing. 我妹妹唱歌获得了一等奖。
reward 可用作n或v，它的意思特指“报答，报偿，酬谢，奖赏”，重点在于对好行为或者功绩的报答、酬谢。常有下列搭配：
receive/be given sth. as a reward因某事而获得奖赏
reward sb. for因……而酬谢/奖赏某人
in reward for为了回报，作为报酬
eg. A large reward is offered for the return of the ring.
eg. I shall reward him for his services.

tie/tai/v.拴，系，捆扎，打蝴蝶结

还有抽象含义，v.紧密相连，限制，束缚，约束，旗鼓相当；n.联系，关联（通常pl. ties）;领带;平局;淘汰赛

be tied to与……相关；使紧密联系；被束缚限制
- I felt tied to the job while I had a mortgage to pay.因为有按揭贷款要还，我觉得自己被这份工作束缚住了。
tie sb （up）in knots使sb困惑，弄糊涂
- eg. The Director of Studies tied me up in knots by asking tricky questions.教务主任问了一些很难回答的问题，把我弄得头昏脑胀。
tie the knot=get married
- So when are you two going to tie the knot?那么你俩甚么时候结婚呢？
tied to your mother's / wife's apron strings 受母亲／老婆的管束
- eg. George never comes out with the rest of us - he's tied to his wife's apron/ˈeɪprən/ strings（围裙带）.乔治从不和我们一起外出——玛莎／他妻子对他管束很严。
be tied up +in sth：be busy；be occupied or engaged
- eg. I'm afraid we can't meet till Wednesday - I'm tied up on Monday and Tuesday.恐怕我们要到周三才能碰头——我周一和周二都脱不开身。
tie (sth) in with sth （使）相一致；（使）有联系；（使）同时发生
- eg. I can't tie in what he said today with what he told me last week.他今天说的与上周他告诉我的根本就不是一回事。
- eg. We're trying to tie our holiday in with Simon's lecture tour.我们试图把我们的假期与赛门的巡回讲学安排在一起。
tie sb down限制，束缚；让sb明确表态
- eg. I'll try to tie her down on her plans.我会设法让她把计划确定下来。

句式：

one of one's prize possessions is…

语法：

She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening.

keep+宾+宾补，表达“使……处于某种状态，条件，姿势”

DAY62

L16-2：Mary had a little lamb

The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen. When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb.

知识点：

单词：

theft/θeft/n.偷窃行为，偷窃案，偷窃罪

SYN→larceny/ˈlɑːsəni/n.盗窃罪（NAmE），非法侵占他人财产罪

rob抢劫，公开场合暴力抢夺
- rob sb of sth抢了某人什么东西。不可以加双宾语，必须有of
- eg. Rob Peter and pay Paul.拆东墙补西墙
(BrE)burgle/ˈbəːgl/(NAmE)burglarize a house入室抢劫，特别常指夜间行窃
pickpocket /ˈpikpɔkit/n. 扒手，小偷

acquire/əˈkwaiə(r)/

v.获得，购得； (通过努力、能力、行为表现)获得，得到；learn or develop (a skill, habit, or quality) 学到，习得，培养（技能，习惯，品质）；获得某种名声

eg. She has acquired a good knowledge of English. 她英语已经学得很好。

eg. an acquired taste养成的爱好

eg. acquire a certain reputation

词组：

come in回到家里，in强调“进入”

set out to do sth动身/出发/着手做sth

句式：

told sb what had happened

it is obvious that +cl很明显

It would not prove difficult 并不困难

精妙翻译：

When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened.迪米特里从地里回来，妻子把情况跟他一说，……。

Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. 迪米特里发出他的邻居阿列科家突然多了一只小羔羊。

DAY63

L16-3：Mary had a little lamb

Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black.

