Week 39
DAY191
Lesson42-5:Modern Cavemen
To protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits. At the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water. In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small water-spout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave. Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the potholers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall.
知识点：
####rubber 英 [ˈrʌbə(r)] 美 [ˈrʌbɚ]
N-UNCOUNT 橡胶;合成橡胶 Rubber is a strong, waterproof, elastic substance made from the juice of a tropical tree or produced chemically. It is used for making tyres, boots, and other products.
eg. ... the smell of burning rubber. 橡胶燃烧的气味
ADJ 橡胶做的;橡胶制成的 Rubber things are made of rubber.
eg. ... rubber gloves. 橡胶手套
N-COUNT 橡皮擦 A rubber is a small piece of rubber or other material that is used to remove mistakes that you have made while writing, drawing, or typing.
in AM, use 美国英语用 eraser
N-COUNT 避孕套 A rubber is a condom.
N-COUNT (桥牌或惠斯特牌的)一盘，一局 In some card games, for example bridge or whist, a rubber is a match of three games.
eg. Let's have a few rubbers of bridge. 我们玩几局桥牌吧。
rubble英 [ˈrʌbl] 美 [ˈrʌbəl]
N-UNCOUNT 碎石;碎砖;瓦砾 When a building is destroyed, the pieces of brick, stone, or other materials that remain are referred to as rubble .
eg. Thousands of bodies are still buried under the rubble ... 成千上万的尸体仍然被埋在碎石瓦砾下。
N-UNCOUNT (建房铺路用的)碎石，毛石 Rubble is used to refer to the small pieces of bricks and stones that are used as a bottom layer on which to build roads, paths, or houses.
eg. Brick rubble is useful as the base for paths and patios. 碎砖石可以用来铺路基和庭院地基。
boom英 [bu:m] 美 [bum]
N-COUNT （经济的）繁荣，景气 If there is a boom in the economy, there is an increase in economic activity, for example in the amount of things that are being bought and sold.
eg. An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction. 接着出现了经济繁荣，尤其是在房地产业和建筑业。
N-COUNT （数量的）增长；（频率的）加快；成功 A boom in something is an increase in its amount, frequency, or success.
eg. The boom in the sport's popularity has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations.该项体育运动的兴起意味着制定更加严格的安全规则的呼声更高了。
VERB （经济或生意）景气，繁荣 If the economy or a business is booming, the amount of things being bought or sold is increasing.
eg. By 1988 the economy was booming. 到1988年经济一直很繁荣。
N-COUNT （船帆的）下桁；帆桁 On a boat, the boom is the long pole which is attached to the bottom of the sail and to the mast and which you move when you want to alter the direction in which you are sailing.
N-COUNT 浮木挡栅，水栅（用来阻挡溢出的油扩散） A boom is a large floating barrier that is used for stopping oil that has spilled from spreading.
VERB （人)吼叫；（大炮或大鼓）发隆隆声 When something such as someone's voice, a cannon, or a big drum booms, it makes a loud, deep sound that lasts for several seconds.
eg. 'Ladies,' boomed Helena, without a microphone, 'we all know why we're here tonight.'
“女士们，”海伦娜大声喊道，没有用麦克风，“我们都知道今晚我们为什么来到这里。”
Boom out means the same as boom .
eg. Music boomed out from loudspeakers.喇叭中传出低沉的音乐声。
eg. A megaphone boomed out, 'This is the police.' …扩音器响了起来：“我们是警察。”
eg. He turned his sightless eyes their way and boomed out a greeting. 他将失明的双眼转向他们，低声打了个招呼。
Boom is also a noun.
o eg. The stillness of night was broken by the boom of a cannon. 夜晚的寂静被隆隆的炮声打破。
water-spout英 [ˈwɔ:təspaʊt] 美 [ˈwɔ:tərspaʊt]
noun
a channel through which water is discharged (especially one used for drainage from the gutters of a roof)
2.a heavy rain
a tornado passing over water and picking up a column of water and mist
squeezing英 [skwi:z] 美 [skwiz]
VERB (通常指用手)挤压，捏 If you squeeze something, you press it firmly, usually with your hands.
eg. He squeezed her arm reassuringly. 他安慰地捏了捏她的胳膊。
Squeeze is also a noun.
o eg. I liked her way of reassuring you with a squeeze of the hand. 我喜欢她用力紧捏一下所握的手以示安慰的方式。
VERB 压榨，挤出(液体或软的东西) If you squeeze a liquid or a soft substance out of an object, you get the liquid or substance out by pressing the object.
