Week 24

DAY116

L28-1: Five pounds too dear

Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour. Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware. It was difficult not to be tempted. Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked.

知识点：

单词：

Wares/weəz/

n.（通常指在街上或集市上出售的）商品，货物

Someone's wares are the things that they sell, usually in the street or in a market.

eg.Vendors displayed their wares in baskets or on the ground.

辨析goods, ware, merchandise, freight, commodity

goods一般生活或商业用词，指销售或购入的商品。在店里买的东西

ware指上市待卖的商品或货物。多用复数形式。多为沿街叫卖的小贩兜售的东西

merchandise正式用词，指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称。

另外还有两个词freight指“货物”时，可与goods互换，此系美国英语。在英国，freight志指船装货物。

commodity作“商品”解时系经济学名词，也可指日用品。

Anchor/ ˈæŋkə(r)/

1.N. 锚

eg.An anchor is a heavy hooked object that is dropped from a boat into the water at the end of a chain in order to make the boat stay in one place.

2.V. 抛锚；使停泊

When a boat anchors or when you anchor it, its anchor is dropped into the water in order to make it stay in one place.

eg.We could anchor off the pier...我们可以在码头附近下锚停泊。

3.V. 把…系住；使稳住；使固定

If you anchor an object somewhere, you fix it to something to prevent it moving from that place.

eg.The roots anchor the plant in the earth...

4.N. 固定桩；系缚物；支柱；靠山

If one thing is the anchor for something else, it makes that thing stable and secure.

eg.He provided an emotional anchor for her...他是她的精神支柱。

5.V. 与…有紧密联系;使扎根;使固守

If something is anchored in something or to something, it has strong links with it.

eg.A united Germany must be firmly anchored in NATO if Europe is to remain stable...欧洲要保持稳定，德国必须统一并固守北约。

6.V. 主持（电视或电台节目，尤指新闻节目）

The person who anchors a television or radio programme, especially a news programme, is the person who presents it and acts as a link between interviews and reports which come from other places or studios.

eg.Viewers saw him anchoring a five-minute summary of regional news.观众看见他主持一个5分钟的地方新闻摘要节目。

7.N.（尤指新闻节目的）电（视）台节目主持人

The anchor on a television or radio programme, especially a news programme, is the person who presents it.

eg. He worked in the news division of ABC — he was the anchor of its 15-minute evening newscast.

他在美国广播公司的新闻部工作——他是晚间15分钟新闻播报的主持人。

Deck/ dek/

1.N.（公共汽车、船等的）层面，（一）层 A deck on a vehicle such as a bus or ship is a lower or upper area of it. 语法信息

eg. ...sitting on the top deck of the number 13 bus.

坐在 13 路公共汽车的顶层

2.N．（最上层露天的）甲板，舱面 The deck of a ship is the top part of it that forms a floor in the open air which you can walk on. 语法信息

eg.She stood on the deck and waved.

她站在甲板上挥手告别。

3.N． (录音机的)走带装置，匣仓;(唱机的)转盘支托面 A tape deck or record deck is a piece of equipment on which you play tapes or records. 语法信息

eg....the tape deck in my car...

我车里的磁带仓

4.N． (纸牌的)一副 A deck of cards is a complete set of playing cards. 语法信息

eg.Matt picked up the cards and shuffled the deck.

马特把牌拢起来洗牌。

in BRIT, usually use 英国英语通常用 pack

5.N． (房屋旁的)木制平台 A deck is a flat wooden area next to a house, where people can sit and relax or eat.

eg.A natural timber deck leads into the main room of the home.

有一个天然的木制平台通到房子的客厅。

6.V． 装饰;装点 If something is decked with pretty things, it is decorated with them. 语法信息

eg.Villagers decked the streets with bunting...

村民用彩旗装饰街道。

7.V． 击倒;打翻 If someone decks you, they hit you so that you fall over. 语法信息

eg.I hear you decked him and scared the hell out of his buddies.

我听说你一拳把他打倒在地，吓得他那些狐朋狗友屁滚尿流。

Silverware/ˈsɪlvəweə(r)/

1.N. 银器(尤指餐具)

You can use silverware to refer to all the things in a house that are made of silver, especially the cutlery and dishes.

eg. There was a serving spoon missing when Nina put the silverware back in its box.