知识点：

单词：

accuse/ə'kju:z/ vt.控告，谴责

accuse sb of (doing) sth(指控内容) for +原因指控sb犯有……的罪

the accused或the accused person（man,woman）被告

注意accuse与of搭配，charge与with搭配

辨析accuse，charge，impeach，incriminate，indict，arraign控告，指控
accuse可用于一般意义上的指责或责难，也可用于法律意义上的指控或控告。accuse表达的“指责，指控”通常比较直接、尖锐，但所指控/指责的事情也可能并不是很严重。如果是指控较严重的事情，跟charge类似，但charge更强调有“正式的法律程序”。
charge指控，语气比accuse强、正式，多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。可扩展为非正式地谴责某人违反某些公认的行为准则，公开谴责。
charge sb with sth正式公开控告某行为；be charged with sth bring / press / prefer 'charges against sb (law 律)=to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court起诉；控告
eg. After being questioned by the police, she was released without charge.她被警察传讯后无罪释放。
还有要价/钱，记账，收费，负责/管理，充电等多种含义
charge sb （money） for sth向某人收取……费用
sue sb for sth起诉要求赔偿
prosecute/ˈprɒsɪkju:t/ 对……提起公诉
impeach 为"控告，弹劾"，多指因公共官员犯了叛逆罪或其他严重罪行而对其提起的指控; 在英国，此种指控多由下议院提起，由上议院审理。
impeach sb for+原因（尤指在美国）
eg. to impeach a witness; to impeach sb’s motives.怀疑某人的动机
incriminate/inˈkrimineit/"暗示……有罪，牵连，连累"
用于刑事犯罪，可指直接控告罪犯，
eg. He was incriminated in the conspiracy (他被指控参与共谋)
也可指某人因不利证词而受牵连，而后一用法更为常见
eg. to incriminate oneself (自证其罪)
eg. He was incriminated by an eyewitness who placed him at the scene of the crime.
(→adj. incriminating)
eg. incriminating evidence证明有罪的证据
indict /ɪnˈdaɪt/法律语域，主要用于刑事犯罪，且多用于对罪行较为严重的罪犯的正式指控，在美国常用，尤指由大陪审团直接通过indictment而提起的控诉间，如性质较轻的summary offences 则不用该单词表示起诉或指控。常用被动。
be indicted for sth对触犯刑法的行为进行起诉 be indicted on charges/on a charge of sth
eg. She was indicted on charges of corruption.她被控贪腐，受到起诉。
arraign"传讯，提审，提讯",法律语域，公开但非官方地指控人或违反公众舆论或其他标准的行为。常用被动
be arraigned for doing sth

deny/di'nai/v.

state that it is not true. 否认真实性，接n/pron/that+cl

deny doing sth否认做某事
deny sb sth拒绝给予某人想要的东西（双宾语）
- eg. deny yourself sth节制，克制
There is no denying that…很显然……，不可否认的是
=It cannot be denied that…
There is no blinking/sidestepping the fact that…不可否认这一事实
eg. There is no blinking the fact that Tom was her blue-eyed boy. 不可否认，汤姆是她最喜欢的男孩。

辨析deny，refuse，decline，reject拒绝
deny
表示否认某事属实
eg. The allegation was denied by government spokesmen 政府发言人否认了这一指控。
表示拒绝给予某人某物
eg. I never denied her anything 我对她百依百顺。
refuse
refuse sth/to do sth
表示有意不做或坚决表示不做某事，非常坚决，不客气地回绝。
eg.people who refuse to change their opinions拒绝改变看法的人
eg. He refused to condemn them 他拒绝谴责他们
亦表示拒绝接受别人主动给予的东西
eg. The patient has the right to refuse treatment 病人有权拒绝接受治疗。
还可表示拒绝给予某人其所要之物或不允许某人做其想做之事
eg. He can run to Dad for money if I refuse him 如果我不给他钱，他可以跑到爸爸那儿去要。
decline=refuse politely，较正式
decline sth/to do sth
reject只接n./pron.不能接动词不定式，语气比refuse更强，拒绝，驳回，正式，强调不接受，不采纳他人的意见建议、请求等，也表示由于客观条件不符合规定的标准而遭拒。

语法：

1.He told him he had better return it or he would call the police.

