Week 3

这里是ScalersTalk旗下新概念训练营新三朗读小组的日志。以下是Day11-Day15的总结。

DAY11

L3-3: An unknown goddess

The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the 15th century B. C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B. C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then.

知识点：

单词：

body /ˈbɒdi 美 ˈbɑːdi/注意美音元音发/ɑː/

statue /ˈstætʃuː/ n.雕像

remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/ pl-n.遗物，遗迹，废墟（人或动物死很久之后的东西；埋在土里的建筑物等的遗迹）

• 复数名词，因而必须是复数形式

• 一般要跟随前置或后置修饰语（of…），没有修饰语极少单独使用，因为他们需要支撑成分。（collins语法P19）

• 做“遗体”，谓语动词用复数；做“遗迹”，谓语单复数都有

  • eg. Here is the remains of a temple.

• 扩展：remainder剩余物，剩下的人或物（走掉一波人，剩下的一波可以用 the remainder）

classical古希腊古罗马相关的；古典的、经典的

• +times 古希腊罗马时代

preserve/prɪˈzɜːv/

conserve，reserve，preserve辨析

在做v.保护不受破坏意义时preserve=conserve

在做n.储备意义时preserve=reserve

conserve保存，保护，保藏，防止（harm，loss，change）（强调节约，节省）

preserve保护，维持，保养，防止（食物）腐败，（物）腐烂（damage/decay） （强调使不受破坏）

reserve保留，储备（强调为某一特殊目的），预定，订（座位）All rights reserved./have sth in reserve储备

century /ˈsentʃəri/ 注意tu的发音规律，是tʃə

词组：

• （无被动时态）date from追溯自=date back to，it started or was made at that time

  • date back已存在

  • eg.It dates back several centuries，you know.它在几个世纪以前就存在了。

• Preserved body木乃伊；preserved fruits蜜饯

句式：

• happen to do sth 碰巧做sth

• 课后题： The city had once known prosperity.

  • 用现在完成时，主动时态的know做vt，后接n，表：亲身体验，亲身经历

    • eg. He has known both poverty and wealth.

  • Know做“经历”含义讲时，仅用于完成时：看到过，听到过，经历过

    • A has/have known sb/sth (to) do sth A经历过/看/听到过sb/sth做sth

    • sb has/have been known to do sth听说sb……

长难句、语法：

This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. 她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马世代就为人所发现，并受到了精心的保护。

• must have been found是对过去情况的肯定推测。

精妙翻译：

The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.

其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的。

（野生译本：“有座雕像的身体，是在公元前15世纪的废墟中找到的。”）

• 一尊雕像，“尊”这个单位词用得极妙。

• remains，“历史文物”更符合上下文意思。

Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.

而她那身首异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。

（野生译本：“而她丢失的头部恰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。”）

• missing，“身首异处”这个翻译更有画面感，妙！

即使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。It was very old and precious even then.

• Even then= even at that time

• 形容词转译成名词： 1．形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。

  • eg.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.

    他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

  2．有时候把有些形容词转换成名词来翻译。

  • eg. It was very old and precious even then. 即使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。

  • eg. He was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 他有口才、有风度，但性格软弱。

DAY12

L3-4: An unknown goddess

When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

知识点：

单词：

reconstruct /ˌriːkənsˈtrʌkt /重建；重现描述，场景重现

rest作动词，倚放，放置（支撑重量）

• =lean，后面+介词短语on/against

• 理论/成功 rest on sth.=depend on（正式）

• （an authority，responsibility，decision）rest with sb. sb有权威、责任、决定权（正式）

modern-looking看起来时髦 well-looking

hip臀部/hɪp/

full-length全身的，全长的/ ˈfʊlˈleŋθ/,发音注意2个l的合并

graceful优雅的，优美的/ˈgreɪsfʊl/

identity身份/aɪˈdentɪti/

词组：

• stand ……high

  • stand在L3-1中有一个高高耸立的用法，stand在此是表示人或物的高度

• so far目前为止

句式：

• sb be amazed to do sth=to sb‘s surprise

  • 课后题6中surprisingly为错误选项，不能替换be amazed to

  • surprising主语只能是sth/it等，不能为人，be amazed to的主语为人

  • 物 is surprising=make sb feel surprised

• turn out to be/have sth原来是，证明是，结果是

  • turn out to be=prove（to be）

• It turned out that=be discovered to be=prove to be

• 扩展：

  • As it turns out人们后来发现

  • turn out除了字面上能看出的：“向外，朝外”，还有

    • +adv/adj连用，或how sb/sth turn out. 怎样地发展（发生），结果…

    • 或在场，出席=be present

    • 或生产，制造，培养=produce

  • turn sth out熄灭，关掉（灯，光源）；腾空，彻底清理；弄空，掏空（尤口袋）

  • Her hands rested on her hips 双手叉腰

精妙翻译：

双手叉腰：Her hands rested on her hips很形象

身穿一条拖地长裙：she was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground好长

尽管上了年纪：despite her great age

DAY13

L4-1: The double life of Alfred Bloggs

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers" for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.

