Week 56

DAY276

L56-2: Our neighbour, the river

We have special river birthday parties in the summer. Sometimes we go upstream to a favourite backwater, sometimes we have our party at the boathouse, which a predecessor of ours at the farm built in the meadow hard by the deepest pool for swimming and diving. In a heat wave we choose a midnight birthday party and that is the most exciting of all.

知识点：

单词：

upstream/ˈʌpˈstriːm/

adv. Along the river, in the opposite direction to the way in which the water flows,向上游，逆流

upstream of/from sth

反义词：downstream 顺流而下，下游方向

backwater 英/ˈbækwɔ:tə(r)/ 美/ˈbækˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ/

a part of a river away from the main part,where the water only moves slowly

n. 回水，回流; 滞水，死水; 闭塞的地方; 不受外界事件或新思想影响的地方

v. 倒开船; 食言

boathouse

a building beside a river or lake for keeping a boat in 船库

predecessor 英 /'priːdɪsesə/ 美 /'prɛdəsɛsɚ/

n. a person who did a job before sb else

n. 前任，前辈

扩展：

predecessor前任，前辈，successor继任者

ancestor，forfather，forbear祖辈祖先的三个单词

后代descendant

meadow 英 /'medəʊ/ 美 /'mɛdo/

n. 草地；牧场

midnight

12 o'clock at night 午夜，子夜

eg. They had to leave at midnight.

他们不得不半夜离开.

eg. The cock crows at midnight.

半夜鸡叫

eg. midnight blue 深蓝色

eg. midlife 中年，中年生活

词组：

go upstream 溯流而上

hard by... ：close to ；very near to 在……旁边

in a heat wave 在大热天

heat wave酷暑时期

cold spell严寒时期

it's a boiling/scorching/sizzling hot day

it's a bitterly/biting/freezing cold day

句式：

Sometimes..., sometimes... 有时……，有时……

长难句、语法：

Sometimes we have our party at the boathouse, which a predecessor of ours at the farm built in the meadow hard by the deepest pool for swimming and diving.

DAY277

L56-3: Our neighbour, the river

We welcome the seasons by the riverside, crowning the youngest girl with flowers in the spring, holding a summer festival on Midsummer Eve, giving thanks for the harvest in the autumn, and throwing a holly wreath into the current in the winter. After a long period of rain the river may overflow its banks. This is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes. We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of our farm, are affected by flooding, but other farms are less favourably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their owners.

知识点：

单词：

crown/kraʊn/ v.：put a crown on the head of

holly /ˈhɒli / n.冬青

wreath /riːθ / n. 花环

current /ˈkʌrənt /

n. the movement of water in the sea or a river; the movement of air in a particular direction（海洋或江河的）水流，潮流，气流

eg. He swam to the shore against a strong current.

他逆着急流游向岸边。

eg. Birds use warm air currents to help their fight.

鸟利用暖气流助飞。

overflow /ˈəʊvəfləʊ / v. to be so full that the contents go over the sides 浸出，溢出

overflow with sth：Her heart overflowed with love.

她的心里充满了爱。

Plates overflowed with party foods.

聚会上的食物碟满盘盈。

overflow sth

proportion /prəˈpɔːʃən /

n. a part of share of a whole 部分，份额

favourable /ˈfeɪvərəbli /

adj. good for sth and making it likely to be successful or have an advantage 有利的，有助于

favourable to/for sb/sth

eg. favourable economic conditions

有利的经济环境

site /saɪt/

v. to build or place sth in a particular position

使坐落在，为··选址

spell /spɛl/

v. to have sth, usually sth bad, as a result; to mean sth, usually sth bad 招致，带来

eg. The crop failure spelt disaster for many farmers.

对许多农民来说，庄稼歉收就意味着灾难。

词组：

make up ：to form sth 形成，构成

eg. Women make up 56% of the student numbers.

女生占学生人数的56%。

表示有各个不同部分组成或构成可以用comprise/consist of/be composed of/be made up of

eg. The committee comprises/consists of two lawyers,two journalists, and a teacher.