eg. Joe put the plug in the sink and squeezed some detergent over the dishes. 乔用塞子塞住水槽，往盘子上挤了点洗涤剂。
V-ERG (常因害怕或保护眼睛而)紧闭(双眼) If you squeeze your eyes shut or if your eyes squeeze shut, you close them tightly, usually because you are frightened or to protect your eyes from something such as strong sunlight.
eg. Nancy squeezed her eyes shut and prayed. 南希紧闭双眼祈祷着。
V-ERG 挤过;挤进;塞进 If you squeeze a person or thing somewhere or if they squeezethere, they manage to get through or into a small space.
eg. They lowered him gradually into the cockpit. Somehow they squeezed him in the tight space, and strapped him in. 他们将他慢慢向下放入驾驶舱，设法将他塞进了狭小的空间，并给他系好安全带。
N-SING 拥挤 If you say that getting a number of people into a small space is a squeeze, you mean that it is only just possible for them all to get into it.
eg. It was a squeeze in the car with five of them. 车里坐了他们 5 个人，很拥挤。
VERB (通过劝说)榨取，获取 If you squeeze something out of someone, you persuade them to give it to you, although they may be unwilling to do this.
eg. The investigators complained about the difficulties of squeezing information out of residents. 调查人员抱怨说很难从居民身上获取信息。
VERB 紧缩，压缩(经济) If a government squeezes the economy, they put strict controls on people's ability to borrow money or on their own departments' freedom to spend money, in order to control the country's rate of inflation.
eg. The government will squeeze the economy into a severe recession to force inflation down. 政府将紧缩经济，使之出现严重衰退，以此迫使通货膨胀率下降。
Squeeze is also a noun.
eg. The CBI also says the squeeze is slowing down inflation..英国工业联合会还说经济紧缩正在减缓通货膨胀。
N-COUNT 男(或女)朋友 Someone's squeeze is their boyfriend or girlfriend.
eg. Jack showed off his latest squeeze at the weekend. 周末杰克炫耀了一番自己新交的女朋友。
cleft英 [kleft] 美 [klɛft]
N-COUNT (石头或地面的)罅隙，裂隙，裂口 A cleft in a rock or in the ground is a narrow opening in it.
...a narrow cleft in the rocks too small for humans to enter. 岩石之间人无法通过的一条窄缝
N-COUNT (下巴上的)凹口 A cleft in someone's chin is a line down the middle of it.
ADJ (下巴)有凹口的 If someone has a cleft chin, they have a cleft in their chin.
PHRASE 左右为难的；进退维谷的 If you say that a person or organization is in a cleft stick, you mean that they are in a difficult situation which will bring them problems and harm whatever they decide to do.
Cleft is a past participle of cleave.
cavern英 [ˈkævən] 美 [ˈkævərn]
N-COUNT 大地穴;大洞穴 A cavern is a large deep cave.
2.N-COUNT 黑洞洞的大厦(或大房间) If you describe the inside of a building or a room as a cavern, you mean that it is very large and, usually, dark or without much furniture.
eg. The kitchen now is a dark cavern, with an antiquated black stove in a corner. 厨房现在黑洞洞的，角落里有只破旧的黑色炉子。
concert英 [ˈkɒnsət] 美 [ˈkɑ:nsərt]
N-COUNT 音乐会 A concert is a performance of music.
eg. ...a short concert of piano music. 一场短暂的钢琴音乐会
PHRASE 现场演出 If a musician or group of musicians appears in concert, they are giving a live performance.
eg. I want people to remember Elvis in concert. 我希望大家记住现场演唱会上的猫王。
PHRASE 合作;同心协力 If a number of people do something in concert, they do it together.
eg. He wants to act in concert with other nations. 他想和其他国家采取一致行动。
in concert with sb/sth: (formal) working together with sb/sth与……合作（同心协力）
词组：
protect … from … 保护……以免……
icy water [医]冰水
far end [体]远端
eg. A woman appeared at the far end of the street. 一个女人远远出现在街的尽头。
句式：
To protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits.
To protect themselves from the icy water是动词不定式，作目的状语。将作目的状语的动词不定式置于句首更正式，语气较重。
At the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water.
At the far end of the lake 在湖的顶那头/尽头。
介词短语在兔子中作地点状语。根据其后所随内容的不同，短语介词 at the end of … 可表示“在……这个世界（时间状语）”“在……结尾（尽头，为地点状语）”和“达……限度（程度状语）”。如：
eg. They went to Beijing at the end of last year. 他们去年年度去了北京。
eg. You’ll find an index at the end of this book. 书后有索引备查。
eg. She was at the end of her patience. 她已经忍无可忍了。
长难句、语法：
In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small water-spout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave.