had better最好

固定搭配，永远是had，better表达“应该”之意，无任何比较含义。
后接不带to的不定式，用于指现在和将来，不指过去。
否定形式not在better后：had better not
- eg. You had better not be late tomorrow.你明天可不要迟到了。
疑问句中可以使用hadn't +主语+ better
- eg. Hadn't we better sum up our experience before going on?我们是不是在继续工作之前最好先总结一下呢？
用于建议在将来某一场合采取行动，而不同于一般情况。常常带有警告、告诫、或催促的意味。语义较should和ought to更加强烈。注意内在含义，切不可不分场合地滥用。

2.It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black.

he explained插入语，附加说明，删掉对句子结构无任何影响。
his文中用斜体表示对此词的强调，读的时候要重读。为下文打下伏笔。

精妙翻译：

It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black.

不错，他的确刚买了一只羔羊，阿列科解释说，但他的羔羊是黑色的。

DAY64

L16-4：Mary had a little lamb

Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologised to Aleko for having accused him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!

知识点：

单词：

ashamed/əˈʃeimd/adj. 感到羞愧的，感到惭愧的

be ashamed (of sth /of sb /of yourself) | ashamed (that...) | ashamed (to be sth)惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
be ashamed to do sth因惭愧而不情愿；因尴尬而勉强
- eg. I'm ashamed to say that I lied to her.我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。

feel guilty about doing sth

rashly /'ræʃli/ adv.轻率地，无见识地

in a hasty and foolhardy manner
SYN→ headlong

apologize/əˈpɔlədʒaiz/（英式apologise）道歉

apologize sb for sth

→n. apology

astonish/əˈstɒnɪʃ/

very/greatly surprised about something 吃惊的，惊讶的
SYN→amazed
be astonished to see/find/hear/learn
- eg.We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
+by/at
- eg. I was astonished by the result.
be astonished (that)
- eg. I’m astonished that you should even think such a thing!

dye/dai/v.染色

dyeing,dyed,dyed注意-ing形式的写法，不能丢掉e变成dying

dye sth+颜色
dyed in the wool
unchanging in a particular belief or opinion; inveterate/inˈvetərət/彻头彻尾的，十足的；根深蒂固的
- eg. She's a true blue dyed-in-the-wool Conservative.她是个彻头彻尾的保守党分子。

长难句、语法：

Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.

ashamed of having acted为过去分词短语作原因状语，其中又含有一个现在分词的完成时结构，交代“感到不好意思”的原因，其省去的潜在主语是Dimitri,因为后半句也出现了Dimitri,所以为了避免重复，可以省略。
While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped.
句中的and连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，while引导时间状语从句，说明在同一时间段内同时发生的两件事情；在后一个分句中，until也引导时间状语从句，连接先后发生的两个动作。

精妙翻译：

Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!

Had been washed是过去完成时的被动语态，强调颜料完全被冲刷掉了。

DAY65

L17-1：The longest suspension bridge in the world

Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.

知识点：

单词：

suspension bridge 悬索桥，吊桥

suspension /səsˈpɛnʃən/n.悬，吊

词缀：pend-pens-悬挂

independence独立；pending悬而未决的；pendulum/ˈpendjələm/钟摆；

→v.&n.

suspend/səˈspend/ 暂停，停职，停学，悬浮

作为名词有悬浮液，悬浮的意思

agreeable /əˈgrɪəbl/adj.宜人的

反义词disagreeable

pleasant and easy to like 讨人喜欢的，宜人的
- eg. We spent a most agreeable day toghther.我们在一起度过了非常愉快的一天。
- eg. He seemed extremely agreeable.他似乎特别招人喜欢。
（不放在名词前）欣然同意 agreeable to sth
- eg. Do you think they will be agreeable to our proposal?你认为他们会爽快同意我们的提议吗？
可以接受的
agreeable to sb
- eg. The deal must be agreeable to both side.处理方法必须是双方都接受的。
  located adj. 位于，坐落在（不用于名词前）

eg. a samll town located 30 miles south of Chicago eg. The office are conveniently located just a few minutes from the main station.办事处所处的位置很方便，离总站只有几分钟的路。

