Week 37

DAY181

Lesson41-1:Illusions of Pastoral peace

The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. City born and city bred, I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the week-end. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country. Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months.

知识点：

单词：

pastoral英 /ˈpɑːstərəl/ 美 /ˈpæstərəl/

1.（艺术品、文章或音乐）描写乡村生活的，乡村风情的A pastoral piece of art, writing, or music represents the pleasant and traditional features of the countryside

eg.The painting depicts an idyllic pastoral scene of shepherds watching over their grazing sheep.这幅画里牧羊人看守着吃草的羊群，呈现出了田园诗般的乡村风情。

breed 英/bred/ 美 /bred/

Verb

1.to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in a controlled way （为繁殖目的）饲养

Eg.Terriers are bred for their fighting instincts.交配繁殖梗狗是为了保持它们好斗的本性。

Eg.His main income comes from breeding cattle.他的主要收入来自养牛。

2.(of animals) to have sex and produce young animals（动物）交配繁殖

Eg.The blackbird, like most birds, breeds in the spring.乌鸫和大多数鸟一样是在春天繁殖。

3.to cause or be the source of; engender; give rise to:引起，造成

Eg.Dirt breeds disease. Stagnant (不流动的)water breeds mosquitoes.

4.to be engendered（引起，产生） or produced; grow; develop:

Bacteria(细菌) will not breed in alcohol.

Noun

5.Genetics. a relatively homogenous（同源的，同质的，同类的） group of animals within a species, developed and maintained by humans.

6.lineage(家系，血统); stock; strain:

Eg.She comes from a fine breed of people.

7.sort; kind; group:

Eg.Scholars are a quiet breed.

Rapture 英/ˈræptʃə(r)/ 美 /ˈræptʃər/

1.extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement狂喜；欢天喜地；兴高采烈

Eg.He listened to the music with an expression of pure rapture on his face.他听着音乐，脸上一副陶醉的样子。

Eg.The prime minister's supporters greeted her speech with rapture.首相的演讲赢得了支持者们阵阵热烈的欢呼。

2.an expression of extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement欣喜若狂；狂喜的表示；欢呼

Eg.She went into raptures at the news of her success.听到自己成功的消息，她欣喜若狂。

Eg.She was in raptures about/over her first visit to Paris.这是第一次去巴黎，她高兴得欢呼雀跃。

virtue 英/ˈvɜːtʃuː/ ; 美 /ˈvɜːrtʃuː/

1.behaviour or attitudes that show high moral standards

Eg.Courage is a virtue.勇气是一种美德。

2.a particular good quality or habit

eg.The virtue of a small car is that you can park it easily.小型车的好处就是容易停车。（此处相当于advantage)

Idioms

1.by /in virtue of= by reason of=because of:

Eg.to act by virtue of one's legitimate authority.

2.make a virtue of necessity=to make the best of a difficult or unsatisfactory situation.

extol 英 /ɪkˈstəʊl/ 美 /ɪkˈstoʊl/extolled, extolling.

1.to praise something or someone very much赞扬；赞颂；赞美

Eg.His book extolling the benefits of vegetarianism sold thousands of copies.他那本宣扬素食益处的书卖出了好几千本。

Eg.She is forever extolling the virtues of her children.她总在夸耀自己家孩子的优点。

词组：

词组1 born and bred

born and having grown up in a particular place with a particular background and education城里生，城里长

Eg.He was born and bred in Boston.

Eg.I'm a Londoner, born and bred.

词组2 be in, go into, etc. raptures (about/over somebody/something)

to feel or express extreme pleasure or enthusiasm for somebody/something变得欣喜若狂起来

Eg.The critics went into raptures about her performance.

Eg.The last minute goal sent the fans into raptures.

词组3 go into

to enter a certain kind of state or to achieve a kind of effect

Eg.go into a temper 发脾气

Eg.go into effect 开始生效

词组4 at the mere mention of

一提起......就……

Eg.She blushed at the mere mention of her name.一提起她的名字，她就脸红了。

词组4 extol somebody/something

1.to praise somebody/something very much

Eg.Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat.

