Week 16

DAY76

L19-4：A very dear cat

Sure enough, Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock that evening. He looked very well though he was rather thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk. The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done. She explained that Rastus was very dear to her. Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!

知识点：

单词：

astound/əˈstaund/v. 使吃惊

语意程度比surprise要强得多

吃惊程度 appal>shock>astoud>amaze>astonish>surprise

情绪程度 appal惊骇恐惧>shock震惊不快>astoud大为吃惊不相信中性>amaze惊奇惊叹叹服欣赏>astonish大为吃惊中性>surprise吃惊惊喜

辨析amaze,shock,astonish,astound,surprise,appal,stun,startle各种惊

【surprise】是通用词,它的含义是【使人一愣,这种吃惊可能包含着高兴也可能包含害怕或忧虑,语气较弱。】

eg. We were surprised at finding the house empty.我们惊讶地发现房子是空的。

【astonish】表示【事情出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇，“对不平常的事大吃一惊”、“几乎无法使人相信”,但没有“惊叹”的意思。】

eg. I was astonished at his rudeness.他的粗野使我大吃一惊。

【astound】强调【“完全出乎意料”,用以往经验知识无法解释,其惊讶程度很强，比同义词astonish更正式一点点，吃惊程度更强一些，事情令人难以置信或实在罕见。】

eg. The enormous changes in the quality of life of the inhabitants astounded us.城镇居民生活质量的巨大变化令我们惊愕。

【shock】强调【“震惊,使毛骨悚然,使愤慨”,表示不快的事情。】

【appal/appall/əˈpɔːl/】to shock sb very much，含义是【“惊骇”，不但指惊讶而且带有恐惧可怕之意。】

eg. The passengers were rather appalled to see that their ship was about to go under.乘客们看到他们的船快要沉了都惊骇不已。

eg. The new edition of “Hamlet” will appal some people for being so resoluytely unclassical.新版《哈姆雷特》如此违背经典，确实惊世骇俗。

【amaze】强调【“使惊异,困惑”间或还有“惊叹,佩服”】的意思。 eg. We were amazed at the ingenuity with which they solved their difficulties.他们在解决困难中所表现的智慧使我们惊叹(佩服)。

【startle】含义是“使吓一跳”，置于突然的惊吓中，强调针对刺激来源的sudden和unexpected会产生一个下意识的反应。

【stun】含义是“使震惊;使目瞪口呆;使惊愕”，强调“过于震惊以至不能言语”。

eg. The audience were stunned at the scene that their beloved player was miserablly killed in the motor race.看到他们心爱的车手惨死于比赛的情景，观众们都惊呆了。 【dumbfound】含义是“使惊讶的发呆”，指使人吃惊地说不出话来。 The news was so shocking that it dumbfounded us for a moment.那消息真令人震惊，它使我们一时目瞪口呆。

词组：

in more ways than one=in more than one way在很多方面，在更多方面

注意单复数和词组搭配的词序

eg. They must deal with an unbalanced economy in more ways than one. 他们得从不止一个方面应对不平衡的经济。(Ftchinese)

句式：

Sure enough，…果然/无疑，……

=As expected，…

sb look very well

look后面接adj.

well做adj表示身体健康的，安康的=healthy，not ill

Sb was astounded when … did sth情绪表达句式

sb be astounded to do sth的升级表达形式

情绪表达句式总结：

1.sb is adj（常-ed） to do sth

2.To one’s n.,…

3.Imagine one‘s n. when…

4.Sb. is adj(-ed) when…

Considering sth，…想到sth

• =Allowing for sth

• 关于considering的词性有3种解释：

  • 1.连词，引导让步状语从句或对比从句，用considering that+从句或considering+从句，引出真实或肯定的事，但主句表示的往往是令人吃惊或对照鲜明的结论。连词P29

  • 2.分词，现在分词的分词短语，做原因状语。

  • 3.介词，表示说话者考虑到某一事实。用在附加状语里，也可用在句末用作adv.介词P51

    • eg. It wasn't unattractive, considering its function.考虑到它的功能，它还是有吸引力的。(prep.)

    • eg. She's quite well, considering.从各方面考虑，她身体颇佳(adv.)

• 现在大部分讲解都将词类-ing选定第3个含义的介词来理解，比如according to…（根据），concerning/regarding（关于），respecting（关于，鉴于），如文中considering…，介词短语，“考虑到……”、“就……而言”，在原文中做原因状语。

精妙翻译：

He looked very well though he was rather thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk.

它看上去一切正常，只是口渴得很，喝了半瓶牛奶。

• very well并没有翻译“非常健康”，而是“一切正常”；though的让步翻译成“只是”，rather译成“……得很”，表示原因的for很自然的地省略掉了，没有翻译成“因为”。

Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!