midst /mɪdst/ n. 中部，中间

the middle part of sth
- eg. Such beauty was unexpected in the midst of the city.市中心有这样的美景真是出乎意料。
- eg. She appeared from the midst of the crowd.她从人丛中钻了出来。
in the midst of sth/of doing sth当发生某事时，在某人做某事时
- eg. a country in the midst of a recession衰退中的国家
- eg. She discovered it in the midst of sorting her father's things
in their/our/its/your midst:among or with them/us/it/you 在···中间，和··一起
- eg. There is a traitor in our midst.我们中间有个叛徒。
- eg. We're lucky to have such a man in our midst.在我们中间有这样一个人是我们的幸运。

immortal /ɪˈmɔːtl/

长生的，不朽的，永世的
- eg. The soul is immortal.
流芳百世的，永垂千古的
- eg. the immortal Goethe 名垂千古的歌德
- eg. In the immortal words of Henry Ford,'If it ain't broke, don't fix it.按照亨利福特的千古名言：如果东西没坏掉，就不要去修理它。
OPP→mortal终有一死的，不能永生的；极其严重的，致命的；极度的，极大的；n.凡人，肉眼凡胎
- eg. A man is deliberately designed to be mortal. He grows, he ages, and he dies.人注定终有一死：长大、衰老，然后消亡。
- 词缀mort-死亡：immortality不朽，不死；mortally致命地；mortician/mɔ:ˈtɪʃn/殡葬业者；mortgage/ˈmɔ:gɪdʒ/抵押

词组：

by no means

not by any means 绝不，一点也不
- eg. She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 他绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。
- eg. We haven't won yet, not by any means. 我们离成功还远着呢。
- 位于句首时，要用部分倒装。
  - eg. By no means can teaching in school be separated from practice.学校的教学决不能脱离实践。
by all means(spoken): you are very willing for sb to have sth or do sth可以，当然行，没问题
- eg. Do you mind if I have a look? By all means. 当然可以。
by means of =with the help of用，依靠，借助于
- eg. I think this can be done by means of electricity.我想可以使用电做到这一点。
by this means凭这种手段
- eg. You can do it by this means.你可以用这种方法做。

name after以……的名字命名

name sb/sth (after sb)
name sb/sth (for sb) 命名，给……取名
- eg. He was named after his father.
- eg. They named their son John.

句式：

about whom little is known鲜为人知的

know about的搭配“知道，听说”，little表示听说的程度，a little，much，a great deal，a lot， everything，something，nothing等来描述程度。

be by no means considered to be…绝对算不上是……

长难句、语法：

He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.'

located 修饰situation, which 引导定语从句，which指的是two small hills
定语从句使用倒装，原语序：a great river flowed in the midst of…
正式文体中喜欢使用介词+wh-关系代词形式，非正式中常用介词+关系副词
但有介词放在前面，后面不可以接that，如果介词在后，可以用that引导定语从句。

精妙翻译：

Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. 1524年，一位鲜为人知的意大利人维拉萨诺驾船驶进纽约港，并将该港名为安古拉姆。

Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.

虽然维拉萨诺绝对算不上一个伟大的探险家，但他的名字将流芳百世，因为1964年11月21日建成的一座世界上最长的吊桥是以他的名字命名。

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Week 13

DAY61

L16-1：Mary had a little lamb

知识点：

单词：

prize/praiz/

adj.珍贵的，宝贵的

eg. prize possessions珍贵的财产（令人骄傲的）

eg. prize money奖金

eg. a prize idiot/fool：a complete fool

区别precious：与你喜欢的人有关的所以对你重要和珍贵

eg. precious historical relics珍贵的历史遗迹

eg. precious possessions

eg. rare animals珍奇动物

eg. valuable painting值钱的

eg. valuable time宝贵的时间

n.奖金，奖励

prize sth out of sb（费力地）从（某人）那里获得（尤指消息或金钱）

eg. He's so secretive - you'll have a hard time prizing any information out of him.他如此守口如瓶——你要从他那打听情况会很困难。

eg. booby/ ˈbuːbi /（笨人，蠢人） prize安慰奖

win a prize for…因……而获奖

eg. The first prize goes to Peter.