2.extol somebody/something as something

Eg.She was extolled as a genius.

Extol is used with these nouns as the object: benefit virtue.

句式：

句式1 City born and city bred. I have always regarded the country assomethingyou look at through a train window, orsomethingyou occasionally visit during the weekend.

此处 something ... something ...用两个比较，是想形容乡村生活离自己很远，最多只是偶尔用来消遣的。

DAY182

Lesson41-2:Illusions of Pastoral peace

Evenhestill lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to townlife. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere,the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living. Nothing can be compared,he maintains, with the first cock crow, the twittering of birds at dawn, thesight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. This idyllicpastoral scene is only part of the picture. My friend fails to mention the longand friendless winter evenings which are interrupted only by an occasionalvisit to the local cinema-virtually the only form of entertainment.

知识点：

单词：

illusion 英/ɪ'l(j)uːʒ(ə)n/ 美/ɪ'luʒn/

1.an idea or opinion that is wrong, especially about yourself. 幻想

eg. She was under no illusion that he loved her.她对那个男孩希望自己不抱有任何的幻想。

2.something that seems to be different from the way it really is. 假象

eg. The mirrors in the room gave an illusion of greater space. 房间里的那面镜子让人感觉房间大了好多。

superior 英/suːˈpɪərɪə/ 美/sʊˈpɪrɪɚ/

1.ADJ if one thing or person is superior to another, the first is btter than the second. 比。。。。。。好的。

eg. we have relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends. 我们之间的关系比我们许多朋友之间的关系好得多。

2.ADJ if you describe something as superior, you mean that it is good , and better than other things of the same kind. 上好的。

eg. A few years ago it was virtually impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shops. 几年前在当地的商店里几乎不可能买到上好的咖啡。

3.ADJ A superior person or things is more important than another person or things in the same organization or system. 上级的。

eg. ...negotiations between the mutineers and their superior officers. 那些反叛者和他们的上级军官们之间的谈判。

forever 英/fə'revə/ 美/fɚ'ɛvɚ/

ADV If you say that something will happen or continue forever, you mean that it will always happen or continue.永远地

eg. I think that we will live together forever.我想我们会永远生活在一起。

atmosphere 英/'ætməsfɪə/ 美/'ætməsfɪr/

1.N-COUNT A planet's atmosphere is the layer of air or other gases around it. 大气层。

eg. The shuttle Columbia will re-enter Earth's atmosphere tomorrow morning. 哥伦比亚号航天飞机将在明天重进地球大气层。

2.N-COUNT The atmosphere of a place is air that you breath there. 空气

eg. Theses gases pollute the atmosphere of towns and cities. 这些气体污染城镇的空气。

3.N-SING The atmosphere of a place is the general impression that you get of it. 气氛

eg. There's still an atmosphere of great hostility and tension in the city. 在这座城市里依然有一种敌对和紧张的氛围。

maintain 英/meɪn'teɪn/ 美/men'ten/

1.V-T if you maintain something, you continue to have it, and do not let it stop or grow weaker.保持

eg. After the divorce,their father still maintaied close contact with the boys.离婚之后，他们的父亲和儿子们保持着密切的联系。

2.V-T if you say that someone maintains that something is true,you mean that they have stated their opinion strongly but not everyone agrees with them or believes them. 坚持说，坚持认为。

eg. He has maintains that the money was donated for the international purposes. 他坚持说这笔钱是出于国际目的而捐赠的。

dawn 英/'twɪtərɪŋ/ 美/ˈtwɪtərɪŋ/

the time at the beginning of the day when light first appears. 黎明

eg. Nancy woke at dawn. 天刚亮南希就醒了。

glint 英/'glɪnt/ 美/ˈglɪnt/

N-COUNT if a shiny surface glints, it gives out small flashes of light. 闪光,闪烁。

eg. ...glints of sunlight. 阳光的闪烁烁。

pasture 英/'pɑːstʃə/ 美/'pæstʃɚ/

N-VAR land or a field that is covered with grass and is used for cattle, sheep etc to feed on. 牧场