… which was caused by … of the cave 为定语从句，修饰sound.
They found 为插入语，对其前面的成分作进一步的追加说明。
除 find 外，常见用于此类插入语的动词还有 think, hope, guess, believe, suppose, wonder, sec, know等。
eg. This, I suppose, will give you some idea of our stand on the issue. 这个，我想，可以帮助你们对我们在此问题上的立场有所了解。
Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the potholers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall.
the size of a huge concert hall是cavern的同位语。
精妙翻译：
To protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits.
湖水冰冷刺骨，他们必须穿上一种特制的橡皮服以保护自己。
the icy water，是“冰水”的意思，但中文翻译成冰冷刺骨，不仅表达了地下水的水温极低，并用“刺骨”的身体感受加强了语气。
Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the potholers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall.
洞穴探险者从岩石缝里挤身过去，来到一个巨大的洞里，其大小相当于一个音乐厅。
the size of a huge concert hall是cavern的同位语。
DAY192
Lesson42-6:Modern Cavemen
After switching on powerful arc lights, they saw greatstalagmites—some of them over forty feet high--rising up like tree-trunks tomeet the stalactites suspended from the roof. Round about, piles of lime-stoneglistened in all the colours of the rainbow. In the eerie silence of thecavern, the only sound that could be heard was made by water which drippedcontinuously from the high dome above them.
知识点：
单词：
stalagmite/ stə'læɡ.maɪt /
1.n.石笋
eg. theform of atalagmites 石笋的行成
stalactite/stə'læk.taɪt/
1.n.钟乳石
eg. stalactitesof curious forms 形状奇异的钟乳石
limestone/'laɪm.stoʊn /
1.n.石灰石
eg. limestonewalls 石灰岩墙
obstinately / 'ɑbstɪnətli /
1.adv.固执地；倔强地
eg. Unemploymentfigures are remaining obstinately high. 失业数字仍然顽固地居高不下。
glisten /ˈɡlɪs(ə)n/
1.v.(反射引起的)闪光、闪烁、闪耀=flash
Eg. The lake glistens in the moonlight. 湖水在月光下闪烁。
eerie /'ɪri/
1.adj.可怕的，阴森恐怖的
Eg.an eerie green glow in the sky 天空中诡异的绿光
dome / doʊm /
1.n.(半球形的)圆屋顶，圆天花板
Eg.the eerie of the sky 天顶，苍穹
词组：
switch on powerful arc lights 打开强力弧光灯
suspend from the roof 从洞顶悬挂下来
rise up like tree-trunks 像树干似的向上生长
round about 周围
glisten in all the colours of therainbow 像彩虹一样闪闪发光
the eerie silence 可怕的寂静
长难句、语法：
Inthe eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound that could be heard was made bywater which dripped continuously from the high dome above them.
这里有2个从句，一个是that引导的状语从句，另一个是which引导的定语从句，第二个which引导的从句是用来修饰water 的。
精妙翻译：
rising up like tree-trunksto meet the stalactites suspended from the roof.
像树干似的向上长着，与洞顶悬挂下来的钟乳石相接。 这里把meet 翻译为“相接”非常的自然，顺口。
piles oflime-stone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow
像彩虹一样闪闪发光。这里是意译，并不需要生硬地把每一个英文单词都对应着翻译成中午，比如这里allthe colours 就不需要翻译出来，因为彩虹就是多彩的啊。
the onlysound that could be heard was made by water which dripped continuously from thehigh dome above them.
虽然英文含有2个从句，但中文翻译得却是非常的精炼：唯一可以听见的声响是高高的圆顶上不间断地滴水的滴答声。
DAY193
Lesson43-1:Fully insured
Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything. Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world. If, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather. Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay. It is not uncommon to hear that a ship-ping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship.
知识点：
词组：
in the event of倘若，万一，如果发生。
make a claim for要求得到
standard practice常规业务，常规服务
句式：
the+adj比较级，the+adj比较级
相关解释 这个句子一般翻译为“越......越......”用的时候注意形容词比较级的常规以及非常规变化
it is not uncommon to do sth
相关解释 这句话的翻译是做某事是常见的、寻常的，句子中如果出现两个否定直接抵消掉，再看剩下句子的意思即可，不要被结构绕进去。
DAY194
Lesson43-2:Fully insured
But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique. Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide. It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair. The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured it for the trip.