想到她所花的那笔钱，她的心疼就具有双重意义了。

• 没有翻译成那笔钱的数量而是只翻译成那笔钱，更加自然流畅，in more ways than one也没有翻译成多个方面，而是根据文意dear的双关含义翻译成“双重意义”。

• 双关的神韵在译文中一般都要保留。比如文题：一只昂贵的宝贝猫。

DAY77

L20-1：Pioneer pilots

In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of £1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV'. He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on sea.

知识点：

本课背景：

Lord Northcliffe：1st Viscount Northcliffe (15 July 1865 – 14 August 1922) was a British newspaper and publishing magnate. As owner of the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror, he was a pioneer of popular journalism, and he exercised vast influence over British popular opinion.

Daily Mail Channel-crossing prize：£1,000.

Hubert Latham (10 January 1883 – 25 June 1912)

He was a French aviation pioneer. He was the first person to attempt to cross the English Channel in an airplane. Due to engine failure during his first of two attempts to cross the Channel, he became the first person to land an aeroplane on a body of water.

Latham in Antoinette IV for his first Channel attempt↓

monoplane单翼机

Latham over English Channel on 2nd attempt, just over a mile from the English coast, awaiting rescue after his second crash into the sea↓

Louis Charles Joseph Blériot (1 July 1872 – 1 August 1936)

He was a French aviator, inventor and engineer. In 1909 he became world famous for making the first flight across the English Channel ,winning the prize of £1,000 offered by the Daily Mail newspaper.

Louis Blériot, starting the engine on Channel crossing attempt, 25 July 1909↓

The scene shortly after Blériot's arrival↓

Bleriot's flight, lasting 36'30" , from Calais to Dover↓

1=Ⅰ	2=Ⅱ	3=Ⅲ	4=Ⅳ
5=Ⅴ	6=Ⅵ	7=Ⅶ	8=Ⅷ
9=Ⅸ	10=Ⅹ	11=Ⅺ	12=Ⅻ

单词：

pioneer/ˌpaiəˈniə(r)/

• n.先驱，开拓者，创导者

• a pioneer of/in sth ……的创始人

  • eg. Zhang Heng is a pioneer of astronomy.张衡是天文学的先驱。

  • eg. young pioneer 少先队员

  • eg. the pioneer spirit 拓荒者的精神

• vi.vt.开拓, 为…开路, 作先驱者

  • eg. pioneer adult education 倡导成人教育

• →advocate n.提倡者，倡导者，鼓吹者vt.提倡，鼓吹

lord/lɔːd/n.对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵

• lordless adj.无君主的, 无丈夫的

• lordship n.贵族权力, 贵族身份

• lordly adj.adv.高傲的, 贵族般地, 有气派地

  • (as)drunk as a lord（口语）酩酊大醉

  • live like a lord过着贵族似的豪华生活

  • Lord bless me！=Lord bless my soul！老天爷保佑！哎呀！

  • lord of creation万物之灵；人类

  • treat sb like a lord阔绰地款待某人

• 英国贵族等级（由高→低）

  • 男duke/djuːk ; NAmE duːk/；女duchess /ˈdʌtʃəs/ n.公爵

  • 男marquis/ˈmɑːkwɪs/ n.(英国等的)侯爵（亦作：marquess）；女marchioness/ˌmɑːʃəˈnes/

  • 男earl/əːl/ n.（英）伯爵；女countess/ˈkauntəs; -es/

  • 男viscount/ˈvaikaunt/ n.(英国的)子爵；女viscountess/ˈvaikauntəs/

  • 男baron/'bær.ən/ n.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位) , 大财主；女 baroness/ˈbærənəs ; NAmE ˌbærəˈnes/

coast 海岸

Pacific coast 太平洋海岸

seashore seaside 海滨

a seaside sanatorium 海滨疗养院

beach 海滩 沙滩

marine nature reserve 海洋自然保护区

Marine Corp 海军陆战队

词组：

offer a prize of +钱数 for sth to sb

offer sth to sb=offer sb sth

→award a prize提供奖励/win a prize/receive a prize

in the early morning凌晨

at dawn黎明

at the crack of dawn破晓；黎明

at daybreak黎明，拂晓

take off 起飞；脱下；离开

• 脱下(衣帽、鞋子等)，脱掉；拿掉，取下；移去；拆下，拆掉：

  • eg. He took off his coat and sat down. 他脱下大衣坐了下来。

  • eg. to take off one's glasses 摘下眼镜

  • eg. to take the brake off 松闸

  • be taken off常被动，但主动也可，撤销，取消(服务或娱乐)

    • eg. The network took it off the air in 1971.1971 年，广播网停播了这个节目。

  • take years off sb. 看上去年轻

    • eg. Her slimming course seems to take years off her.

