Week 7

DAY31

L8-3：A famous monastery

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -30° and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.

知识点：

单词：

enclosure/ɪnˈkloʊʒər/围场，圈地；信或包裹中的附件

• 有fence或wall

  Eg. An enclosure for horse

  Eg. The members’ enclosure（体育场中）会员观众席

• stall货位，摊位；（农场建筑中圈养单只牲畜的）隔栏，分隔间（牲畜棚）

  Eg. shower stall 淋浴小隔间

• →enclose：build a wall or fence around sth围起来

  常用被动be enclosed

  Eg. The mountains were enclosed in mist.

  • Enclose sth (with sth)

    Eg. Please return the completed form, enclosing a recent photograph.

    辨析：enclose, encircle, wrap, envelop, fence, surround 包 enclose: to build a wall, fence, etc. around sth 指把某物四周围住或封闭起来，使之与外界隔绝 wrap: put cloth, paper around sb/sth 用纸等材料包裹

    be wrapped up with/in sth 用该形象得到引申含义give too much attention to专心致志于，全神贯注于，完全沉浸在=be absorbed in eg. Mr. Kramer has been so wrapped up with his career that he has no time to take care of his family. eg. be wrapped up in English

    encircle： (formal) to surround sb/sth completely in a circle侧重在某事物周围围成一个圈，圆的形状 Envelop/ɪnˈveləp/：envelop sb/sth (in sth) (formal) to wrap sb/sth up or cover them or it completely着重指把某个物体完全包起来或整个封起来,envelope发音不同 fence通常指用栅栏栏开或围起来

    • fence sb in

      引申口语含义：限制（某人）的自由，束缚

      to limit someone's activity in a way that annoys them or makes them unhappy

      eg.I feel fenced in by all the rules and regulations at work.

    surround：普通用词，既可指环绕、围绕，也可指军事上的包围

minus /ˈmainəs/ "－"负的

minus 30 degrees=30 degrees below zero

词组：

during the summer months夏天的几个月里

During＋静态名词；不能＋doing During the weekend 反义：during the week=on weekdays During the journey

in cars驾车

in 后面可以加复数，如果是by的话后面只能跟单数且不可以有任何修饰词 原文为强调复数概念，没有用by car

be kept in被关

be kept in hospital/indoors/prison

drop to（气温，价格等）下降到

近义：

• decline词根词缀：de-向下，向不好；clime爬∴→是下降，常指quantity

  eg. a decline in birth rate

• descend v.下降height

  eg. A plane descends.

句式：

As there are so many people about，……

about为副词，作“附近，到处”讲，也可用around表示

• 课后题替换句式，用with的独立主格结构：With so many people about

精妙翻译：

• During the summer months

  夏天的几个月里（months这里用复数，∴翻译成几个月）

• Life at the monatery is quite different

  修道院里的生活则是另一番景象

• very busy 忙忙碌碌，若用来形容商场、闹市则可译为熙熙攘攘

• very few people attempt to cross the Pass

  试图跨越山口的人寥寥无几

DAY32

L8-4：A famous monastery

The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

知识点：

单词：

privacy 英/ˈprivəsi/美/ˈpraɪvəsi/ n.清净；隐私

in private私下的（英美发音相同i是ai） eg. I don’t want my privacy to be disturbed.隐私 eg. You may not enjoy privacy in a busy city.清净

wander英/ˈwɒndə/ 美 /ˈwɑːn.dɚ/区别wonder发音/ˈwʌndə/

辨析wander, roam, ramble, stroll闲逛 wander指无目的漫步、游逛;也可指“偏离话题”、“走神”的意思

• eg. Tom likes to wander up and down the streets at his leisure time.

  空闲时间汤姆喜欢在街道上游逛。

• eg. We can wander through the field, breathing fresh air and enjoying the sunshine.

  我们可以漫步在田间,呼吸新鲜空气,享受阳光淋浴。

• eg. Don’t wander from the subject we are discussing.

  不要偏离我们讨论的主题。

roam与wander最接近，常指在广阔地方以愉快的心情作无固定目标的漫游，也可指思维的漫游或臆想。

• eg. The young photographer roamed here and there in the city to see if there was anything special for him to take photos.