尼娜将银餐具收拾到盒子里去的时候发现少了一把调羹。

2.N. (新闻用语中有时指体育比赛中的)银杯

Journalists sometimes use silverware to refer to silver cups and other prizes won by sports teams or players.

eg. Everton paraded their recently acquired silverware.

埃弗顿展示了他们最近获得的银杯。

ironware 铁器

Chinaware 陶器

Software 软件

Hardware 硬件

Glassware 玻璃器具

disembark

V,离船;下飞机;下车

eg.When passengers disembark from a ship, aeroplane, or bus, they leave it at the end of their journey.

n.disembarkation

tempt/ tempt/

1.V. 引诱;诱惑;吸引 Something that tempts you attracts you and makes you want it, even though it may be wrong or harmful.

eg.Reducing the income will further impoverish these families and could tempt an offender into further crime...

降低收入只会使这些家庭更加贫穷，而且可能诱使不法分子进一步犯罪。

2.V. 怂恿;利诱;诱惑 If you tempt someone, you offer them something they want in order to encourage them to do what you want them to do.

eg....a million dollar marketing campaign to tempt American tourists back to Britain...

耗资百万美元试图把美国游客重新吸引到英国来的营销活动

3.PHRASE 说晦气话，玩过火，冒险（使好运结束）

If someone says that something they say or do is tempting fate or is tempting providence, they mean they are worried that it may cause the good luck they have had so far to end.

eg.As soon as you start to talk about never having played on a losing side, it is tempting fate.

你刚说从来没输过，晦气就来了。

词组：

on board 在船[火车， 飞机， 汽车]上;已装船

load with 使装满，使受重压

句式：

no sooner...than...

“一...就...”

引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，“than”后面的从句用一般过去时.(从这里可以知道，no sooner后面是主句；than后面是从句。

eg. I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.

我一到家天就下起雨来

No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示强调，这时主句要倒装。

eg. No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.

与这个短语类似的还有 hardly ...when

意思为：“还没...就...”

eg. We had hardly gotten there when it began to rain.

我们还没到那儿,天就下起雨了.

（主句用过去完成时从句用一般过去时）

长难句、语法：

Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.

loaded with wares为过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰boats。As引导时间状语从句，说明两个动作同时发生。

Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs form Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware. before引导时间状语从句，交代船下锚前发生的事情。

It was difficult not to be tempted. it是形式主语，真正的主语是not be tempted。

Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarded. had begun bargaining为过去完成进行时。But连接两个转折关系的并列句。Until引导时间状语从句。

精妙翻译：

Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware.

• “ were soon covered with” 时间状语译到前面，翻译为“一会儿工夫”，covered with译为摆满了，很形象。

DAY117

L28-2: Five pounds too dear

I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring. I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds. Some of them were as big as marbles. The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real.

知识点：

单词：

assail/ əˈseɪl/

1.v. 猛烈抨击；强烈指责 If someone assails you, they criticize you strongly.

eg.The opposition's newspapers assail the government each day...

反对党的报纸每天都对政府进行猛烈抨击。

2.V. 猛烈袭击;暴力攻击 If someone assails you, they attack you violently. Dividing his command,

eg.Morgan assailed both strongholds at the same time...

摩根派遣部队同时袭击了两个据点。

3.V. 深受…困扰;使极为苦恼 If you are assailed by something unpleasant such as fears or problems, you are greatly troubled by a large number of them.

eg.She is assailed by self-doubt and emotional insecurity.

她被自我怀疑和情感上的不安全感所困扰。

4.V. （声音或气味）侵入，刺激 If you say that a loud sound or a strong smell assails someone's ears or nostrils, you are emphasizing that it is very intense and seems shocking or unpleasant. eg.The scent of burning metal assailed his nostrils.

燃烧的金属的味道刺激着他的嗅觉。

辨析assail ,assault

assail 指"猛烈连续地攻击"，

eg.The enemy plane assailed our defence position.

敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。

assault 语气比 assail强, 指"突然猛烈地进攻", 暗示"武力的直接接触" （如肉搏等），也有“暴力”的意思。

Eg.The enemy assaulted us at dawn.

敌人在黎明时向我进攻。

Marble/ˈmɑ:bl/

1.n.大理石；大理石制品；弹子游戏；理智，常识

eg.The house has a superb staircase made from oak and marble.

eg.A marble is one of the small balls used in the game of marbles.

eg.I'll tell it to you, although you'll probably think I've lost my marbles.

2.adj. 大理石的；冷酷无情的；有大理石花纹的

v. 把（书边）弄上大理石花纹，使有大理石的花纹

扩展： agate 玛瑙 quartz 石英

real

1.adj.真实的

eg. it wasn't a dream. It was real.

2.Adj.逼真的

eg. Whitechild's life becomes increasingly real to the reader.

怀特菜尔德的生活在读者看来越来越像是真的。

3.Adj.天然的; 非仿制的

eg. ...the smell of real leather.

…真皮的气味。

4.ad.名副其实的; 真正的例：

...his first real girlfriend.

…他的第一个名副其实的女朋友。

5.adj.真实的; 最初的例：

eg. This was the real reason for her call.

这是她打电话的真实原因。

6.adj.最重要的; 最典型的

eg.When he talks, he only gives glimpses of his real self.

他讲话时只是偶尔流露出真实的自我。

7.adj.

确实存在的; 真切而严重的（表示强调）

eg. Global warming is a real problem.

全球变暖是个确实存在的问题。

The prospect of civil war is very real.

内战爆发的可能性确实存在。

8.adj.( You can use real to emphasize a quality that is genuine and sincere.) 真实的; 真诚的 （强调）

eg. You've been drifting from job to job without any real commitment.

你从一个工作换到另一个工作，从没有真正地投入过。

9.adj.

（用在名词前）十足的，用于口语]。

eg."You must think I'm a real idiot."

“你一定认为我是个十足的傻瓜。”

10.adj.（成本或价值）实际的；净的

eg. ...the real cost of borrowing.

…借款的实际成本。

11.adv.

( You can use real to emphasize an adjective or adverb.) 非常 (用以强调形容词或副词)

eg. He is finding prison life "real tough."

他现在发现监狱生活“非常艰苦。”

12.adv.

确实地; 真正地（非正式）

eg. I have gone to premieres in my dreams but I never thought I'd do it for real.

我在梦中多次参加过首演，但我从没想到我会真的参加。

13.n. 现实；实数；雷亚尔（巴西货币标准单位）

辨析real, authentic, genuine, true, actual, factual

这组词都有“真的，真实的，实在的”的意思，其区别是：

real 普通用词，含义较广，有时可与actual和genuine换用。指一切真实的或 表面看不出虚假的事物。

authentic 常可与genuine换用，指与事实完全相符，强调准确可靠。

genuine 普通常用词，指真正的，货真价实的，强调非人为或非虚假的。

true 指同实际情况或标准完全一致。口语中多用。

actual 指事物的实际存在，并非出自主观臆造。

factual 与actual同义，但更测重根据事实，不扩大或缩小，不渲染。

real, true

real 真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的, real gold,

true 真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合 a true story

词组：

conceal the fact隐瞒事实

• conceal fact before the law 匿情

be impressed by 被...所感动；被...给予深刻印象

句式：

have no intention of doing sth=don't mean to do无意，不想，不打算…

• have no notion of不明白；完全不懂（近义词：be dim about）

  eg.I have no notion of what you're talking about.

go to great lengths to do sth.竭尽全力，尽最大的努力，不遗余力…

• “不遗余力”to spare no effort，spare no pains

  eg.Our track record shows we go to great lengths to bring the truth to the world without fear or favour.

  eg.He said NATO will continue to spare no effort in the fight against terrorism.

  eg.With this in mind, we will be more determined to make history, to spare no pains for the good of our posterity.

长难句、语法：

as…as…

1.中间只能用形容词或副词的原级，不能用比较级或最高级。如果在第二个as之后使用独立的人称代词，一般说来用主格(较正式)或宾格(非正式)均可。

eg. He’s as old as she [her]. 他年纪跟她一样大。

但是，若第二个as之后的人称代词跟有谓语动词，则该人称代词只能用主格。

eg. He is as old as she is.