委员会由两名律师，两名记者和一名教师组成。

表示各部分组成一个整体时可用constitute/compose/ make up

eg. Two lawyers, two journalists and a teacher compose/constitute the committee.

两名律师，两名记者和一名教师组成该委员会。

include只是说出了某些部分。

a rare/common/regular/everyday occurrence

• occurrence发生的事件，并非偶发

eg. Laughter was a rare occurrence in his classroom

a vast/great/overwhelming majority of

句式：

go to extremes：gets extremely condition

精妙翻译：

After a long period of rain the river may overflow its banks. This is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes.

久雨之后，河水会泛滥成灾，但是在我们这里，气候很少发生异常，河水极少泛滥。

DAY278

L56-4: Our neighbour, the river

One bad winter we watched the river creep up the lower meadows. All the cattle had been moved into stalls and we stood to lose little. We were, however, worried about our nearest neighbours, whose farm was low lying and who were newcomers to the district. As the floods had put the telephone out of order, we could not find out how they were managing.From an attic window we could get a sweeping view of the river where their land joined ours, and at the most critical juncture we took turns in watching that point.

知识点：

单词：

stall n. 货摊；畜栏；托辞 vi. 停止，停转；拖延 英/stɔːl/ 美/stɔl/

n.1.a table or a small shop with an open front, especially outdoors, where goods are sold

(尤指户外的)货摊，摊位

eg. a market stall 市场摊位

2.an enclosed area in a building for an animal such as a horse or cow

畜栏，畜棚；马厩；牛棚

3.if a plane goes into a stall, its engine stops working(飞机引擎的)停止运转，熄火

4.a seat in a row of fixed seats for priests and singers in some larger churches

(一些大教堂中的)牧师和唱诗班座位

v.

1.if an engine or vehicle stalls, or if you stall it, it stops because there is not enough power or speed to keep it going（使）(引擎或交通工具)停止运转，熄火

eg. The car kept stalling.

这辆汽车老熄火。

2.to deliberately delay because you are not ready to do something, answer questions etc故意拖延eg. He was just stalling for time .

他只是在拖延时间。

3.to make someone wait or stop something from happening until you are ready 拖住；拖延

4.to stop making progress or developing 停顿，搁置

stand

stand to do sth

to be likely to do or have something

很可能会做某事，可能有某物

固定搭配：stand to gain/lose/win/make

eg. What do firms think they stand to gain by merging?

公司认为通过合并会得到什么好处？

eg. After the oil spill, thousands of fishermen stand to lose their livelihoods.

石油泄漏发生后，许多渔民很可能会失去生计。

attic n. 阁楼；顶楼；鼓室上的隐窝

a space or room just below the roof of a house, often used for storing things

阁楼，顶楼

sweeping n. 扫除；垃圾 adj. 彻底的；广泛的；扫荡的

1.affecting many things, or making an important difference to something

影响大的；范围广的；彻底的

2.including a lot of information about something 包含丰富信息的

eg. a sweeping look at European history

欧洲历史面面观

3.sweeping statement/generalization

a statement etc that is too general and that does not consider all the facts – used to show disapproval 一概而论的说法/笼统的概括(含贬义)

eg. sweeping generalizations about women drivers

对女性司机一概而论的看法

4.forming a curved shape 弯曲的，弧线的

eg. the sweeping curve of the driveway

车道上的大弯

eg. a sweeping gesture

大幅度的挥手动作

5.sweeping victory

the winning of an election by a large number of votes

(选举中的)大胜

juncture n. 接缝；连接；接合 英/'dʒʌŋ(k)tʃə/ 美/'dʒʌŋktʃɚ/

a particular point in an activity or period of time

特定时刻（关头),节骨眼

eg. The talks are at a critical juncture(= very important point ).