carry off the first prize夺得一等奖

v.珍视，珍惜

prize the friendship

辨析prize，award，reward奖
award 用作可数名词时，指“奖品，奖金，奖赏”，侧重按法律与规定而给予的荣誉，现在与prize意义相近，prize从语气上不如award正式。两者都指因为作出杰出成就而受奖，两者都可能意味着要出钱。prize意味奋斗的目标或实现。用作vt时，常有下列搭配：
award sb. sth. (for sth.)(因)颁发给某人……
be awarded sth. (for)(因) 被授予……
eg. Jack received an award for his flower display. 杰克的花展得了奖。
prize做n. “奖品，奖金”，主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，特指在竞争、竞赛中获得的奖，常说:
win a prize for因……而获……奖
eg. The firemen were given a medal as a reward for saving the child’s life.消防队员因救了那个孩子而受到了奖赏。
eg. He was presented with a gold watch for his services.作为他服务的报酬，授予了他一块金表。
eg. My sister won the first prize for her singing. 我妹妹唱歌获得了一等奖。
reward 可用作n或v，它的意思特指“报答，报偿，酬谢，奖赏”，重点在于对好行为或者功绩的报答、酬谢。常有下列搭配：
receive/be given sth. as a reward因某事而获得奖赏
reward sb. for因……而酬谢/奖赏某人
in reward for为了回报，作为报酬
eg. A large reward is offered for the return of the ring.
eg. I shall reward him for his services.

tie/tai/v.拴，系，捆扎，打蝴蝶结

还有抽象含义，v.紧密相连，限制，束缚，约束，旗鼓相当；n.联系，关联（通常pl. ties）;领带;平局;淘汰赛

be tied to与……相关；使紧密联系；被束缚限制
- I felt tied to the job while I had a mortgage to pay.因为有按揭贷款要还，我觉得自己被这份工作束缚住了。
tie sb （up）in knots使sb困惑，弄糊涂
- eg. The Director of Studies tied me up in knots by asking tricky questions.教务主任问了一些很难回答的问题，把我弄得头昏脑胀。
tie the knot=get married
- So when are you two going to tie the knot?那么你俩甚么时候结婚呢？
tied to your mother's / wife's apron strings 受母亲／老婆的管束
- eg. George never comes out with the rest of us - he's tied to his wife's apron/ˈeɪprən/ strings（围裙带）.乔治从不和我们一起外出——玛莎／他妻子对他管束很严。
be tied up +in sth：be busy；be occupied or engaged
- eg. I'm afraid we can't meet till Wednesday - I'm tied up on Monday and Tuesday.恐怕我们要到周三才能碰头——我周一和周二都脱不开身。
tie (sth) in with sth （使）相一致；（使）有联系；（使）同时发生
- eg. I can't tie in what he said today with what he told me last week.他今天说的与上周他告诉我的根本就不是一回事。
- eg. We're trying to tie our holiday in with Simon's lecture tour.我们试图把我们的假期与赛门的巡回讲学安排在一起。
tie sb down限制，束缚；让sb明确表态
- eg. I'll try to tie her down on her plans.我会设法让她把计划确定下来。

句式：

one of one's prize possessions is…

语法：

She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening.

keep+宾+宾补，表达“使……处于某种状态，条件，姿势”

DAY62

L16-2：Mary had a little lamb

知识点：

单词：

theft/θeft/n.偷窃行为，偷窃案，偷窃罪

SYN→larceny/ˈlɑːsəni/n.盗窃罪（NAmE），非法侵占他人财产罪

rob抢劫，公开场合暴力抢夺
- rob sb of sth抢了某人什么东西。不可以加双宾语，必须有of
- eg. Rob Peter and pay Paul.拆东墙补西墙
(BrE)burgle/ˈbəːgl/(NAmE)burglarize a house入室抢劫，特别常指夜间行窃
pickpocket /ˈpikpɔkit/n. 扒手，小偷