    • opp→put years on sb. 看上去老

      eg. Her broken marriage put years on him.

• 领走；带走；带去(某物)；移送(某处)

  • take oneself off口语，使(自己)离开某处，使（尤强迫别人）同去；离开；走掉；滚：

    • eg. She took the pupils off to the art exhibition. 她带学生们去看美术展览。

    • eg. Take yourself off. 滚!

    • eg. We took ourselves off in the direction of the park. 我们朝公园方向走去。

• 出发；匆匆离开：

  • eg. The professor took off for Shanghai this morning. 教授今天上午动身去上海了。

  • eg. Tom took off at the sight of trouble. 一看到要出麻烦汤姆就溜走了。

• (为逗乐)模仿，学(别人的言谈举止)

  • eg. Mike can take off his father to perfection.迈克模仿爸爸时惟妙惟肖。

• (产品 活动 事业)腾飞，突然成功

  • eg. In 1944, he met Edith Piaf, and his career took off.1944年，他结识了伊迪思·比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞。

be forced to do 被迫做某事

• forced landing (航空)紧急降落

• force a smile 勉强一笑

• force sb’s hand 不得不

land on the sea在海上降落/着陆

句式：

序数词+n. +to do sth代替原文中的从句

…the first man to fly across the English Channel.

Over a year passed before…一年多过去了才发生sth……

Over a year passed before…

精妙翻译：

Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.

然而一年多过去了才有人出来尝试。

不可以译成“在……之前”，而要翻译成“……时候才……”

DAY78

L20-2：Pioneer pilots

The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.

Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.

知识点：

单词：

Calais/ˈkælei/ n.加来（法国港市）

overland adj.陆上的

overland flight 陆上飞行

oversea student 海外留学生

oversea Chinese 华侨

overseer 监工,工头 supervisor/ˈsju:pəˌvaɪzə/

词组：

a week before一个星期以前

辨析before long（不久以后）和long before（很久以前）

before long 是before a long time has passed，表达不久以后。多用于将来时和过去时的句子。

• eg. He came before long.（过去某时的）不久以后他来了。而不是“他在长久以前来了。”

• eg. I hope to see you before long.我希望不久以后见到你。

long before（很久以前），一般指过去某时很久以前的时间，在直接引语中用long ago，间接引语中要改为long before.常用于过去（完成）时。

float on the water在海上漂浮，没有用sea，用的water

这个时候飞机是ride the waves（随浪移动）的

区别上一小节land on the sea在海上降落/着陆

float 漂浮

• float on air/cloud 兴高采烈

• 引申1→fluctuate/ˈflʌktʃueit/ v. 价格波动

  • fluctuate between hopes and fears忽喜忽忧

  • fluctuate wildly 大幅波动 wild 剧烈的

• 引申2→drift : to move slowly on water or in the air 漂流，漂移

  • eg. The raft was drifting down the river.

  • drifter 漂泊者，流浪汉

pick up

文中含义：搭救，营救=rescue

• 搭载 eg. The train stopped to pick up passengers.

• 捡起 eg. I picked up the book he had thrown away.

• 接送 eg. Could you do me a favor to pick up Sam from school today?

• （顺便，毫不费力）学得 eg. Bob has never had a French teacher; he picked the language up by himself.

• （跌倒或被击倒后）使（自己）慢慢站起（或爬起）eg. He slipped and fell, but quickly picked himself up.

• 整理 eg. Let’ pick up the living room.

• 拿回 eg. She picked up the jacket from the dry cleaner’s.

• 加速 eg. When the policeman came over to the car, it picked up speed.

• 收听 eg. I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.

• 得病，染病 eg. They've picked up a really nasty infection from something they've eaten.他们因吃错东西而得了很严重的感染症。

• 发现，找到，识别（特点或模式）eg. Consumers in Europe are slow to pick up trends in the use of information technology.欧洲消费者在辨别信息技术应用的潮流上表现迟缓。

• 重新接过话题，重提 eg. I'll pick up on what I said a couple of minutes ago.我将回到几分钟前我说过的内容。

• 挑错 eg. Don't pick me up on words.不要挑我的措词。

• （贸易或经济）开始好转；健康好转，恢复 eg. Industrial production is beginning to pick up.工业生产开始好转。

句式：

…until…，two days later，…a week before，…注意本课中一系列的时间状语，梳理清楚时间线索

长难句、语法：

Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model.

过去完成进行时，用来叙述过去某一时刻之前一直继续着的历时较长的动作或情况。

精妙翻译：

Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'.