会谈正处于紧急关头。

词组：

creep up 蠕升；渗上来

eg. Tshe mantis creep up on a cicada.

stand to do sth 很可能会做某事，可能有某物

eg. He stands to win this game.

put…out of order 使……出故障

eg. The water made this computer out of order.

a sweeping view of 一个宽广的视野

eg. From the tower can get a sweeping view of the city.

critical juncture 危急时刻，紧急关头

eg. At a critical juncture, she run away from a collapsed bridge.

juncture文雅，紧急时刻

at this juncture

critical/crucial+time/moment/point/instant

句式：

how they were managing

take turns （in）doing sth

take turns to do sth

精妙翻译：

at the most critical juncture we took turns in watching that point.

在最危急的时刻，我们轮流监视那段河流的险情。

(watching that point监视那段河流的险情，补充含义翻译的很好。)

摘要写作：

One bad winter, the river flooded and submerged the lower meadows. Our cattle had been moved into stalls,so it didn't cause a loss.

DAY279

L56-5: Our neighbour, the river

The first sign of disaster was a dead sheep floating down. Next came a horse, swimming bravely, but we were afraid that the strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted. Suddenly a raft appeared, looking rather like Noah's ark, carrying the whole family, a few hens, the dogs, a cat, and a bird in a cage.

知识点：

单词：

sign/sain/

n.迹象;征兆;表象;痕迹 If there is a sign of something, there is something which shows that it exists or is happening.

star sign 星座

What sign are you?

SYN

indication: a remark or a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen, or what sb is thinking or feeling

omen/ ˈəumən / noun ~ (for sth) 预兆；前兆；征兆 a sign of what is going to happen in the future

eg. a good / bad omen

吉祥的 / 不祥的预兆

eg. an omen of death / disaster

死亡 / 灾难的征兆

词组：

Noah's ark 诺亚方舟

deluge 大洪水

句式：

Next came a horse. 时间状语+v+主语

eg. Now came your turn.

长难句、语法：

Next came a horse, swimming bravely, but we were afraid that the strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted.

but并列句

前分句：next came a horse 全部倒装语序。现分宾补。

后分句：prevent one's doing sth =prevent sb from doing sth

DAY280

L56-6: Our neighbour, the river

We realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood, for their house, which had sound foundations, would have stood stoutly even if it had been almost submerged. The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boathooks, in the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank. We still think it a miracle that they were able to do so.

知识点：

单词：

unduly 英/ˌʌnˈdju:li/美/ˌʌnˈdu:li/

adv. More than you think is reasonable or necessary

过分地; 过度地; 不适当地; 不相称地;

同义词excessively /ɪkˈsɛsɪvli /

stoutly /staʊtlɪ/

adv.刚强地，坚决地;

submerge /səbˈmɜ:rdʒ/

vt. to put sth to make sth go under the surface of water lo liquid 沉入水中，淹没

淹没; 把…浸入; 沉没，下潜; 使沉浸;vi.淹没; 潜入水中; 湮没;

wade 英/weɪd/美/wed/

vt. to walk with an effort through sth, especially water or mud

跋涉; （从水、泥等） 蹚，走过;n.跋涉;

boathook 英/ˈbəʊthʊk/美/ˈboʊthʊk/

n.钩竿，一端有铁钩的撑篙; 挽钩;

grapple 英/ˈgræpl/美/ˈɡræpəl/

vt.搏斗; 抓住，捉牢; 与…格斗; 用铁锚（铁钩）钩住; vi.格斗; 抓住;n.扭打，格斗; 紧握; 抓机，抓斗; 与…格斗;

miracle 英/ˈmɪrəkl/美/ˈmɪrəkəl/

n. a lucky thing that happens that you did not expect or think was possible 奇迹，圣迹，神迹; 令人惊奇的人（或事）;

词组：

in the hope of doing 怀着…的希望;

eg. He was studying in the hope of being admitted to an engineering college.

pull ...out of把…拉出

And sadly, you cannot pull money out of a hat.

伤心的是，一但你花掉的所有积蓄，不可能再马上拥有了。

wade through

to deal with or read sth that is boring and takes a lot of time

艰难地处理；费力地阅读

长难句、语法：

…which had sound foundations…

属于非限制性定语从句；

We still think it a miracle that they were able to do so.

it 所指的是that 引导的宾语从句；

in the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank.

目的状语。