  这位年轻摄影师在这个城市东逛西荡，看有什么特别的东西可以拍照。

• eg. Though the likelihood of complex life is virtually nonexistent, we can still let our fancy roam.

  虽然复杂的生命几乎是不可能存在的,但我们仍可以让我们的想像开阔一点。

ramble指漫不经心、轻松愉快地漫步、游逛（尤指乡间），也可指“闲聊”、“瞎扯”、“漫谈” ，ramble可作名词：a ~=a long walk in the countryside

• eg. My holiday afternoons were spent in rambling about the surrounding country.

  每逢假日的下午,我都在周围乡下漫步闲荡。

• eg. The old lady began to ramble about the days of her youth.

  这位老妇人开始絮叨她年轻时候的往事。

stroll常指无明确目的他悠闲而缓慢地漫游、闲逛、溜达，stroll可用作名词

• eg. My husband and I often stroll through the streets after supper.

  晚饭后，我和妹妹常在街上散步。

• eg. After dinner, they took a stroll on the White Hourse South Lawn.

  就餐后，他们在白宫的南草坪散步

skier /ˈski:ə(r)/滑雪者

• skater/ˈskeɪtə(r)/ 滑冰者

Easter/ˈi:stə/ n 复活节

对于基督徒仅次于圣诞节，每年约在3月-4月期间

词组：

prefer to

• prefer A to B 喜欢A不喜欢B，相较于B更喜欢A，“宁可A也不喜欢B”。

  eg. I prefer classical music to pop music.

• prefer doing A to doing B

  eg. I prefer studying English at home to taking advanced study abroad.

• prefer to A rather than B

• I prefer than＋句子（宁可）

  辨析： prefer doing 更喜欢做某事，一般性倾向，即对某种行为的“偏爱” prefer to do sth暂指特定的或某次具体的动作，即在一定的场合下宁愿做什么

regular visitors （造访）常客

• regular pilgrim 朝圣的香客

• regular customer （光顾）熟客

• regular lawyer 职业律师

• regular army 正规军

• regular guy 可亲近信赖的人，好人

receive a warm welcome 受到热烈欢迎

不可以用express，express指用语言表达情感

• extend a warm welcome表示热烈欢迎

• 中英文化差异

  英国海洋性气候为主，四季区分不明显，∴很少用到hot，只用warm就已经比较热了，又加之英民的保守和传统，用warm就表示热情已经很足了

  warm welcome热烈的

  hearty welcome真心实意的

  sincere welcome真诚的

  heated discussion热烈讨论

at St. Bernard's monastery：介词at

• 功能单一时用"at"

  at the railway station

  at the capital airport

• 功能复杂或无功能用"in"

  in a tiny village

  in a small town

• 只要是活动有关用"at"

  at the meeting

  at the party

  at the performance

parties of skiers

• 注意体会集合量词内的情感

  a party of visitors

  a host of friends狐朋狗友

  a community of monks（群居）一群僧侣

  a bevy of young women （bevy一般描述女性）

  an odd collection of people一群怪人

  a flood of refugees一群难民

  a galaxy of beauties 一群美女

长难句、语法：

These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery. 这些热爱高山清静环境的年轻人每年都受到圣伯纳德修道院的热烈欢迎。 其中的从句是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。

精妙翻译：

The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. 狗也比较自由，被放出围栏，四处溜达。 我的翻译：狗也有更多自由，因为他们被允许在围栏外面溜达。

DAY33

L9-1：Flying cats

Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well. They never become submissive like dogs and horses. As a result，humans have learned to respect feline independence. Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives.

知识点：

单词：

fascinate /ˈfæsineit/使着迷，使神魂颠倒

have fascination for sb.课后题替换fascinate sb（注意 for）

辨析： fascinate, enthral, attract, captivate, charm, enchant, allure吸引，迷恋

fascinate 用无法抗拒(承受)的力量来招引

• sth always fascinate me

• eg. China has always fascinated me.

  中国一直令我心驰神往。

enthral英enthrall美/ɪn'θrɔːl/

• sth enthral sb某人被吸引且投入了全部的注意力，常涉及listening or watching，迷住听众或观众

• eg. enthralling story/race引人入胜的故事/比赛

• eg. The audience was enthralled for two hours by a sparkling, dramatic performance.