• 介词转化为动词的翻译方法：with的独立主格结构在此处with译成“驾驶“

Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model.

• 把this用其指代的内容“11号飞机“补足，而不是翻译成“这”，使中文句意更完整。

DAY79

L20-3：Pioneer pilots

Latham, however, did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'. It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough. After making a short test flight at 4,15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later.

知识点：

词组：

give up 放弃；交出

• 放弃，抛弃；辞去(工作、学业等)：

  • eg. When you get married, will you give up your job? 你结婚后会不会辞去工作?

• 交出；让出；自首：

  • eg. He refused to give the document up, even under pressure. 即使受到压力，他仍拒绝交出文件。

  • eg. After hiding in the hole for several days,the escaped prisoner gave himself up. 逃犯在洞里躲藏几天后便自首了。

  • give oneself up to sth为sth献出生命、时间

• 对…不再抱有希望；不再指望…到来：

  • eg. You took so long to arrive that we had almost given you up. 你姗姗来迟，我们几乎认为你不来了。

• 口语(解难题、猜谜等时)承认无能为力，承认失败：

  • eg. The puzzle is too difficult; I shall give it up. 这难题太难了；我只能放弃了。

• 投降，认输多vi，其他"放弃，对……让步"常vt

set off v. 出发；引起；动身；使爆炸；抵销；分开

• 出发，动身：

to set off in the direction of 朝着…的方向出发

• 使开始(做某事)：

to set off on something 开始干某事

• 引起；激起：

to set off a chain reaction 引起连锁反应

• 点燃：使爆炸；发射：

to set a mine off 引爆地雷

• 衬托；使显得美丽：

to be set off by something 被某物衬托得更加美丽

句式：

did not give up easily. 不轻易作罢。

It looked as if there would be sth……看起来似乎有sth要发生……

=it seemed/appeared to be…

=it promised to be…(有可能）

There is a sign of sth./that…

There is some evidence of sth./that 有迹象表明

fail to do sth enough （to do sth）没能做到……（而不能……）

相当于后面的to do sth省略了，省略的是否定含义，没能起飞，即failed to get up early enough to make a flight

fail否定意义词，相当于not enough to do sth，表示“不能/没能/没有……而不能做……”，文中即“但是莱瑟姆起晚了（所以那天不能飞了）”

长难句、语法：

It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.看来会有一场激烈的飞跃英吉利海峡的竞争。

• as if/as though表示“好像、似乎、仿佛”，做look的表语，as if 更常见。

• 用as if进行非真实的比喻或者夸张，因此其引导的从句中常用虚拟语气。

• as if 常用于it looks/seems/is的系补结构中，且当从句表示一种实现可能性较大或说话人认为接近事实时，往往也用陈述语气，在口语或非正式问题中更常见。

  • eg.It looks as if we are going to have trouble with Mrs. Jenkins again.看来我们又会同詹金斯夫人发生争执。

• 在as if/though的从句中，有时可以直接用省略的不定式、分词、adj短语、介词短语等形式

  • eg. Some flowers shut up at night as though (they were going) to sleep.

• 也可以用as if表示惊讶，不满，气愤等语气。

  • eg. He talks as if he were a hero! 他讲话的语气，俨然像个英雄！

  • eg. As if we were all stupid and he alone clever！哼，好像我们都是傻瓜只有他一个人聪明似的！

• as if本身就是连词，其前面不可以再加that

精妙翻译：

After making a short test flight at 4,15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later.

布莱里奥凌晨4点15分作了一次短距离试飞，半小时后便正式出发了。

• 翻译的时候after做好处理，与前面的before类似，这里不要直接翻译成“在……之后”，本句直接省略翻译after，要学会这种方法。

DAY80

L20-4：Pioneer pilots

His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.

知识点：

词组：

within a mile of sp. 距离某地不到1公里，of介词表示距离

test flight 试飞

test drive 试车

test pilot 试飞员

test match 国际锦标赛

greet sb.欢迎，迎接，打招呼

eg. The child is shy and doesn't like to greet people. 这孩子腼腆，不爱叫人。

eg. She rose to greet her guests. 她起身迎接客人。

be greeted by

• 回应

  • eg. It is unlikely that this suggestion will be greeted enthusiastically in the Baltic States. 该提议不大可能在波罗的海诸国得到热烈响应。

• 映入…眼帘；最先被…感觉到

  • eg. I was greeted by a shocking sight. 一幅令人震惊的画面映入我的眼帘。

句式：

sth lasted+时间

last是vi不是vt，后面的时间不是宾语，而是时间状语。

精妙翻译：

When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman.

当他在多佛着陆后，第一个迎接他的是当地一名警察。