acquire/əˈkwaiə(r)/

v.获得，购得； (通过努力、能力、行为表现)获得，得到；learn or develop (a skill, habit, or quality) 学到，习得，培养（技能，习惯，品质）；获得某种名声

eg. She has acquired a good knowledge of English. 她英语已经学得很好。

eg. an acquired taste养成的爱好

eg. acquire a certain reputation

词组：

come in回到家里，in强调“进入”

set out to do sth动身/出发/着手做sth

句式：

told sb what had happened

it is obvious that +cl很明显

It would not prove difficult 并不困难

精妙翻译：

When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened.迪米特里从地里回来，妻子把情况跟他一说，……。

Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. 迪米特里发出他的邻居阿列科家突然多了一只小羔羊。

DAY63

L16-3：Mary had a little lamb

知识点：

单词：

accuse/ə'kju:z/ vt.控告，谴责

accuse sb of (doing) sth(指控内容) for +原因指控sb犯有……的罪

the accused或the accused person（man,woman）被告

注意accuse与of搭配，charge与with搭配

辨析accuse，charge，impeach，incriminate，indict，arraign控告，指控
accuse可用于一般意义上的指责或责难，也可用于法律意义上的指控或控告。accuse表达的“指责，指控”通常比较直接、尖锐，但所指控/指责的事情也可能并不是很严重。如果是指控较严重的事情，跟charge类似，但charge更强调有“正式的法律程序”。
charge指控，语气比accuse强、正式，多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。可扩展为非正式地谴责某人违反某些公认的行为准则，公开谴责。
charge sb with sth正式公开控告某行为；be charged with sth bring / press / prefer 'charges against sb (law 律)=to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court起诉；控告
eg. After being questioned by the police, she was released without charge.她被警察传讯后无罪释放。
还有要价/钱，记账，收费，负责/管理，充电等多种含义
charge sb （money） for sth向某人收取……费用
sue sb for sth起诉要求赔偿
prosecute/ˈprɒsɪkju:t/ 对……提起公诉
impeach 为"控告，弹劾"，多指因公共官员犯了叛逆罪或其他严重罪行而对其提起的指控; 在英国，此种指控多由下议院提起，由上议院审理。
impeach sb for+原因（尤指在美国）
eg. to impeach a witness; to impeach sb’s motives.怀疑某人的动机
incriminate/inˈkrimineit/"暗示……有罪，牵连，连累"
用于刑事犯罪，可指直接控告罪犯，
eg. He was incriminated in the conspiracy (他被指控参与共谋)
也可指某人因不利证词而受牵连，而后一用法更为常见
eg. to incriminate oneself (自证其罪)
eg. He was incriminated by an eyewitness who placed him at the scene of the crime.
(→adj. incriminating)
eg. incriminating evidence证明有罪的证据
indict /ɪnˈdaɪt/法律语域，主要用于刑事犯罪，且多用于对罪行较为严重的罪犯的正式指控，在美国常用，尤指由大陪审团直接通过indictment而提起的控诉间，如性质较轻的summary offences 则不用该单词表示起诉或指控。常用被动。
be indicted for sth对触犯刑法的行为进行起诉 be indicted on charges/on a charge of sth
eg. She was indicted on charges of corruption.她被控贪腐，受到起诉。
arraign"传讯，提审，提讯",法律语域，公开但非官方地指控人或违反公众舆论或其他标准的行为。常用被动
be arraigned for doing sth

deny/di'nai/v.

state that it is not true. 否认真实性，接n/pron/that+cl

deny doing sth否认做某事
deny sb sth拒绝给予某人想要的东西（双宾语）
- eg. deny yourself sth节制，克制
There is no denying that…很显然……，不可否认的是
=It cannot be denied that…
There is no blinking/sidestepping the fact that…不可否认这一事实
eg. There is no blinking the fact that Tom was her blue-eyed boy. 不可否认，汤姆是她最喜欢的男孩。