知识点：

单词：

manual/ˈmænjʊəl/体力的

• manu-前缀：手工的，体力的

• manuscript手稿；manufacture制造；manual worker=blue collar体力劳动者

collar/ˈkɒlə/衣领

• 除了white-和blue-还有pink collar流水线女性装配工，传呼员和gold collar知识工人，新经济工人

sacrifice/ˈsækrɪfaɪs/牺牲

• sacrifice sth for sth 放弃……以换取……

privilege/ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ/n.&v.好处，特权；重读音节在第一音节

• Be privileged to do sth经常用在正式场合的发言中

  • 感到荣幸，荣耀，光荣=honor（to show your respect）

    • it be a privilege to do sth

    • sb have the privilege of doing sth

• 给予特权，特别优待sb=favour,favor(AmE)

• priv-词缀：个人，私人：private；deprive剥夺

词组：

• refer to as=ragard…as；call

• a collar and tie衬衫领带（一套东西）

句式：

• sb receive far more money than sb

• ……，for the simple reason that+cl，就是因为……

• such is human nature，that……

语法：

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. 许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。

• Such is 倒装，强调句。that引导的是such的同位语。

精妙翻译：

此乃人之常情。Such is human nature, that+cl

DAY14

L4-2: The double life of Alfred Bloggs

This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.

知识点：

单词：

dustman/ˈdʌs(t)mən /清洁工

corporation/ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃən/公司

扩展：firm，corporation，business，company，enterprise，institution，group“公司"

首先，他们都是organizations

firm：公司，firms用来指一般企业的总称，而不说companies，侧重提供服务的，律师事务所law firm，会计事务所a firm of accountants

company （Co.）常用于名称中

corporation=large company or business（Corp.）

enterprise=a company or business，often a small one

institution机构=large improtant organization（ university，church，bank）

business商业机构，企业，公司，商店，工厂（commercial organization，such as a company，shop/store，factory）

group集团

• eg. multinational corporation跨国公司；BBC:the british broadcasting corporation英国广播公司；state-owned/public enterprises国有/国营企业；joint-venture enterprise合资企业；township enterprise乡镇企业；banking institutions金融界；publishing groups出版界

词组：

• give rise to （an event/situation）=cause,表示“引起或导致某事”

  • bring about；produce；effect；result in；provoke；lead to；attribute to；consequently；as a result； therefore；so that

• in the case of在……的例子中；就……来说；至于

  扩展： in case of 倘若遇到…的时候；以防；以备

  • 后面直接跟fire、rain、danger、difficulty、failure、absence、war、doubt等

  in most case在大多数情况下 in any case无论如何，不管怎样whatever happens

  （just）in case…

  • 提及将来可能出现的情况将（过去）成为sb做sth的理由：主句一般时或祈使句，原因从句中用简单现在时（简单过去时）（collinsP448）

    In case单独用在句末的话，前面可以加just，也可不加，译为“以防万一”。

    • eg. it may rain；you had better take an umbrella （just）in case. 可能会下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。

  in case（that）=lest从句中还可用（should） do表示虚拟语气，should可以省略只留动词原形（叶永昌P350）

  • 注意如果条件句是一般的条件或假设，不用in case，用if

长难句、语法：

This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的阿尔弗雷德•布洛格斯就是一个例子。

• 句首的this和后半句中的it都指代上一句that后说明的情况。As在此引导方式状语，表示“如同”。为了避免重复，did用来替代give rise to curious situations。Who引导定语从句，修饰Alfred Bloggs，说明他是清洁工

精妙翻译：

他只说在埃尔米斯公司上班。He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.

DAY15

L4-3: The double life of Alfred Bloggs

Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job.

知识点：

单词：

smart

• 人clean，neat衣冠楚楚，衣着讲究，扩展：smartly dressed衣着光鲜

• 衣clean，neat ，new，attractive整洁漂亮的，光鲜的

• （尤AmE）聪明，机敏，精明的

• （尤BrE）时髦的，高档的

• （动作等）快速的，敏捷的，迅速有力

overall/'əʊvərɔ:l/n.（医生穿a white overall，外套，罩衣）

• pl-n.工作服（BrE）=coveralls（AmE）

• adj.全面，总体，综合的

• adv.=generally一般来说，大致上，总体上

词组：

• change into 更换

  • 许多的“换”：Replace 替换；rotate轮换；exchange/commute交换；interchange互换

• fellow dustmen

  • fellow 同事：

  • colleague/ˈkɒliːg/，confrere/ˈkɒnfreə/，yokemate/ˈjəʊkmeɪt/，workmate，coworker，yokefellow/ˈjəʊkˌfɛləʊ/

• keep secret 保守秘密

• take a shower 洗淋浴

  shower:淋浴；阵雨/雪（light rain）；一大批/一连串/一阵

  snow showers阵雪，a shower of leaves纷纷落下的叶子，a shower of kisses一阵亲吻

句式：

spend the next …hours as …接下来当几个小时的…（角色）