  两个小时的表演妙趣横生，高潮迭起，观众们看得如醉如痴。

attract 可能是大家最熟悉的了，吸引某人或某物。

• attract one's attention吸引某人注意

• eg. The warm damp air attracts a lot of mosquitoes.

  温暖潮湿的空气引来了很多蚊子。

captivate 是用美貌使人失魂

• eg. The son is so captivate with the woman that he does not heed his parents' warning.

  儿子为这个女人神魂颠倒，全然不顾他父母的告诫。

charm 用令人愉快的魅力使他人着迷

• sth charm sb

  eg. Her eyes charm me always.

  eg. The film has an easy charm, something always expected of French films.

  影片有一种法国电影轻松悠闲的迷人气质。

enchant 与charm基本相同，但程度比charm要强

• eg. Be you let me enchant a direction.是你让我迷失了方向。

allure/əˈlʊə(r)/ 是通过提供快乐的事物来吸引，或者mysterious

• eg. The beautiful beaches of Hawaii allure many tourists from the mainland of the United States.

  夏威夷美丽的海滨吸引了许多从美国本土来的游客。

affectionate 美 /ə'fɛkʃənət/深情的；充满爱的

• n.affection：love

  maternal affection母爱（正式）

  maternal love母爱（口语）

• 一组情感词：

  • sentimental多情的，多愁善感的

  • sensitive敏感的

  • emotional情感的，情绪化的

  • beloved深爱着的

  • eg. Women are said to be more sentimental and emotional than men.

mysterious/mɪˈstɪəriəs/神秘的，难以理解的

• 只要对某事不明白都可以用这个词

辨析：mysterious, confusing, mystical(mystic)

mysterious含strange，不理解，不明白之意思，

• sb be mysterious about sth 指sb故意为了让sth变的神秘而吸引别人

• eg. a mysterious stranger

confusing迷惑的 mystical不可思议的；难以解释的；神秘兮兮的，有从教派角度的含义：神秘的，神秘主义的

• eg. mystical forces/powers神秘力量/能量

• eg. mystic beauty不可思议的美丽

• eg. the mystical life潜修生活（mysticism神秘主义）

• →n. mystery

辨析：mystery，enigma，riddle，sphinx谜

Mystery n. 费力难解的事

• eg. It is a mystery for her company to weather the financial storm

enigma/ɪˈnɪɡmə/ 书面语的谜

• eg. His death is an enigma to us

Riddle谜语，难解的谜，猜不透的事情

• eg. Its a riddle that is still at large

Sphinx/sfɪŋks/：an ancient image of a lion with a human head

• eg. the Sphinx狮身人面像（埃及）

• 口语引申：像迷一样的人

• eg. Ben larden remains a sphinx

submissive 美/səb'mɪsɪv/ 顺从的；服从的；柔顺的

辨析obedient, tame, submissive服从，顺从的 obedient/əˈbiːdiənt/ 行动，行为上对权威的服从 tame/teim/ 与wild相对应，指动物驯化的，驯服的 submissive 指从内在，意志上顺从，服从

• 引申1：docile英/ˈdəʊsaɪl/美/ˈdɑːsəl/：quiet and easily controlled

  eg. a docile child听话的孩子

• 引申2：meek and mild（女人）温顺的，温和的，贤惠的

  修辞中，前后重复的形容词作同一修饰

  eg. A meek and mild wife

feline 美 /'filaɪn/猫科动物； 猫科的

-ine……科的动物 Canine/ˈkeɪnaɪn/犬科 Bovine/ˈbəʊvaɪn/牛类 Swine/swaɪn/猪类 Cast pearls before swines对牛弹琴

suspicious 美 /sə'spɪʃəs/ 可疑的；怀疑的

→v.suspect Suspect sb of doing sth He was suspected of stealing →n.suspicion Be under suspicion

词组：

Remain suspicious of sth 对…起疑；对……存有戒心；不信（人、动物共用）

→suspicious怀疑不是真的，怀疑不是好的 eg. Little kids remain suspicious of strangers. →Doubt：to feel uncertain 不确定 I doubt whether he can come or not. Do not doubt that相信 I don’t doubt that to stick to my dream will lead to success.