但是有时用主格或宾格含义差别很大：

eg.You love him as much as I (=as I love him). 你爱他像我爱他一样。

eg.You love him as much as me (=as you love me). 你爱他像爱我一样。

第二个as后接从句时，该as通常为连词，但有时这个as还充当其后从句的主语或宾语，此时该as实为关系代词。

eg.I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。

eg.We’ve got food for as many people as want it. 我们的食物，无论多少人吃都够了。

2.用于否定句

在肯定句中用as…as, 在否定句中用not as…as或not so…as 均可。

eg.He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。

3.关于比较对象

使用该结构要注意比较对象的一致性，即比较的双方必须是可以比较的同类人或物，否则会出错。如：

你的房间与我的一样大。

正：Your room is as large as mine

误：Your room is as large as me.

4.涉及数量或程度

如果涉及数量或程度可用：as much+ (不可数名词+) as / as many+ (可数名词复数+) as。如：

You must speak English as much as possible. 你必须尽可能地多说英语。

You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。

You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。

I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。

5.注意下列结构的词序

她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。

正：She is a cook as good as her mother.

正：She is as good a cook as her mother.

误：She is as a good cook as her mother.

其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。

eg. She is as good a teacher as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。

也可说。eg. She is a teacher as good as her mother.

但不说。eg. She is as a good teacher as her mother. / They are as good teachers as us.

6.关于修饰语

修饰as…as结构的常见词语有nearly, almost, just, exactly, half, quite, twice, three times等，请注意这些修饰语都只能放在as…as 结构之前,而不能置于其中或其后。即这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于其后。

eg.I earn half as much as you do. 我只赚你的一半钱。

eg.This rope is twice as long as that one. 这根绳子比那根长一倍。

7.省略用法

as…as结构在一定的上下文中可以用其省略结构(即省去其中的一个 as)。

eg. She’s clever, but her brother is just as clever. 她很聪明，但她兄弟也一样聪明。

eg. The woman married a man poor as herself. 这个女人嫁给了一个与她一样穷的男人。

另外，若意思明确，有时可省略第二个as及其后的相关词语。如：

精妙翻译：

I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.我根本不想买，但我不能掩饰这样一个事实：其钻石之大给我留下了深刻的印象。

• of buying one为介词短语，作后置定语，修饰intention，即“买的欲望”的意思。That引导同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明。

DAY118

L28-3: Five pounds too dear

As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass. It took me over half an hour to get rid of him. The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.I examined one of the pens closely. It certainly looked genuine. At the base of the gold cap, the words "made in the U.S.A" had been neatly inscribed.

知识点：

单词：

impression /ɪmˈprɛʃən/ n.印象，印迹

1.做“印象”讲，动词impress

在课文前面有：

I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.

• first impression 第一印象

• overall impression 总体印象

• make a good impression 留个好印象

  eg.I have a favourable impression of her.我对她印象很好。

2.这里的impression是“印迹”

Eg.He noticed that there was the impression of a car's wheel in the snow.

genuine /ˈʤɛnjʊɪn/真实的，真正的；诚恳的

（比较级 more genuine 最高级 most genuine ）

genuine leather 真皮

genuine gold 纯金，赤金

genuine diamond 真钻石的

genuine partnership 真正的合作伙伴

辨析“genuine, true, actual”

genuine “真的”，“非冒充的”，“货真价实的”，强调正宗而非冒牌。

true “真实的”，指与实际相符，而非虚假。

actual 意为“实际的”，“现实的”，指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在，而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。

neatly /ˈniːtli/ 整洁地；熟练地；灵巧地a neat desk

同近义词：nattily /'nætili/ 整洁地

词根： neat

adj.

neat 灵巧的；整洁的；优雅的；齐整的；未搀水的；平滑的

n.

neatness 干净，整洁

vt.

neaten 整理；整顿

inscribe /ɪnˈskraɪb/ v.

1.题写，刻

Eg.Some galleries commemorate donors by inscribing their names on the walls.