知识点：
单词：
authority / ɔːˈθɒrəti, ə- /
( plural authorities）
1.[U]权力，当权
the authority to do sth
eg. Only the president has the authority to declare war.(eg+.+空格)
in authority
eg. I need to speak to someone in authority (= who has a position of power ) .
n.[plural 复数] the people or organizations that are in charge of a particular country or area 〔国家或地区的〕当权者，当局，官方
3.n.[C] 官方机构；政府部门
eg. the local authority
n.[C] 权威人士，大师，泰斗
eg. Mr Li is a leading authority on Chinese food.
5.(正式的)许可，授权
under the authority of sb
eg. The attack took place under the authority of the UN Security Council.
recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/
1.V. 恢复健康；复原
recover 是一个比较正式的词。在日常对话中，常常使用get better（好转；恢复健康）表达同样的意思。如，Qualified nurses help patients get better more quickly（称职的护士会帮助病人更快地康复）。
V. （从不开心或不愉快的经历中）恢复，复原
eg. ...a tragedy from which he never fully recovered...
他一直未能完全从中走出的悲剧
V. （从弱势或困境中）好转，扭转，恢复
eg. He recovered from a 4-2 deficit to reach the quarter-finals...
4.V. 重新找到;重新拿回
5.V.恢复（意识、神志或身体状态）
6.V. 收回（花掉、投资或借出的钱）
eg. Legal action is being taken to try to recover the money...
admittedly/ədˈmɪtɪdli/
adj.诚然；无可否认 It's only a theory, admittedly, but the pieces fit together...
诚然，这只是一种理论，但各部分互相吻合。
词组：
a local authority 某地当局
an annual fair 一年一度交易会
句式：
sth.must surely be unique=sth.must surely be exceptional
……是新鲜的/不同寻常的。
sth. +be动词+ 数词+feet long/wide
表示多长、多宽
长难句、语法：
It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair.
so that引导目的状语从句。
The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured it for the trip.
馅饼委员会确认运输这只盘子的最佳方案是通过运河水运。于是，他们对这只盘子的运输安全投了保。
to transport the dish，动词不定式短语，作定语，修饰way。By canal以运河水运的方式。
精妙翻译：
The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured it for the trip.
馅饼委员会确认运输这只盘子的最佳方案是通过运河水运。于是，他们对这只盘子的运输安全投了保。
中文不善于用代词，而英文善于用代词。在英译汉时，多用名词或省略；汉译英时，多用代词。英文代词的翻译注意代词指明要点。这里的代词it是指盘子，所以我们在翻译中要把“盘子”翻译出来。
DAY195
Lesson43-3:Fully insured
Shortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate. At the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own. Dancing proved to be more than the disk could bear, for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish.
知识点：
单词：
launch/ lɔːntʃ /本身就含有让船下水（新船首次下水）
☆辨音：lodge/lɔdʒ/
除原文外其他含义：
1.发射（火箭、导弹或卫星） Tolauncharocket, missile, or satellitemeans to send it into the air or into space.
2.开展（重大活动）；发起，发动（军事袭击等） Tolaunchalarge and important activity, for example a military attack, means to start it.
3.推出，发布（新产品） If a companylaunchesanew product, it makes it available to the public.
4.（在江河、湖泊和港口载人的）大型汽艇 Alaunchis alarge motorboatthat is used for carrying people on rivers and lakes and in harbours.
launch into sth
launch yourself into sth
to begin sth in an enthusiastic way, especially sth that will take a long time
(热情地)开始做，投入：
eg. He launched into a lengthy account of his career.
他开始罗罗嗦嗦地讲述自己的工作经历。
launch out
to do sth new in your career, especially sth more exciting
开始从事，投身于(新的、尤指更令人兴奋的事业)：
eg. It's time I launched out on my own.
该是我自己创业的时候了。
inn/in/与in同音
☆辨音：inn to和into
(old-fashioned, BrE)a pub, usually in the country and often one where people can stay the night (通常指乡村的，常可夜宿的)小酒店;小旅馆;小客栈;小酒馆
eg. Holiday Inn 假日饭店
capsize 英/ kæpˈsaiz /美/ ˈkæpsaiz /
if a boatcapsizesor sthcapsizes it, it turns over in the water (船)翻，倾覆
词组：
in seven feet of water 在七英尺深的水中
garage owner 汽车修理库老板
recovery truck 急修车
句式：
shortly after…，……后不久
hold a party of one's own 办自己的舞会
sth proved to be more than …could do/can do
more than+句子：“超过……的程度”
长难句、语法：
Dancing proved to be more than the disk could bear.
than是连词。后面常加could/can 等词。
精妙翻译：
dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear.
他们跳起了舞，盘子难以承受。
the pie committee telephoneda local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish.
馅饼委员会给当地汽车修理库老板打电话，他闻讯后开着一辆急修车前来打捞盘子。
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