辨析deny，refuse，decline，reject拒绝
deny
表示否认某事属实
eg. The allegation was denied by government spokesmen 政府发言人否认了这一指控。
表示拒绝给予某人某物
eg. I never denied her anything 我对她百依百顺。
refuse
refuse sth/to do sth
表示有意不做或坚决表示不做某事，非常坚决，不客气地回绝。
eg.people who refuse to change their opinions拒绝改变看法的人
eg. He refused to condemn them 他拒绝谴责他们
亦表示拒绝接受别人主动给予的东西
eg. The patient has the right to refuse treatment 病人有权拒绝接受治疗。
还可表示拒绝给予某人其所要之物或不允许某人做其想做之事
eg. He can run to Dad for money if I refuse him 如果我不给他钱，他可以跑到爸爸那儿去要。
decline=refuse politely，较正式
decline sth/to do sth
reject只接n./pron.不能接动词不定式，语气比refuse更强，拒绝，驳回，正式，强调不接受，不采纳他人的意见建议、请求等，也表示由于客观条件不符合规定的标准而遭拒。

语法：

1.He told him he had better return it or he would call the police.

had better最好

固定搭配，永远是had，better表达“应该”之意，无任何比较含义。
后接不带to的不定式，用于指现在和将来，不指过去。
否定形式not在better后：had better not
- eg. You had better not be late tomorrow.你明天可不要迟到了。
疑问句中可以使用hadn't +主语+ better
- eg. Hadn't we better sum up our experience before going on?我们是不是在继续工作之前最好先总结一下呢？
用于建议在将来某一场合采取行动，而不同于一般情况。常常带有警告、告诫、或催促的意味。语义较should和ought to更加强烈。注意内在含义，切不可不分场合地滥用。

2.It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black.

he explained插入语，附加说明，删掉对句子结构无任何影响。
his文中用斜体表示对此词的强调，读的时候要重读。为下文打下伏笔。

精妙翻译：

It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black.

不错，他的确刚买了一只羔羊，阿列科解释说，但他的羔羊是黑色的。

DAY64

L16-4：Mary had a little lamb

知识点：

单词：

ashamed/əˈʃeimd/adj. 感到羞愧的，感到惭愧的

be ashamed (of sth /of sb /of yourself) | ashamed (that...) | ashamed (to be sth)惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
be ashamed to do sth因惭愧而不情愿；因尴尬而勉强
- eg. I'm ashamed to say that I lied to her.我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。

feel guilty about doing sth

rashly /'ræʃli/ adv.轻率地，无见识地

in a hasty and foolhardy manner
SYN→ headlong

apologize/əˈpɔlədʒaiz/（英式apologise）道歉

apologize sb for sth

→n. apology

astonish/əˈstɒnɪʃ/

very/greatly surprised about something 吃惊的，惊讶的
SYN→amazed
be astonished to see/find/hear/learn
- eg.We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
+by/at
- eg. I was astonished by the result.
be astonished (that)
- eg. I’m astonished that you should even think such a thing!

dye/dai/v.染色

dyeing,dyed,dyed注意-ing形式的写法，不能丢掉e变成dying

dye sth+颜色
dyed in the wool
unchanging in a particular belief or opinion; inveterate/inˈvetərət/彻头彻尾的，十足的；根深蒂固的
- eg. She's a true blue dyed-in-the-wool Conservative.她是个彻头彻尾的保守党分子。

长难句、语法：

Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.

ashamed of having acted为过去分词短语作原因状语，其中又含有一个现在分词的完成时结构，交代“感到不好意思”的原因，其省去的潜在主语是Dimitri,因为后半句也出现了Dimitri,所以为了避免重复，可以省略。
While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped.
句中的and连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，while引导时间状语从句，说明在同一时间段内同时发生的两件事情；在后一个分句中，until也引导时间状语从句，连接先后发生的两个动作。

精妙翻译：

Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!