Lead a …life

Lead a mysterious life Lead a dog’s life过着凄惨的生活

Of one’s own 自己的

On one’s own：without any help依靠自己 I became independent of my parents and began to make a living on my own

• for one’s own good为……好，为……着想

  I know what you have said is for my own good

As a result结果是

• As a result of

  As a result of the long drought, the area is greatly short of water.

• In consequence of作为……的后果，∴翻译成由于

  In consequence of green house effect, the earth is getting warmer and warmer.

All one’s life

可都变复数All their lives 引申：

• For life 终身

  eg. He keeps single for life.

• For dear life 拼命地

  eg. I tried to catch the train for dear life

句式：

Never fail to do sth 总是能

eg. English never fails to fascinate me.

• Never…without…

  eg. They never meet without quarreling. 一见面就吵架

  eg. Nothing can be gained without pains but poverty. 只有贫穷是可以不劳而获的。

Cats never become submissive like dogs and horses.

课后题like是prep.不能替换成as。若换as只能是一个句子（as是连词），替换为in the ways that dogs and horses do.

精妙翻译：

Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.猫总能引起人们的兴趣。 双重否定代表肯定。

DAY34

L9-2：Flying cats

One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. Apparently，there is a good deal of truth in this idea. A cat's ability to survive falls is based on fact. Recently the New York Animal Medical Center made a study of 132 cats over a period of five months.

知识点：

单词：

popular 英 /'pɒpjʊlə/ 美 /'pɑpjəlɚ/

adj. 流行的，通俗的；受欢迎的；大众的；普及的

period 英 /'pɪərɪəd/ 美 /'pɪrɪəd/ 注意英美发音，n. 周期，期间

词组：

be based on 在……基础之上 New York Animal Medical Centre纽约动物医疗中心

句式：

Apparently,...显然，……

Based on what you have heard is true although you are not completely sure about it 类似it would seem that eg. It would seem that husband actually wants his spouse to be a devoted and supportive wife and a good and loving mother. 引申：

• Obviously（最）明显的

• Clearly

• Sure enough

• Apparently（最弱的）似乎……还是……

survive sth 及物动词用法（不加介词）幸免 survive in sth非及物动词用法 eg. The little girl survive the flood. eg. How can we survive this romance. eg. I don’t know how to survive your tears. →Survival n.幸存者 The survival of the fittest适者生存

精妙翻译：

通俗的信念 the popular belief 大家普遍接受的观点 这种说法里面包含许多真实性 there is a good deal of truthin this idea 跌落时大难不死 survive falls.

DAY35

L9-3：Flying cats

All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries. Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study，because there is no shortage of tall buildings. There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall from！One cat, Sabrina, fell 32 storeys, yet only suffered from a broken tooth.

知识点：

单词：

shock (原来惯性以为本文指猫受震惊吓死的，如今看翻译才意识到代表震动的意思）

n. 休克；震惊；震动；打击；禾束堆 vt. 使休克；使震惊；使震动；使受电击；把…堆成禾束堆 vi. 感到震惊；受到震动；堆成禾束堆 adj. 浓密的；蓬乱的 eg. She was immobilized by shock (n.). 她由于震惊而目瞪口呆。 eg. The shock (n.) was so great that she blacked out. 打击如此之大以至使她暂时失去了记忆。

ideal

adj. 理想的；完美的；想象的；不切实际的 n. 理想；典范 eg. The arrangements, if not ideal (adj.), are fairly satisfactory. 安排虽不算理想， 但也相当满意。

high-rise (可作名词或形容词，本文作形容词形容windowsills,可直接作名词表示高楼）

adj. 高楼的；超高层的 n. 高楼；大厦 eg. If you live in an apartment building or high-rise, talk to the manager about the safest place inthe building for sheltering and about providing for building occupants until it is safe to go out. 如果你住在公寓或者高层建筑，可与大厦的经理交谈，找到大楼中最为安全的地方以进行躲避，并且要求给大楼内的居住者提供可以维持到可以安全出去时的生活所需。

windowsills/ˈwɪndəʊsɪl/ n. [建] 窗台；[建] 窗沿

词组：

high/tall building 高楼（可以用high/tall形容）

in common 共同的；共有的

have sth. in common with sb/sth与……有相同点 eg. We have nothing in common. 我们两个没有共同语言。

与fall相关 （fell/fallen/falling）

fall off: 减少；跌落；下降；离开；衰退 fall from: 从…落下 eg. there are plenty of fish in the sea. eg. You are not the only pebble on the beach.