2.题献,题赠

Eg.to inscribe a photo to a friend

把一张照片题赠给朋友

3.铭记，牢记：

Eg.to inscribe something on one's memory

将某事铭记在心

词组：

get rid of 摆脱，既可以表达扔掉一个东西，也可以表达摆脱一个人

Why don't you get rid of your old bicycle？

He did not get rid of his guests until midnight.

句式：

It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.

• It takes sb. some time to do sth .做某事花某人时间。其中的It 是形式主语。代替后面的不定式(短语)。

  Eg.It will take us a whole week to travel through the forest. 穿过这片森林得用我们一整周时间。

  Eg.It took them 3 days to finish the work.干完这项工作用了他们3天时间。

长难句、语法：

As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass.我们路过一家商店时，他将一颗钻石使劲地往橱窗上一按，在玻璃上留下一道深痕。

as表示“当…时候”，引导时间状语从句，交代“边走边做的事情是…”。

The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.向我兜售的第二个人是卖名贵钢笔和手表的。to approach me为动词不定式短语，作man的后置定语。approach是“接近”的意思。

精妙翻译：

At the base of the gold cap, the words‘made in the U.S.A.’had been neatly inscribed.

• 金笔帽下方整齐地刻有 “美国制造 ”字样。

这里made in the USA作words的同位语，放在所修饰的名词前面，充当定语。

DAY119

L28-4: Five pounds too dear

The man said that the pen was worth ￡50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for ￡30. I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay ￡5. Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to ￡10.

知识点：

单词：

favour / feɪvə这里是音标（请不要用[],用//做音标的分界线）/N

1.喜爱; 支持

eg. It remains to be seen if the show will find favour with an audience.

这场演出是否将获得观众喜爱还要拭目以待。

No one would look with favour on the continuing military rule.

没有人会支持继续的军事统治。

2.N. 恩惠

eg. I've come to ask you to do me a favour.我是来请你帮我一个忙的。

3.V. 更喜欢

eg. The French say they favour a transition to democracy.法国人说他们更喜欢向民主的过渡。

4.V. 偏袒

eg. The company has no rules about favouring U.S. citizens during layoffs.

该公司没有在裁员期间偏袒美国公民的规定。

5.in favour of

支持

eg. I wouldn't be in favour of income tax cuts.

我不会支持削减所得税。

有助于; 有利于

eg. The protection that farmers have enjoyed amounts to a bias in favour of the countryside.

农民们享受到的保护几乎就是对农村有利的一种偏袒。

(两物相比之下) 宁愿选择

eg. The policy was rejected in favour of a more cautious approach.

这一政策未被采纳，而是选择了一个更谨慎的方法。

6.in favour/out of favour 得宠/失宠; 得到/失去…的支持

eg. Governments and party leaders can only hope to remain in favour with the public for so long.

政府和政党领导人们只能希望一直得到公众的支持。

辨析profit, advantage, benefit, interest, favour, gain

这组词都有“利益、好处”的意思，其区别是：

profit 着重收益，尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利益。

advantage 指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。

benefit 普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。

interest 作“利益”解时，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益。

favour 指在竞争中获得的advantage,也可指在狭隘的个人利益。

gain 指获得的物质利益，也暗示不损坏他人利益而得的无形好处。

gesticulate /dʒɛˈstɪkjʊˌleɪt/ ( gesticulating, gesticulated, gesticulates )

V.打手势

eg. The architect was gesticulating at a hole in the ground.

gesticulation N. 打手势

eg. We communicated mainly by signs, gesticulation, and mime.

我们主要通过信号、手势和哑剧动作来交流。

Gesture /'dʒestʃə/

n. 姿态；手势

vi. 作手势；用动作示意

vt. 用动作表示

1.N. 手势（make a gesture）

eg. Sarah made a menacing gesture with her fist.

2.N. 姿态; 表示

eg. He questioned the government's commitment to peace and called on it to make a gesture of good will.

3.V. 打手势; 用动作示意

eg. I gestured toward the boathouse, and he looked inside.

我朝停船小屋打手势，他在里面看了看

outrageous /aʊtˈreɪdʒəs/adj.不可接受的; 令人震惊的eg. By diplomatic standards, this was outrageous behaviour. 按外交标准，这是不可接受的行为。

outrageously adv. 不可接受地; 令人震惊地

eg. ...outrageously expensive skin care items.