Had been washed是过去完成时的被动语态，强调颜料完全被冲刷掉了。

DAY65

L17-1：The longest suspension bridge in the world

知识点：

单词：

suspension bridge 悬索桥，吊桥

suspension /səsˈpɛnʃən/n.悬，吊

词缀：pend-pens-悬挂

independence独立；pending悬而未决的；pendulum/ˈpendjələm/钟摆；

→v.&n.

suspend/səˈspend/ 暂停，停职，停学，悬浮

作为名词有悬浮液，悬浮的意思

agreeable /əˈgrɪəbl/adj.宜人的

反义词disagreeable

pleasant and easy to like 讨人喜欢的，宜人的
- eg. We spent a most agreeable day toghther.我们在一起度过了非常愉快的一天。
- eg. He seemed extremely agreeable.他似乎特别招人喜欢。
（不放在名词前）欣然同意 agreeable to sth
- eg. Do you think they will be agreeable to our proposal?你认为他们会爽快同意我们的提议吗？
可以接受的
agreeable to sb
- eg. The deal must be agreeable to both side.处理方法必须是双方都接受的。
  located adj. 位于，坐落在（不用于名词前）

midst /mɪdst/ n. 中部，中间

the middle part of sth
- eg. Such beauty was unexpected in the midst of the city.市中心有这样的美景真是出乎意料。
- eg. She appeared from the midst of the crowd.她从人丛中钻了出来。
in the midst of sth/of doing sth当发生某事时，在某人做某事时
- eg. a country in the midst of a recession衰退中的国家
- eg. She discovered it in the midst of sorting her father's things
in their/our/its/your midst:among or with them/us/it/you 在···中间，和··一起
- eg. There is a traitor in our midst.我们中间有个叛徒。
- eg. We're lucky to have such a man in our midst.在我们中间有这样一个人是我们的幸运。

immortal /ɪˈmɔːtl/

长生的，不朽的，永世的
- eg. The soul is immortal.
流芳百世的，永垂千古的
- eg. the immortal Goethe 名垂千古的歌德
- eg. In the immortal words of Henry Ford,'If it ain't broke, don't fix it.按照亨利福特的千古名言：如果东西没坏掉，就不要去修理它。
OPP→mortal终有一死的，不能永生的；极其严重的，致命的；极度的，极大的；n.凡人，肉眼凡胎
- eg. A man is deliberately designed to be mortal. He grows, he ages, and he dies.人注定终有一死：长大、衰老，然后消亡。
- 词缀mort-死亡：immortality不朽，不死；mortally致命地；mortician/mɔ:ˈtɪʃn/殡葬业者；mortgage/ˈmɔ:gɪdʒ/抵押

词组：

by no means

not by any means 绝不，一点也不
- eg. She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 他绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。
- eg. We haven't won yet, not by any means. 我们离成功还远着呢。
- 位于句首时，要用部分倒装。
  - eg. By no means can teaching in school be separated from practice.学校的教学决不能脱离实践。
by all means(spoken): you are very willing for sb to have sth or do sth可以，当然行，没问题
- eg. Do you mind if I have a look? By all means. 当然可以。
by means of =with the help of用，依靠，借助于
- eg. I think this can be done by means of electricity.我想可以使用电做到这一点。
by this means凭这种手段
- eg. You can do it by this means.你可以用这种方法做。

name after以……的名字命名

name sb/sth (after sb)
name sb/sth (for sb) 命名，给……取名
- eg. He was named after his father.
- eg. They named their son John.

句式：

about whom little is known鲜为人知的

know about的搭配“知道，听说”，little表示听说的程度，a little，much，a great deal，a lot， everything，something，nothing等来描述程度。

be by no means considered to be…绝对算不上是……

长难句、语法：

He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.'

located 修饰situation, which 引导定语从句，which指的是two small hills
定语从句使用倒装，原语序：a great river flowed in the midst of…
正式文体中喜欢使用介词+wh-关系代词形式，非正式中常用介词+关系副词
但有介词放在前面，后面不可以接that，如果介词在后，可以用that引导定语从句。

精妙翻译：

虽然维拉萨诺绝对算不上一个伟大的探险家，但他的名字将流芳百世，因为1964年11月21日建成的一座世界上最长的吊桥是以他的名字命名。

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