• fall 32 storeys强调过程

• fall from/off the 32nd storey强调起始位置

引申其他短语： fall in love 坠入爱河；爱上某人 fall into 落入；分成 fall in love with 爱上 fall of 坠落 fall down 跌倒；失败；倒塌 in the fall 在秋天 rise and fall 涨落；抑扬 fall off 减少；跌落；下降；离开；衰退 fall on 落到；指向 fall from 从…落下 fall behind 拖欠；落在后面 free fall 自由下落 fall back 退却,后退；[计]回落 fall ill 生病 fall for something 相信某事 fall for 迷恋；信以为真 fall back on 退到；求助于；回头再说 fall out 发生；脱落；争吵；离队；结果是 fall under 受到（影响等）；被归入

Die from: 死于；因…而死（外因）

eg. die from shock死于外因震动 eg. die from overwork过劳死

• die of 死于内因（疾病，年龄，饥饿）

  eg. die of cancer死于癌症

• die by 死于某种方式 die by drowning淹死（表方式）

• be dying for sth （to do sth）迫切想要(做)某事。 eg. He is dying for something to eat. 他极想弄点东西吃。 She is dying to know where he has gone. 他迫切想知道他到哪里去了。 die for knowledge

• die away (声音、风、光线等)渐息，渐弱。如：声音、风、光线等The breeze has died away. 微风渐渐止住了。The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的响声消失在远处。

• die down (慢慢)熄灭，平静下来。如：The fire died down. 火慢慢熄了。His anger has died down a bit. 他的怒气已消了一点

• die off 一个一个地死去 (=die one by one)。如：As he grew older, his relatives all died off. 随着他年龄的增长，他的亲人都一个一个地死去了。

• die out (家族、种族、习俗、观念等)灭绝，绝迹。如：Many old customs are dying out. 许多旧习俗正在消失。

（no） shortage of （不）缺少……

eg. The shortage of oil will probably drive prices up. 石油短缺很有可能迫使价格上涨。 eg. These is shortage of water in ShanXi.

• no与not

  He is no teacher. 决不可能是

  He is not teacher. 不是

  no more than = only

  not more than不多于

• 短缺……

  • be short of sth

  • be in want of sth

    eg. people are in want of permanent peace需要永久的和平，现在没有和平

  • run out of

    I’m running out of breath上气不接下气

suffer from 忍受，遭受；患…病；受…之苦

He often suffers from headaches.他常头痛。 You must have suffered from a cold.你一定是感冒了。 Suffer from seasick/Homesick/lovesick

辨析1： stand, bear, endure, tolerate, suffer, abide, withstand忍受 stand ： 口语用词，常可与bear换用，但前者侧重指经受得起，后者强调容忍，是普通用语。 endure ： 书面用词，指长时间忍受痛苦和不幸，着重体力或意志力的坚强不屈服。 tolerate ： 指以自我克制的态度，对待令人反感或厌恶的东西，含默认宽容意味。 suffer ： 通常指非自愿或被迫忍受各种痛苦、困难或不快，强调受到苦难。 abide ： 指忍受长期的痛苦或折磨，强调耐心和屈从。多用于否定句和疑问句中。 withstand ： 指因具有一定实力、权力或能力而能忍受某种情况。

辨析2：undergo, experience, sustain, suffer经历，经受，遭受 undergo ： 多指经受艰难、痛苦、不愉快或危险等事。 experience ： 指亲身经受或体验某事。 sustain ： 指遭受痛苦或承受负担。 suffer常可与sustain通用，尤指受到损害或伤害。

精妙翻译：

All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries. 所有这些猫都有一个共同的特征：他们都曾从高层建筑上摔下来过，但只有其中的8只猫死于震荡或跌伤。 Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study，because there is no shortage of tall buildings. There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall from！ 当然，纽约是进行这种有趣的实验的一个理想的地方，因为那里根本不缺乏高楼大厦，有的是高层的窗户从上往下坠落。