eg. The cows are out now, grazing in the pasture. 牛群现在出去了，正在牧场吃草。

idyllic 英/ɪ'dɪlɪk/ 美/aɪ'dɪlɪk/

an idyllic place or time is very beautiful, happy, and peaceful, with no problems or dangers. 闲适恬静的,田园诗的。

eg. ...an idyllic setting for a summer romance. 一个适合夏季恋曲的闲适环境。

virtually 英/ˈvəːtʃʊəli/ 美/ˈvɜrtʃuəli/

adv almost 事实上，几乎。

eg. Virtually all the children come to school by bus.事实上所有的孩子都是搭乘公共汽车上学的。

entertainment 英/ˌentə'teɪnmənt/ 美/ˌɛntɚ'tenmənt/

things such as films, television, performances etc that are intended to amuse or interest people.娱乐

eg. The town provides a wide choice of entertainment.这个城镇提供了丰富多彩的娱乐活动。

词组：

talk about sth./sb.

1.谈论，谈及

eg. We talk about the subject again. 我们再次谈论到那个话题。

2.议论；说某人的闲话

eg. They are beginning to talk about you. 他们开始议论你了。。

be compared with

与。。。。。。做比较

eg. You cannot find people to be compared with them in history. 在历史上你根本找不到例子和这些人相比。

fail to do sth.

不能，没能做成

eg. We fail to preach down the people. 我们未能当众说服这些人。

in front of

在。。。。。。前面,在。。。。。。面前

eg. I'll not want to say in front of the reporters. 我不愿在记者面前谈论我的观点。

句式：

He is foever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere,...

...the first cock crow ,the twittering of birds at dawn , the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.

• 多个名称性短语排比,强调对某样东西的喜爱。

长难句、语法：

Even he still lives under the illusion that the country life is somehow superior to town life.

that引导的从句作补语，补全the illusion到底是什么幻觉。

精妙翻译：

Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cock crow ,the twittering of birds at dawn , the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.

• 冉冉升起的朝阳染红树木、牧场

• 此番美景无与伦比

DAY183

Lesson41-3:Illusions of Pastoral peace

He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work. Why people are prepared to tolerate a four hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.

知识点：

单词：

dubious 英/ˈdjuːbiəs/美/ˈduːbiəs/

辨析 dubious, doubtful 和 suspicious

dubious

1.dubious 指某人拿不准做某事是否正确。

eg. Alison sounded very dubious.

艾莉森听上去很犹豫。

eg. The men in charge were a bit dubious about taking women on.

几位男性负责人有点儿拿不准要不要招女性员工。

2.dubious 还可指某事物不完全可信、安全或可靠。

eg. His dubious abilities as a teacher.

他的教学能力令人怀疑。

doubtful

doubtful 指不确定某事是否会发生或成功。

eg. Do you feel insecure and doubtful about your ability?

你对自己的能力缺乏信心并且感到怀疑吗？

eg. It was doubtful he would ever see her again.

他会不会再见到她还说不准呢。

suspicious

1.suspicious 指不信任某人、怀疑某人从事欺骗性或不法的活动。

eg. I am suspicious of his intentions.

我怀疑他的动机。

eg. Miss Lenaut had grown suspicious.

莱诺小姐已经起了疑心。

2.suspicious 还可指某人行为可疑、不诚实、涉及非法或具有危险性。

eg. He listened for any suspicious sounds.

他注意听任何可疑的声响。

eg. in suspicious circumstances 在可疑的情势下

privilege/ˈprivəlidʒ/

1.[C]n.（某人或某团体独享的）特权，优惠

2.[U]n.（常指因财富、社会地位而享有的）特权，优惠

3.[sing.]n.荣幸；荣耀；光荣=honor

• have the privilege of doing sth

• be a privilege to do sth

4.vt.特殊对待；给予…特权；给予…优待+sb./sth.

misery/ ˈmizəri /

1.great suffering that is caused for example by being very poor or very sick 穷困，悲惨

2.great unhappiness 苦难，痛苦，不幸（长期和慢性）

3.a person who is always unhappy and complaining 牢骚满腹者，爱抱怨的人

make sb's life a misery

to behave in a way that makes sb else feel very unhappy

使别人遭殃；让人痛苦

put an animal, a bird, etc. out of its misery

to kill a creature because it has an illness or injury that cannot be treated

将动物人工致死以结束其痛苦

put sb out of their misery(informal)**

to stop sb worrying by telling them sth that they are anxious to know

(告知情况以)消除某人的忧虑

eg. Put me out of my misery—did I pass or didn't I?