…贵得不可接受的护肤品。

词组：

as a special favour 作为一种特殊的优惠，其中special favour的意思是“特别优惠”

shake one's head “摇头”

held up one’s fingers 伸出手指

句式：

Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to ￡10.钱降到了10英镑。

• gesticulating wildly是现在分词短语，在句中充当伴随状语。

  as if引导方式状语从句，

  当所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性，通常用陈述语气，句子的谓语为look,seem,taste,smell,sound等。

  eg. It looks as if they have succeeded in the experiment.看来好像他们试验成功了.

  当所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词一般用过去时。

  eg.The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.

长难句、语法：

I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay ￡5.

我摇摇头，伸出 5根手指表示我只愿出 5镑钱。

indicating为现在分词，作伴随状语，说明“伸出手指”的意思是that引导的宾语从句的内容。

精妙翻译：

he would let me have it for ￡30.

• have it for ￡30需要出30英镑才可以拥有。Have it使用很简洁巧妙。

  扩展：I have had it的字面意思是"我已经拥有它了，我已经得到它了"，但其实I have had it是一个固定的用法，在美语对话中还是经常使用的，相当于中文中的"我受够了，我忍无可忍了"的意思。

  通常在人们因为某件事比较愤怒、烦躁的时候就会说这句话。

  eg.I have had it with my mean boss, so I decide to quit.

DAY120

L28-5: Five pounds too dear

Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands. Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the ￡5 I gave him. I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain----until I got back to the ship. No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single word!

知识点：

单词：

shrug /ʃrʌɡ/ ( shrugging, shrugged, shrugs )

1.V. 耸肩

eg. I shrugged, as if to say, "Why not?"

2.N. 耸肩

eg. "I suppose so," said Anna with a shrug.

3.同义词：hunch [hʌn(t)ʃ]

4.shrug off 摆脱；抖去；不屑理睬；耸肩表示蔑视；扭身脱掉衣服

thrust /θrʌst/

1.V. 猛推; 猛塞; 猛刺

eg. They thrust him into the back of a jeep.

2.V.挤; 推

eg. She thrust her way into the crowd.

3.V. 竖起; 挺出（文学性）

eg....a seedling ready to thrust up into any available light. …一株正要挺出来迎接光线的幼苗。

4.N. 猛推; 猛塞; 猛刺

eg. Two of the knife thrusts were fatal.

猛刺的其中两刀是致命的。

5.N. (车辆等的) 推力

eg.It provides the thrust that makes the craft move forward.

辨析thrust, propel, shove, push

这组词都有“推、推动”的意思，其区别是：

thrust 常指迅猛地一推或突然有力地推进，侧重速度。

propel 侧重指靠外力把人或物稳定、持续地向前推进。

shove 一般指猛或费力地推开或移动人或物。

push 普通用词，指用突然的力量把人或物推向前进、推开或推到另一位置上。解释

readily /ˈrɛdɪlɪ/

1.adv. 乐意地

eg. I asked her if she would allow me to interview her, and she readily agreed.

我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。

2.adv. 容易地; 迅速地

eg. The components are readily available in hardware stores.

这些零件在五金商店容易买到。

词组：

Shrug one’s shoulders 耸肩

in despair 绝望地

keep throwing up one’s arms 举起双手

feel pleased with 对…满意

to this day至今，迄今，直到现在

句式：no matter how…

• “无论如何，无论怎样”，后接从句。

eg.No matter how many patients come， we shall be able to look after them

长难句、语法：

No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single word!no matter how引导让步状语从句，其后的it为形式主语，真正的主语是to fill this beautiful pen with ink。

精妙翻译：

Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands.

• 我耸耸肩膀掉头走开了。一会儿，他突然从后追了上来，把笔塞到我手里。

这里，shrugging my shoulders为现在分词短语，作方式状语，表示“以耸肩膀的方式”走开。When引导时间状语从句，交代“我”走开时发生的事情。a moment later作插入语。注意shrug,walk,run和thrust动作先后的关系。