别再让我着急了 —— 我及不及格？

expense /ikˈspens/

费用，价钱；花钱的东西，开销；开支（pl.）；向雇主报销的业务费用（pl.）

at sb's expense

1.paid for by sb

由某人付钱；由某人负担费用

eg. We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense.

公司出钱请我们外出就餐。

2.if you make a jokeat sb's expense, you laugh at them and make them feel silly

在某人受损的情况下；以某人为代价；跟某人开玩笑

eg. I think he's having fun at our expense.

我想他在拿我们寻开心。

at the expense of sb / sth

with loss or damage to sb / sth

在牺牲(或损害)…的情况下

eg. He built up the business at the expense of his health.

他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。

go to the expense of sth / of doing sth|go to a lot of, etc. expense

to spend money on sth

把钱用在…上；花钱于

eg. They went to all the expense of redecorating the house and then they moved.

他们不惜一切代价重新装饰这房子，可后来又搬走了。

put sb to the expense of sth / of doing sth|put sb to a lot of, etc. expense

to make sb spend money on sth

使某人花钱(于…)；使某人负担费用

eg. Their visit put us to a lot of expense.

他们的来访使我们破费不小。

词组：

the poor selection of sth sth

品种单调

be prepared to do

愿意做……，准备好做……文中表示“甘愿”

句型：

Sb says nothing about sth

sb不说

Why+cl … is beyond me.

……我是无法理解的。

语法、长难句：

They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.

• 虚拟语气，与现在事实不符。“如果他们选择……，本可以省掉诸多苦楚和开支”。实际上是他们没这样选择，因此只能忍受……。

• save sb sth→sb be saved sth

精妙翻译：

They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.

要是他们愿意住在本来属于他们的城市，则可以让他们省去诸多不便与节约大量开支。

• 虚拟语气的翻译：“要是……”

• 被动时态的翻译：让他们……

• 补充相适应的谓语。saved so much misery and expense译成省去诸多不便与节约大量开支，分别选取与“不便”和“开支”相对应的汉语动词，体现同一个动词save的意义

DAY184

Lesson41-4:Illusions of Pastoral peace

Ifyoucan do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find thecity can provide you with the best that life can offer. You never have totravel miles to see your friends. They invariably live nearby and are alwaysavailable for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment. Some of myacquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit thetheatre as a special treat. For them this is a major operation which involvesconsiderable planning.

知识点：

单词：

invariable/ɪnˈvɛərɪəbəl/adj.

1.not variable；not subject to alteration; unchanging不变化地，一定不变地，常常地

noun

2.a mathematical quantity having an unchanging value; a constant

回顾之前内容

eg. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.

他们总能赢得别人的喜爱与尊敬，因为他们给平淡单一的日常生活增添了色彩。（31课可爱的怪人）

eg. What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment.

情况经常是这样的，许许多多的事情都偏偏赶在同一时刻出问题，（33课难忘的一天)

available/əˈveɪləbəl/ adj.可用的，可得到的，有用的，有效的

1.suitable or ready for use; of use or service; at hand:

eg. I used whatever tools were available.

2.readily obtainable; accessible:

eg. available resources.

3.having sufficient power or efficacy; valid.

4.Archaic. efficacious; profitable; advantageous.

eg. 例句理解"Is this seat available?" "Are you available, or are you married?" As you can tell from these two examples, available means "not busy or not taken."

acquaintance/əˈkweɪntəns/n.

1.a person known to one, but usually not a close friend.

2.the state of being acquainted or casually familiar with someone or something:

eg. As far as I know, no one of my acquaintance has traveled around the world.

3.personal knowledge as a result of study, experience, etc.:

eg. a good acquaintance with French wines.

4.(used with a plural verb) the persons with whom one is acquainted

5.搭配make the acquaintance of=to come into social contact with

treat/triːt/（文中作名词，难得的乐事，享受）n./v.

1.(noun)a celebration, entertainment, gift, or feast given for or to someone and paid for by another

2.(noun)any delightful surprise or specially pleasant occasion

3.(noun)the act of treating

verb

4.(transitive) to deal with or regard in a certain manner: she treats school as a joke

5.(transitive) to apply treatment to: to treat a patient for malaria

6.(transitive) to subject to a process or to the application of a substance: to treat photographic film with developer

7.(transitive; often foll by to) to provide (someone) (with) as a treat: he treated the children to a trip to the zoo

8.(formal) ( intransitive) usually foll by of. to deal (with), as in writing or speaking

9.(intransitive) ( formal) to discuss settlement; negotiate

词组：

词组1 do without...

词组1没有......也行

词组2 be available for

词组2可以做......，可得到......

词组3 a special treat

*词组3** 特殊的享受

*#####词组4 major operation

词组4大事，重要的活动

词组5 considerable planning

词组5精心的计划

句式：

1You never have to do

• 你不必或根本不用做某事

2For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning.

• 这对他们是件大事，需要精心计划。

精妙翻译：

句子1If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.

• 译文：如果你愿意舍弃乡下生活那一点点乐趣的话，那么你会发现城市可以为你提供生活中最美好的东西。Do without...没有......也行，不过翻译时要结合语境，这里译为舍弃......

句子2They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening’s entertainment.

• 译文：因为他们都住在附近，你随时可以同他们聊天或在晚上一起娱乐。其实英文没有因为，但是为了翻译出来更通顺加上因为，如果看到汉语回译英文，很容易加因为这个单词，也提醒我们英文注重逻辑，但有时连接词要加的恰当。Invariably意思是固定地，不变地，但是译文没有刻意翻译，不看译文看英文，就可以明白加了这词后live在这不是住几天，是常住。

摘要写作：

DAY185

Lesson41-5:Illusions of Pastoral peace

Astheplay draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that lasttrain home. The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. Thelatest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping,too, is always a pleasure. There is so much variety that you never have to makedo with second best. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the cityand stagger home loaded with as many of the necessities of life as they cancarry.

知识点：

单词：

dweller /ˈdwɛlə/

1.n. 居民，居住者，

apartment dweller 公寓房客

dwell /ˈdwɛl/ v. 居住，栖身

dwell-dwelt-dwelt或者

dwell-dwelled-dwelled

dwelling n.

a house,flat/apartment, etc., where a person lives

住宅，住所，公寓

#####anxiety n./æŋˈzaɪəti/

1.anxiety about sth

anxiety over sth

the state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen 焦虑，忧虑

acute/intense/deep anxiety

非常/极度/深深的忧虑

variety /vəˈraɪəti/

1.exotic /ɪgˈzɒtɪk/ adj. 奇异的，异国的

eg. She travels to all kinds of exotic locations all over the world.她走遍了全世界所有具有奇异风情的地方。

exotica n.

1.奇异事物，异族事物

eg. a sale of antiques and exotica

古玩和具有异国情调的物品的销售

stagger /ˈstægə/ v. （同义词是stumble）

1.to walk with weak unsteady steps, as if you are about to fall 摇摇晃晃地走，蹒跚，踉跄

eg. He staggered home, drunk.

他喝醉酒，踉跄着回了家。

eg. The company is staggering under the weight of a £10m debt.

公司在1000万英镑债务的重压下步履维艰。

词组：

词组1 make do with/without

词组1make do with/without：manage with/without

new clothes are expensive, so you'll have to make do with what you've got.

新衣服都很贵，你先拿现有的凑合吧。

词组1 Run wild

词组2Run wild：to go uncontrolled

As soon as their mother left, the chindren run wild

run后面还可以加其他的形容词，意思是become a certain kind of

Money is begining to run short. 钱不够用了。

supplies are running low. 供应不足了。

Till the river runs dry. 直到河水干涸。